2-Minute Neuroscience: Methadone

Subjects: Neurosciences
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Neuroscientifically Challenged

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Release Date: 2024-04-02

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opioid use disorder
addiction
opioid receptors
morphine
pain-relieving effect
drugs

Video Introduction

This video is adapted from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dw6laQ4-Zgs

Methadone is best known for its use in the treatment of opioid addiction, although it can also be used for treating chronic pain. It’s usually administered by mouth in the form of a liquid, pill, or sublingual tablet. Methadone’s primary mechanism of action is as an agonist at opioid receptors. In other words, it activates opioid receptors similar to the way other opioid drugs like morphine would. It also acts as an antagonist, or blocks, NMDA glutamate receptors, which is thought to contribute to its pain-relieving effects.

Because it has a similar mechanism of action to other opioids, methadone causes enough stimulation of opioid receptors to reduce cravings for other opioid drugs and to prevent a patient from experiencing withdrawal symptoms. Unlike most other opioids, however, methadone typically only has to be administered once a day to achieve these effects. Additionally, methadone occupies opioid receptor binding sites, which diminishes any effect administration of another opioid might have, further discouraging someone from using other opioid drugs while taking methadone. Altogether, methadone’s pharmacological action lowers the likelihood a patient will abuse other opioid drugs.

Since methadone has a similar mechanism of action to other opioids, patients also often become dependent on methadone, and some may need to take the drug for a prolonged period of time, or even for the rest of their life. Because the drug is administered by a medical professional, however, doses can be controlled, and the risk of fatal and nonfatal overdose for someone on methadone is much lower than for someone who continues abusing opioids. Additionally, methadone treatment is associated with a reduction in intravenous drug use, and thus a lower risk of contracting blood-borne diseases like HIV. ^[1]^[2]

References

Blanco C1, Volkow ND2. Management of opioid use disorder in the USA: present status and future directions. Lancet. 2019 Apr 27;393(10182):1760-1772. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33078-2. Epub 2019 Mar 14.
Salsitz E1, Wiegand T2. Pharmacotherapy of Opioid Addiction: "Putting a Real Face on a False Demon". J Med Toxicol. 2016 Mar;12(1):58-63. doi: 10.1007/s13181-015-0517-5.

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Name: 2-Minute Neuroscience: Methadone
Uploaded: 2024-04-03T01:21:54+01:00
Description: Methadone is best known for its use in the treatment of opioid addiction, although it can also be used for treating chronic pain

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Challenged, N. 2-Minute Neuroscience: Methadone. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/1140 (accessed on 21 December 2024).

Challenged N. 2-Minute Neuroscience: Methadone. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/1140. Accessed December 21, 2024.

Challenged, Neuroscientifically. "2-Minute Neuroscience: Methadone" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/1140 (accessed December 21, 2024).

Challenged, N. (2024, April 02). 2-Minute Neuroscience: Methadone. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/1140

Challenged, Neuroscientifically. "2-Minute Neuroscience: Methadone." Encyclopedia. Web. 02 April, 2024.