10-Minute Neuroscience: Depression

Subjects: Neurosciences
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Contributor:
Neuroscientifically Challenged

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Release Date: 2024-05-13

Neuroscience Made Simpler

2-Minute Neuroscience: Zolpidem (Ambien)

10-Minute Neuroscience: Depression

2-Minute Neuroscience: Sleepwalking

2-Minute Neuroscience: Vertigo

2-Minute Neuroscience: Migraine

2-Minute Neuroscience: Methylphenidate

2-Minute Neuroscience: DMT

2-Minute Neuroscience: Cochlear Implants

2-Minute Neuroscience: Frontotemporal Dementia

2-Minute Neuroscience: Spina Bifida

2-Minute Neuroscience: Sleep Paralysis

2-Minute Neuroscience: Fatal Insomnia

2-Minute Neuroscience: PTSD

2-Minute Neuroscience: Schizophrenia

2-Minute Neuroscience: COVID-19 & the Brain

2-Minute Neuroscience: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2-Minute Neuroscience: ADHD

2-Minute Neuroscience: Restless Legs Syndrome

2-Minute Neuroscience: Autism

2-Minute Neuroscience: Narcolepsy

2-Minute Neuroscience: MDMA

2-Minute Neuroscience: Brain Aneurysms

2-Minute Neuroscience: Bell's Palsy

2-Minute Neuroscience: Tinnitus

2-Minute Neuroscience: Ketamine

2-Minute Neuroscience: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

2-Minute Neuroscience: Motor Neurons

2-Minute Neuroscience: Phantom Limb

10-Minute Neuroscience: Visual Pathways

10-Minute Neuroscience: Action Potentials

10-Minute Neuroscience: Synapses

10-Minute Neuroscience: Neurons

2-Minute Neuroscience: Tourette Syndrome

2-Minute Neuroscience: Withdrawal Reflex

2-Minute Neuroscience: Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors

2-Minute Neuroscience: Cerebral Cortex

2-Minute Neuroscience: Deep Brain Stimulation

2-Minute Neuroscience: Meningitis

2-Minute Neuroscience: Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

2-Minute Neuroscience: Corneal Reflex

2-Minute Neuroscience: CBD

2-Minute Neuroscience: THC

2-Minute Neuroscience: Alien Hand Syndrome

2-Minute Neuroscience: Melatonin

2-Minute Neuroscience: Psilocybin

2-Minute Neuroscience: Agonism, Antagonism, & Allosteric Modulation

2-Minute Neuroscience: LSD

2-Minute Neuroscience: Beta-Endorphin

2-Minute Neuroscience: L-DOPA

2-Minute Neuroscience: Parasympathetic Nervous System

2-Minute Neuroscience: Sympathetic Nervous System

2-Minute Neuroscience: Indirect Pathway of the Basal Ganglia

2-Minute Neuroscience: Direct Pathway of the Basal Ganglia

2-Minute Neuroscience: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Norepinephrine

2-Minute Neuroscience: Sodium-Potassium Pump

2-Minute Neuroscience: Electroencephalography (EEG)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Trochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve IV)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Oculomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Touch Receptors

2-Minute Neuroscience: Hypoglossal Nerve (Cranial Nerve XII)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Accessory Nerve (Cranial Nerve XI)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Prefrontal Cortex

2-Minute Neuroscience: Vagus Nerve (Cranial Nerve X)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Phototransduction

2-Minute Neuroscience: Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Methadone

2-Minute Neuroscience: Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Nicotine

2-Minute Neuroscience: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Abducens Nerve (Cranial Nerve VI)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Concussions

2-Minute Neuroscience: Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Opioids

2-Minute Neuroscience: Optic Nerve (Cranial Nerve II)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Brain Tumors

2-Minute Neuroscience: Glial Cells

2-Minute Neuroscience: Stages of Sleep

2-Minute Neuroscience: HPA Axis

2-Minute Neuroscience: Huntington's Disease

2-Minute Neuroscience: Amphetamine

2-Minute Neuroscience: Corpus Callosum

2-Minute Neuroscience: Pons

2-Minute Neuroscience: Parkinson's Disease

2-Minute Neuroscience: Hydrocephalus

2-Minute Neuroscience: Dopamine

2-Minute Neuroscience: Stroke

2-Minute Neuroscience: Glutamate

2-Minute Neuroscience: Blood Supply of the Brain

2-Minute Neuroscience: Neurotransmitter Release

2-Minute Neuroscience: Serotonin

2-Minute Neuroscience: Oxytocin

2-Minute Neuroscience: Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Wernicke's Area

