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Encyclopedia MDPI is thrilled to announce significant enhancements to its Academic Video Service, which aim to improve its quality, accessibility, and functionality. Since its launch, our video service has enabled numerous scholars to present their research in a dynamic and visually engaging format, greatly enhancing its visibility and impact. Due to the overwhelmingly positive reception this service has received, we have reached a point where the number of orders we are receiving exceeds our current capacity. In order to maintain the quality of these videos and continue optimizing the service, we have made the decision to introduce a fee. However, to ensure that this service is still a cost-effective option, we have set our prices significantly below the market average. 1. Highlights of the Upgrades to the Service Although the service will now be fee-based, we are committed to providing even more professional and comprehensive support, including the following: One-on-one video production guidance Personalized assistance to ensure your needs are fully met. Scriptwriting and English editing Expertly crafted narratives and professional English editing to ensure your research is presented clearly, accurately, and with impact. High-quality animations Visually engaging animations are created to simplify complex research and captivate your audience. Whiteboard Animations: Clean and minimalist, using hand-drawn illustrations to explain ideas step-by-step. Motion Graphics (MG) Animations: Cartoon Style: Bright, colorful, and approachable, ideal for making technical or scientific content more accessible and engaging. Hand-Drawn Style: Unique and artistic, adding a personal touch to your research while maintaining clarity and professionalism. Customized infographics (optional) We can also create tailored infographics to visually summarize key data or findings, enhancing the clarity and appeal of your video. Native voiceover Native speakers provide voiceovers to enhance the accessibility and reach of your research. Multiple rounds of revision To ensure your video accurately represents your work. Social media promotion Expanding your research's visibility and impact. 2. Why Choose Us? The Proven Impact of Video Abstracts Research shows that a well-crafted video abstract can significantly enhance the visibility and impact of your work. It has been shown to do the following: Increase paper views by 120% (Source: 10.1007/ s11192-019-03108-w) Boost citations by 20% (Source: Wiley Online Library) Improve journal rankings by 33% (Source: Research Square) Raise Altmetrics scores by 140% (Source: Research Square) Our Expertise in Academic Research Backed by MDPI, our experienced production team combines deep academic knowledge with creative excellence. We understand the nuances of scholarly communication and ensure that every frame accurately conveys the value of your research, meeting the highest standards of quality and precision. Collaborations with SCI Journals We have partnered with over 60 SCI journals to create exclusive video series, enhancing the dissemination and impact of published research. For example, our collaborations with Entropy, Remote Sensing, Nanomaterials , Animals , Nutrients, Foods , Sustainability, Cancers, etc., have helped authors achieve greater visibility and recognition for their work. Global visibility The videos are linked to your paper's DOI for maximum exposure. Available Video Services and Their Pricing Video Abstract (up to 5 minutes long): Summarizes the key findings, methodology, and significance of your research paper. Regular Price: 600 CHF Short Take (up to 2 minutes long): Uses original animations to explain the specific aspects of your research. Regular Price: 500 CHF Scholar Interview: A face-to-face discussion offering deeper insights into your publication. Regular Price: 400 CHF Scholar Profile: A brief overview of a scholar’s career, highlighting education, research focus, and key achievements. Regular Price: 500 CHF 3. Video Production Service If you want to see some examples of our videos, please visit https://encyclopedia.pub/video. If you would like to apply for the video service, please click https://encyclopedia.pub/video_service. 4. Others If you have any other questions, please contact office@encyclopedia.pub.
