2-Minute Neuroscience: The Neuron
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  • Release Date: 2024-05-13
Neuroscience Made Simpler
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Narcolepsy
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Brain Aneurysms
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Bell's Palsy
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Tinnitus
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Ketamine
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Motor Neurons
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Phantom Limb
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10-Minute Neuroscience: Visual Pathways
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10-Minute Neuroscience: Action Potentials
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10-Minute Neuroscience: Synapses
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10-Minute Neuroscience: Neurons
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Tourette Syndrome
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Withdrawal Reflex
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Cerebral Cortex
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Deep Brain Stimulation
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Meningitis
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Corneal Reflex
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2-Minute Neuroscience: CBD
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2-Minute Neuroscience: THC
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Alien Hand Syndrome
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Melatonin
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Psilocybin
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Agonism, Antagonism, & Allosteric Modulation
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2-Minute Neuroscience: LSD
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Beta-Endorphin
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2-Minute Neuroscience: L-DOPA
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Parasympathetic Nervous System
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Sympathetic Nervous System
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Indirect Pathway of the Basal Ganglia
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Direct Pathway of the Basal Ganglia
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Norepinephrine
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Sodium-Potassium Pump
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Electroencephalography (EEG)
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Trochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve IV)
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Oculomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III)
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Touch Receptors
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Hypoglossal Nerve (Cranial Nerve XII)
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Accessory Nerve (Cranial Nerve XI)
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Prefrontal Cortex
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Vagus Nerve (Cranial Nerve X)
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Phototransduction
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Methadone
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Nicotine
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Abducens Nerve (Cranial Nerve VI)
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Concussions
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V)
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Opioids
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Pons
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2-Minute Neuroscience: The Hippocampus
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2-Minute Neuroscience: The Brainstem
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2-Minute Neuroscience: The Meninges
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2-Minute Neuroscience: The Ventricles
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Directional Terms in Neuroscience
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Spinal Cord Cross-Section
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Early Neural Development
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2-Minute Neuroscience: Receptors & Ligands
2-Minute Neuroscience: Receptors & Ligands
2-Minute Neuroscience: Lobes/Landmarks of the Brain Surface
2-Minute Neuroscience: Lobes/Landmarks of the Brain Surface
2-Minute Neuroscience: Divisions of the Nervous System
2-Minute Neuroscience: Divisions of the Nervous System
2-Minute Neuroscience: Action Potential
2-Minute Neuroscience: Action Potential
2-Minute Neuroscience: Membrane Potential
2-Minute Neuroscience: Membrane Potential
2-Minute Neuroscience: Synaptic Transmission
2-Minute Neuroscience: Synaptic Transmission
2-Minute Neuroscience: The Neuron
2-Minute Neuroscience: The Neuron
Playlist
  • brain
  • nervous system
  • neuron
  • dendrites
  • axon
Video Introduction

This video is adapted from: https://youtu.be/6qS83wD29PY

This is a brain. Estimates vary but right now the best guess seems to be that our brains contain around 85 billion neurons. The neuron is a nerve cell and is the primary functional unit of the nervous system. This is a generic image of a neuron. Neurons actually come in all shapes and sizes but is the prototypical version of a neuron that you’ll often see in a textbook. These structures extending from the left side of a neuron that look a little bit like tree branches are called dendrites. 

Dendrites are the area where neurons receive most of their information. There are receptors on dendrites that are designed to pick up signals from other neurons that come in the form of chemicals called neurotransmitters. Those signals picked up by dendrites cause electrical changes in a neuron that are interpreted in an area called the soma or the cell body. The soma contains the nucleus. The nucleus contains the DNA or genetic material of the cell. The soma takes all the information from the dendrites and puts it together in an area called the axon hillock. If the signal coming from the dendrites is strong enough then a signal is sent to the next part of the neuron called the axon. At this point the signal is called an action potential.

The action potential travels down the axon which is covered with myelin, an insulatory material that helps to prevent the signal from degrading. The last step for the action potential is the axon terminals, also known as synaptic boutons. When the signal reaches the axon terminals it can cause the release of neurotransmitter. These purple structures represent the dendrites of another neuron. When a neurotransmitter is released from axon terminals, it interacts with receptors on the dendrites of the next neuron, and then the process repeats with the next neuron. [1]

References
  1. Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, Lamantia AS, McNamara JO, White LE. Neuroscience. 4th ed. Sunderland, MA. Sinauer Associates; 2008.
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Challenged, N. 2-Minute Neuroscience: The Neuron. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/1258 (accessed on 30 December 2024).
Challenged N. 2-Minute Neuroscience: The Neuron. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/1258. Accessed December 30, 2024.
Challenged, Neuroscientifically. "2-Minute Neuroscience: The Neuron" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/1258 (accessed December 30, 2024).
Challenged, N. (2024, May 13). 2-Minute Neuroscience: The Neuron. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/1258
Challenged, Neuroscientifically. "2-Minute Neuroscience: The Neuron." Encyclopedia. Web. 13 May, 2024.
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