2-Minute Neuroscience: Broca's Area

2-Minute Neuroscience: Acetylcholine

2-Minute Neuroscience: GABA

2-Minute Neuroscience: Taste

2-Minute Neuroscience: Alcohol

2-Minute Neuroscience: Olfaction

2-Minute Neuroscience: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Midbrain

2-Minute Neuroscience: Periaqueductal Gray (PAG)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Benzodiazepines

2-Minute Neuroscience: Caffeine

2-Minute Neuroscience: Long-Term Depression (LTD)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Pineal Gland

2-Minute Neuroscience: Primary Somatosensory Cortex

2-Minute Neuroscience: Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

2-Minute Neuroscience: Nucleus Accumbens

2-Minute Neuroscience: Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Medulla Oblongata

2-Minute Neuroscience: Vestibular System

2-Minute Neuroscience: Amygdala

2-Minute Neuroscience: Striatum

2-Minute Neuroscience: Epilepsy

2-Minute Neuroscience: Multiple Sclerosis

2-Minute Neuroscience: Alzheimer's Disease

2-Minute Neuroscience: Neuromuscular Junction

2-Minute Neuroscience: Knee-Jerk Reflex

2-Minute Neuroscience: Substantia Nigra

2-Minute Neuroscience: Corticospinal Tract

2-Minute Neuroscience: Basal Ganglia

2-Minute Neuroscience: Motor Cortex

2-Minute Neuroscience: Cerebellum

2-Minute Neuroscience: Effects of Cocaine

2-Minute Neuroscience: Blood-Brain Barrier

2-Minute Neuroscience: Myelin

2-Minute Neuroscience: Pain and the Anterolateral System

2-Minute Neuroscience: Touch and the Dorsal Columns-Medial Lemniscus

2-Minute Neuroscience: The Cochlea

2-Minute Neuroscience: The Retina

2-Minute Neuroscience: The Hippocampus

2-Minute Neuroscience: The Thalamus

2-Minute Neuroscience: The Brainstem

2-Minute Neuroscience: The Meninges

2-Minute Neuroscience: The Ventricles

2-Minute Neuroscience: Directional Terms in Neuroscience

2-Minute Neuroscience: Spinal Cord Cross-Section

2-Minute Neuroscience: Exterior of the Spinal Cord

2-Minute Neuroscience: Reward System

2-Minute Neuroscience: Limbic System

2-Minute Neuroscience: Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland

2-Minute Neuroscience: Neuroimaging

2-Minute Neuroscience: Early Neural Development

2-Minute Neuroscience: Receptors & Ligands

2-Minute Neuroscience: Lobes/Landmarks of the Brain Surface

2-Minute Neuroscience: Divisions of the Nervous System

2-Minute Neuroscience: Action Potential

2-Minute Neuroscience: Membrane Potential

2-Minute Neuroscience: Synaptic Transmission

2-Minute Neuroscience: The Neuron

Playlist

2-Minute Neuroscience: Zolpidem (Ambien)

10-Minute Neuroscience: Depression

2-Minute Neuroscience: Sleepwalking

2-Minute Neuroscience: Vertigo

2-Minute Neuroscience: Migraine

2-Minute Neuroscience: Methylphenidate

2-Minute Neuroscience: DMT

2-Minute Neuroscience: Cochlear Implants

2-Minute Neuroscience: Frontotemporal Dementia

2-Minute Neuroscience: Spina Bifida

2-Minute Neuroscience: Sleep Paralysis

2-Minute Neuroscience: Fatal Insomnia

2-Minute Neuroscience: PTSD

2-Minute Neuroscience: Schizophrenia

2-Minute Neuroscience: COVID-19 & the Brain

2-Minute Neuroscience: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2-Minute Neuroscience: ADHD