Announcement 14 Apr 2026
Plant-based diets for pets have attracted growing attention in recent years, but one question often comes up first: can dogs and cats actually digest plant-derived ingredients effectively? Dogs and cats have different nutritional characteristics, and the scientific evidence available for the two species is far from equal. A recent review published in Animals, titled "The Digestibility of Vegan and Vegetarian Diets for Dogs and Cats", examined existing research on the digestibility of vegan and vegetarian diets and plant-based protein sources in dogs and cats. Figure 1. The Digestibility of Vegan and Vegetarian Diets for Dogs and Cats. Produced by MDPI Academic Video Service (Source: https://encyclopedia.pub/video/1832). 1. A Question About Plant-Based Diets The review focuses on a specific part of pet nutrition: digestibility—how effectively nutrients from food are digested and absorbed. The authors searched Web of Science and Scopus for relevant studies published from 2000 onward. After screening the literature and reviewing references, 31 studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 22 focused on dogs, two on cats, and seven on both species. This distribution is important: the evidence base is considerably larger for dogs than for cats. 2. Dogs Provide Most of the Evidence Across the studies reviewed, digestibility values for vegan and vegetarian diets were generally high and broadly comparable with those reported for conventional meat-based diets. Five studies specifically measured apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of complete vegan or vegetarian pet diets. Across these studies, ATTD values exceeded 80% for dry matter, 85% for organic matter, 80% for crude protein, 89% for fat, 88% for nitrogen-free extract, and 86% for energy. Individual results varied with diet composition, ingredients, processing methods, and experimental conditions. For example, one study comparing a vegetarian diet with a meat-based diet in six beagles reported ATTD above 85% for organic matter, 80% for crude protein, 93% for fat, and 88% for nitrogen-free extract. Another study involving 61 healthy adult companion dogs compared a commercial extruded chicken-based diet with an extruded vegan diet. Crude protein digestibility in the vegan products ranged from 91.6% to 94.2%, compared with 91.7–91.8% for the animal-based product. Together, these findings indicate that dogs can effectively digest a range of appropriately formulated and processed plant-based diets. 3. The Protein Source Matters The review also shows why it is difficult to treat “plant protein” as a single category. The studies examined protein sources from legumes, pulses, grains, and microbial fermentation. Their digestibility varied, and processing could also affect how nutrients become available during digestion. Soy-derived ingredients provide one example. Different soy products showed differences in the digestibility of essential amino acids, while processing can reduce or inactivate some antinutritional factors. For commercial pet food, this means that nutritional performance depends not simply on whether protein comes from plants, but also on the specific ingredient, how it is processed, and how it is used in the finished diet. 4. Cats Are Still Less Studied The evidence for cats is much smaller. Only two of the 31 studies were specific to cats, although seven additional studies included both dogs and cats. The available research nevertheless provides evidence that cats can digest a number of plant-derived protein sources. One study involving 296 cats found that true total tract protein digestibility increased as the proportion of dietary protein supplied by plant sources increased. Other studies examined plant-derived ingredients and complete diets and also reported relatively high digestibility. These results are useful, but the limited feline evidence means that conclusions about cats need to remain more cautious than those about dogs. 5. Digestibility Is Only Part of the Story High digestibility does not automatically mean that a diet is nutritionally complete or appropriate for every animal. Dogs and cats require specific nutrients in appropriate amounts and proportions, and their nutritional needs vary according to species, life stage, and health status. The review therefore focuses on digestibility rather than claiming that every vegan or vegetarian diet is suitable for every dog or cat. The authors conclude that the available evidence supports the digestibility of nutritionally sound vegan and vegetarian pet diets. Proper formulation and manufacturing remain essential. 6. What the Studies Really Tell Us Taken together, the 31 studies challenge the idea that dogs and cats are inherently unable to digest plant-derived proteins. Vegan and vegetarian diets generally showed high digestibility, and a range of plant-based protein sources could be effectively digested. At the same time, individual ingredients and nutrients sometimes produced different results, and the evidence is much stronger for dogs than for cats. The findings therefore support a more specific conclusion: plant-derived ingredients can be effectively digested by dogs and cats, but digestibility alone does not determine whether a particular diet is appropriate. 7. What Remains to Be Explored Most of the available research involves adult animals receiving maintenance diets. Much less is known about puppies, kittens, senior animals, or pets with health conditions. Many studies were also conducted under controlled conditions, making further research in everyday, in-home settings valuable, particularly for cats. For now, the review provides a clearer picture of one part of the plant-based pet food debate. The available evidence does not indicate that nutritionally sound vegan and vegetarian diets are inherently less digestible than conventional meat-based diets—but there is still more to learn about how these diets perform across different animals and circumstances.