2-Minute Neuroscience: Restless Legs Syndrome

2-Minute Neuroscience: Autism

2-Minute Neuroscience: Narcolepsy

2-Minute Neuroscience: MDMA

2-Minute Neuroscience: Brain Aneurysms

2-Minute Neuroscience: Bell's Palsy

2-Minute Neuroscience: Tinnitus

2-Minute Neuroscience: Ketamine

2-Minute Neuroscience: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

2-Minute Neuroscience: Motor Neurons

2-Minute Neuroscience: Phantom Limb

10-Minute Neuroscience: Visual Pathways

10-Minute Neuroscience: Action Potentials

10-Minute Neuroscience: Synapses

10-Minute Neuroscience: Neurons

2-Minute Neuroscience: Tourette Syndrome

2-Minute Neuroscience: Withdrawal Reflex

2-Minute Neuroscience: Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors

2-Minute Neuroscience: Cerebral Cortex

2-Minute Neuroscience: Deep Brain Stimulation

2-Minute Neuroscience: Meningitis

2-Minute Neuroscience: Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

2-Minute Neuroscience: Corneal Reflex

2-Minute Neuroscience: CBD

2-Minute Neuroscience: THC

2-Minute Neuroscience: Alien Hand Syndrome

2-Minute Neuroscience: Melatonin

2-Minute Neuroscience: Psilocybin

2-Minute Neuroscience: Agonism, Antagonism, & Allosteric Modulation

2-Minute Neuroscience: LSD

2-Minute Neuroscience: Beta-Endorphin

2-Minute Neuroscience: L-DOPA

2-Minute Neuroscience: Parasympathetic Nervous System

2-Minute Neuroscience: Sympathetic Nervous System

2-Minute Neuroscience: Indirect Pathway of the Basal Ganglia

2-Minute Neuroscience: Direct Pathway of the Basal Ganglia

2-Minute Neuroscience: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Norepinephrine

2-Minute Neuroscience: Sodium-Potassium Pump

2-Minute Neuroscience: Electroencephalography (EEG)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Trochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve IV)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Oculomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Touch Receptors

2-Minute Neuroscience: Hypoglossal Nerve (Cranial Nerve XII)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Accessory Nerve (Cranial Nerve XI)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Prefrontal Cortex

2-Minute Neuroscience: Vagus Nerve (Cranial Nerve X)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Phototransduction

2-Minute Neuroscience: Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Methadone

2-Minute Neuroscience: Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Nicotine

2-Minute Neuroscience: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Abducens Nerve (Cranial Nerve VI)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Concussions

2-Minute Neuroscience: Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Opioids

2-Minute Neuroscience: Optic Nerve (Cranial Nerve II)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Brain Tumors

2-Minute Neuroscience: Glial Cells

2-Minute Neuroscience: Stages of Sleep

2-Minute Neuroscience: HPA Axis

2-Minute Neuroscience: Huntington's Disease

2-Minute Neuroscience: Amphetamine

2-Minute Neuroscience: Corpus Callosum

2-Minute Neuroscience: Pons

2-Minute Neuroscience: Parkinson's Disease

2-Minute Neuroscience: Hydrocephalus

2-Minute Neuroscience: Dopamine

2-Minute Neuroscience: Stroke

2-Minute Neuroscience: Glutamate

2-Minute Neuroscience: Blood Supply of the Brain

2-Minute Neuroscience: Neurotransmitter Release

2-Minute Neuroscience: Serotonin

2-Minute Neuroscience: Oxytocin

2-Minute Neuroscience: Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Wernicke's Area

2-Minute Neuroscience: Broca's Area

2-Minute Neuroscience: Acetylcholine

2-Minute Neuroscience: GABA

2-Minute Neuroscience: Taste

2-Minute Neuroscience: Alcohol

2-Minute Neuroscience: Olfaction

2-Minute Neuroscience: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Midbrain

2-Minute Neuroscience: Periaqueductal Gray (PAG)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Benzodiazepines

2-Minute Neuroscience: Caffeine

2-Minute Neuroscience: Long-Term Depression (LTD)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Pineal Gland

2-Minute Neuroscience: Primary Somatosensory Cortex

2-Minute Neuroscience: Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

2-Minute Neuroscience: Nucleus Accumbens

2-Minute Neuroscience: Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA)