Blog 12 Aug 2026
The Encyclopedia platform, together with the journals Biology and Nutrients, launches the Best Video Abstract Awards to increase the visibility and reach of published research and to inspire researchers to explore the power of visual storytelling. Video abstracts have become an increasingly important medium for scientific communication. By integrating narration, visualizations, animations, and experimental footage, they make complex research more accessible, engaging, and memorable. This initiative recognizes video abstracts that are not only scientifically rigorous but also creatively compelling and educational, thereby promoting broader dissemination and deeper community engagement. To learn more about the awards or to participate directly, please visit the event page via the links provided below. https://encyclopedia.pub/best-video-abstract-award 1. Event Duration 9 February 2026 – 2 February 2027 2. Awards Biology Best Video Abstract AwardOpen to video abstracts based on papers published in Biology between 1 January 2024 and 31 December 2025. This award will be granted to two video abstracts based on the evaluation of the Award Evaluation Committee. Nutrients Best Video Abstract AwardOpen to video abstracts based on papers published in Nutrients between 1 January 2024 and 31 December 2025. This award will be granted to two video abstracts based on the evaluation of the Award Evaluation Committee. Prize For each journal award, the winner will receive: CHF 500 A voucher waiving the Article Processing Charges (APCs) for one journal submission (subject to peer review, valid for one year) A free Academic Video Service production (no matter where the paper is published), valid for one year. An electronic certificate Participant Incentive All participants will receive a CHF 100 discount voucher for the Encyclopedia Academic Video Service. 3. Participation The event will be conducted in three stages. Submission Stage 9 February 2026 – 31 August 2026 Independent Submission Authors may create and submit video abstracts independently using their own tools and creative approach. Professional Support Option Authors who do not currently have a video abstract but intend to apply for the award may opt for the Academic Video Service, which offers a one-stop, end-to-end solution covering script development, animation, voiceover recording, and editing. Please submit your video abstract here: https://encyclopedia.pub/user/video_add?activity=b57ab0910b456a5e4eebd960867ce205 Or place your video service order here: https://encyclopedia.pub/user/video_service_order All video abstracts will be assessed by the editorial team for editorial suitability and overall quality. Submissions that meet the guidelines will be assessed equally. Voting Stage 1 November 2026 – 31 December 2026 Public voting will be conducted during this period. Voting results and video performance metrics, including views, likes, shares, and collections, will contribute to the final evaluation. Winner Announcement 2 February 2027 Final winners will be determined based on a combined assessment of public voting results and a comprehensive evaluation by the Award Evaluation Committee, which carries the primary weight in the final decision. Winners will be announced on the Encyclopedia platform and journal websites. 4. Others If you have any other questions, please contact office@encyclopedia.pub
Announcement 09 Feb 2026
Academic publishing continues to evolve with the advancement of open science and digital technologies. While journal articles remain a fundamental format for communicating individual research findings, academic books provide researchers with opportunities to explore topics in greater depth, integrate broader perspectives, and present comprehensive knowledge within a dedicated publication format. To support diverse forms of scholarly communication, MDPI has developed MDPI Books, an open access academic book publishing program that enables researchers, editors, and academic communities to share extensive research contributions and educational resources with a global audience. MDPI Books supports MDPI’s mission to foster open scientific exchange, with open access as a key approach for sharing knowledge. The program includes two main publication outputs: Open Access Books and Reprints. Since the publication of the first Reprint in 2013 and the first original Open Access Book in 2017, MDPI Books has continued to expand its publishing portfolio, contributing to the advancement of open access publishing and the dissemination of scholarly knowledge across diverse disciplines. For more information about MDPI Books and available publishing opportunities, please visit https://www.mdpi.com/books/. 1. What Is MDPI Books? MDPI Books publishes academic books across a wide range of disciplines, providing researchers, editors, and academic communities with flexible publishing options for sharing scientific knowledge. The program includes two complementary publication categories: Open Access Books are original academic publications that present comprehensive research studies, educational resources, and specialized knowledge collections. By adopting an open access publishing model, these books enable broader access to scholarly content and support the dissemination of knowledge worldwide. Reprints compile previously published research articles into dedicated book formats. By organizing related studies into structured collections, Reprints provide additional opportunities to increase the visibility and accessibility of published research. Together, Open Access Books and Reprints provide researchers with different approaches to create, share, and preserve scholarly knowledge. 2. Open Access Books Open Access Books published by MDPI Books contain original academic content and provide researchers with opportunities to present comprehensive studies, educational resources, and specialized knowledge collections in a book format. Compared with individual journal articles, academic books allow authors to explore research topics in greater depth, present broader perspectives, and provide more comprehensive discussions of scientific developments. 2.1. Types of Open Access Books MDPI Books supports different types of Open Access Books to accommodate diverse scholarly communication needs. Monograph A monograph is a comprehensive/in-depth contribution to a single scholarly subject, or an aspect of a subject, written by a single or small group of authors. Both short-form (70–110 pages) or full-length monographs are accepted. This also includes PhD monographs based on doctoral theses from all fields. Edited Books Edited books contain chapters usually written by different authors who are experts in their field. The chapters in an edited volume are original works (not republished works). One or more editors are responsible for the book as a whole. Edited volumes present different viewpoints and experiences on a common theme. Textbooks A textbook contains a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch of study with the intention of explaining this branch or a particular sub-branch. It contains detailed information about a subject for people studying that subject. Project Reports A project report is the formalized recording of project progress and project results. PhD Thesis / Dissertations PhD theses can be published open access with MDPI Books, allowing the research to reach a wider audience while maintaining their original academic integrity. They are usually structured into multiple chapters and include a comprehensive literature review, methodology, results, and discussion. They do not undergo traditional external peer review, as they have already been formally evaluated and approved by the author's academic institution as part of the doctoral degree requirements and are clearly declared as PhD theses. Book Series Book series are series of original Open Access Books covering the same subject area. 2.2. Benefits of Open Access Books Open Access Books provide authors and readers with advantages in accessibility, knowledge sharing, and publishing support. Enhanced Accessibility and Discoverability Open access publishing allows scholarly books to reach broader audiences by improving accessibility and removing barriers to knowledge sharing. Through online libraries, indexing services, and metadata dissemination, Open Access Books can achieve greater discoverability and long-term visibility. Published books are available through the MDPI Books Online Library and are indexed through platforms including Google Books, CrossRef, EBSCO, WorldCat, and Scilit. Eligible titles are also submitted to the Web of Science Book Citation Index (BKCI). Comprehensive Knowledge Sharing Academic books provide space for systematic analyses, interdisciplinary discussions, and extensive reviews that may go beyond the scope of individual research articles. By presenting broader perspectives and integrated knowledge, Open Access Books contribute to long-term scientific communication and knowledge development. Author Rights and Publishing Support Authors retain copyright of their work through Creative Commons licensing options. MDPI Books provides support throughout the publication process, including editorial coordination, production services, DOI and ISBN assignment, marketing support, and print-on-demand options. 2.3. Publication Process MDPI Books provides comprehensive support throughout the Open Access Book publishing process, from manuscript submission and initial quality checks to peer review, revision, production, and publication. Following submission, manuscripts undergo an initial assessment, including checks for plagiarism, data integrity, figure permissions, and authorship information. The Editorial Office coordinates peer review and revision processes before accepted manuscripts proceed through professional editing, formatting, typesetting, and proofreading. Published books are freely available online and can also be accessed in print formats through print-on-demand and distribution channels. A complete publication process can typically be completed within approximately 6–12 months, depending on manuscript preparation and review requirements. 3. Reprints In addition to original Open Access Books, MDPI Books provides Reprints, which compile previously published research articles into dedicated book formats. Unlike Open Access Books, which contain original book-length content, Reprints focus on collecting and presenting existing research content. They allow researchers and editors to bring together related articles into thematic collections, extending the reach and visibility of published research beyond the traditional journal format. 3.1. Types of Reprints To facilitate the collection and dissemination of published research, MDPI Books provides several Reprint formats. Journal Collection Reprints Journal Collection Reprints compile articles from MDPI journals, including Special Issues, Topical Collections, Topics, and Proceedings. These collections provide a dedicated book format for completed research collections and are available as digital publications and physical books through print-on-demand services. Custom Selection Reprints Custom Selection Reprints allow tailored collections of published articles to be created according to specific requirements. They can support various purposes, including thematic research collections, teaching resources, institutional publications, conference and academic meeting materials. Article Reprints Article Reprints are professionally produced copies of individual journal articles. They preserve the original layout and typography of published research papers and provide a tangible format for sharing academic achievements. They can support research communication, institutional events, academic promotion, and other professional activities. 