2-Minute Neuroscience: Medulla Oblongata

2-Minute Neuroscience: Vestibular System

2-Minute Neuroscience: Amygdala

2-Minute Neuroscience: Striatum

2-Minute Neuroscience: Epilepsy

2-Minute Neuroscience: Multiple Sclerosis

2-Minute Neuroscience: Alzheimer's Disease

2-Minute Neuroscience: Neuromuscular Junction

2-Minute Neuroscience: Knee-Jerk Reflex

2-Minute Neuroscience: Substantia Nigra

2-Minute Neuroscience: Corticospinal Tract

2-Minute Neuroscience: Basal Ganglia

2-Minute Neuroscience: Motor Cortex

2-Minute Neuroscience: Cerebellum

2-Minute Neuroscience: Effects of Cocaine

2-Minute Neuroscience: Blood-Brain Barrier

2-Minute Neuroscience: Myelin

2-Minute Neuroscience: Pain and the Anterolateral System

2-Minute Neuroscience: Touch and the Dorsal Columns-Medial Lemniscus

2-Minute Neuroscience: The Cochlea

2-Minute Neuroscience: The Retina

2-Minute Neuroscience: The Hippocampus

2-Minute Neuroscience: The Thalamus

2-Minute Neuroscience: The Brainstem

2-Minute Neuroscience: The Meninges

2-Minute Neuroscience: The Ventricles

2-Minute Neuroscience: Directional Terms in Neuroscience

2-Minute Neuroscience: Spinal Cord Cross-Section

2-Minute Neuroscience: Exterior of the Spinal Cord

2-Minute Neuroscience: Reward System

2-Minute Neuroscience: Limbic System

2-Minute Neuroscience: Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland

2-Minute Neuroscience: Neuroimaging

2-Minute Neuroscience: Early Neural Development

2-Minute Neuroscience: Receptors & Ligands

2-Minute Neuroscience: Lobes/Landmarks of the Brain Surface

2-Minute Neuroscience: Divisions of the Nervous System

2-Minute Neuroscience: Action Potential

2-Minute Neuroscience: Membrane Potential

2-Minute Neuroscience: Synaptic Transmission

2-Minute Neuroscience: The Neuron

neuroscience
depression
serotonin
neuroplasticity
antidepressants

Video Introduction

This video is adapted from: https://youtu.be/1euK8OSIR9E

This video discusses the neuroscience of depression. First, it covers the serotonin hypothesis, which suggests depression is caused by low levels of serotonin in the brain, and explains why this hypothesis does not fully explain what’s happening in the brain to cause depression. Then, it covers several other hypotheses, including those that focus on dysregulation in the HPA axis, immune system dysfunction, and impaired neuroplasticity and neurogenesis (linked to low levels of BDNF). Along the way, the video also explains the mechanisms behind some common antidepressants, such as SSRIs. ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

References

Dean J, Keshavan M. The neurobiology of depression: An integrated view. Asian J Psychiatr. 2017 Jun;27:101-111. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.01.025. Epub 2017 Jan 29. PMID: 28558878.
Krishnan V, Nestler EJ. The molecular neurobiology of depression. Nature. 2008 Oct 16;455(7215):894-902. doi: 10.1038/nature07455. PMID: 18923511; PMCID: PMC2721780.
López-Muñoz F, Alamo C. Monoaminergic neurotransmission: the history of the discovery of antidepressants from 1950s until today. Curr Pharm Des. 2009;15(14):1563-86. doi: 10.2174/138161209788168001. PMID: 19442174.
López-Muñoz F, Alamo C, Juckel G, Assion HJ. Half a century of antidepressant drugs: on the clinical introduction of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclics, and tetracyclics. Part I: monoamine oxidase inhibitors. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007 Dec;27(6):555-9. doi: 10.1097/jcp.0b013e3181bb617. PMID: 18004120.
Moncrieff J, Cooper RE, Stockmann T, Amendola S, Hengartner MP, Horowitz MA. The serotonin theory of depression: a systematic umbrella review of the evidence. Mol Psychiatry. 2023 Aug;28(8):3243-3256. doi: 10.1038/s41380-022-01661-0. Epub 2022 Jul 20. PMID: 35854107; PMCID: PMC10618090.
Otte C, Gold SM, Penninx BW, Pariante CM, Etkin A, Fava M, Mohr DC, Schatzberg AF. Major depressive disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Sep 15;2:16065. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.65. PMID: 27629598.

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Challenged, N. 10-Minute Neuroscience: Depression. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/1260 (accessed on 21 December 2024).

Challenged N. 10-Minute Neuroscience: Depression. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/1260. Accessed December 21, 2024.

Challenged, Neuroscientifically. "10-Minute Neuroscience: Depression" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/1260 (accessed December 21, 2024).

Challenged, N. (2024, May 13). 10-Minute Neuroscience: Depression. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/1260

Challenged, Neuroscientifically. "10-Minute Neuroscience: Depression." Encyclopedia. Web. 13 May, 2024.