3.2. Benefits of Reprints Reprints provide additional opportunities to increase research visibility, organize published studies into focused collections, and support academic communication. Extending Research Visibility By bringing related research articles together into dedicated volumes, Reprints help increase awareness of specific research topics, Special Issues, Topical Collections, and conference contributions. Creating Structured Research Collections Reprints provide a convenient way to organize published studies into cohesive collections, allowing readers to discover related research more efficiently. Supporting Authors, Editors, and Institutions For authors and editors, Reprints provide a lasting representation of research achievements and editorial contributions. For institutions, customized collections can support educational activities, conferences, and academic outreach. 4. Contact For Open Access Books, researchers interested in editing a book volume or book series or in submitting a monograph proposal, can submit a Proposal Form and refer to the Information for Authors for further details. For Reprints, authors, editors, and institutions interested in creating Reprints can contact articlereprints@mdpi.com for further information and support.
Announcement 16 Jul 2026
Journal Encyclopedia
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Peer Reviewed
Encyclopedia 2026, 6(8), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia6080167

Ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) are advanced adsorbents featuring selective recognition cavities for targeted metal ion capture, offering a promising route to high-efficiency separation in extractive metallurgy. In the present work, the evolution, design principles, synthesis strategies, separation mechanisms, and practical applicability of IIPs for metal recovery from complex aqueous matrices are overviewed. Key material components, including functional monomers, crosslinkers, template ions, initiators, solvents, and support materials, are discussed in relation to adsorption capacity, selectivity, kinetics, stability, and recyclability. Major preparation routes, such as surface imprinting, bulk polymerization, in situ polymerization, and sol–gel methods, are critically compared to clarify their advantages and limitations. Recent applications for base metals, precious metals, and rare-earth elements demonstrate that IIPs can achieve high specificity and rapid equilibrium under optimized conditions. However, their translation from simulated solutions to real leachates remains constrained by interfering ions, organic contaminants, mass transfer resistance, incomplete template removal, and matrix complexity. Mitigation strategies, including sample pretreatment, improved polymer architecture, and hybrid supports, are therefore emphasized. Additionally, chemometric modelling, machine learning, or artificial intelligence-assisted design may be implemented to advance the prospects of IIPs in industry. Conclusively, IIPs represent a strong separation platform, yet industrial deployment requires robust validation with real feed streams and scalable regeneration protocols during column operation, as well as under chemically aggressive conditions at scale.

Peer Reviewed
Encyclopedia 2026, 6(8), 166; https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia6080166

The University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI) is a multidimensional self-report instrument designed to assess student engagement in higher education through three interrelated dimensions: behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement. Developed within a hierarchical framework, the USEI provides both dimension-specific scores and an overall indicator of student engagement, supporting research, institutional assessment, and educational quality evaluation across diverse cultural and educational contexts. Student engagement is widely recognized as a key determinant of academic success, persistence, and educational quality in higher education. The University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI) was developed to provide a theoretically grounded and psychometrically sound measure of engagement that captures students’ behavioral, emotional, and cognitive involvement in learning activities. This encyclopedia entry reviews the conceptual foundations, development process, factorial structure, psychometric properties, and applications of the USEI. Evidence from multiple studies indicates that the instrument exhibits satisfactory reliability, construct validity, predictive validity, and measurement invariance across different countries, languages, and educational settings. The USEI has been translated and adapted for use in diverse cultural contexts and has been employed extensively in research examining academic performance, well-being, persistence, and learning environments, including online and blended education. Its brevity, multidimensional structure, and cross-cultural validation have supported its use in educational research and institutional assessment. Overall, the USEI represents a robust and versatile instrument for evaluating student engagement and supporting evidence-based improvements in higher education.

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