Neurodegeneration poses a significant challenge for the fields of neuroscience and medicine, as it is the underlying cause of the development and advancement of numerous neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders ^[1][2][3]. It encompasses the progressive decay and loss of neurons across various levels of organization, ranging from molecular to network levels ^[4][5][6][7]. Onset can manifest at various life stages, ranging from early phases, as observed in neurodevelopmental disorders, to later stages, exemplified by conditions like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) ^[8][9][10]. Neurodegeneration has the potential to impact cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions, as well as the neural mechanisms associated with consciousness and attention ^[11][12][13]. Hence, comprehending the mechanisms and repercussions of neurodegeneration is imperative in order to identify risk factors, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets ^[14][15][16]. Nevertheless, the existing therapies for neurodegenerative disorders primarily address alleviate symptoms but are largely inadequate in terms of efficacy. Hence, there is a requirement for new and inventive methods, such as non-invasive brain stimulation, that can regulate neural activity and plasticity in a secure and reversible manner ^{[17][18][19][20][21]}. The field is rapidly evolving, with a focus on identifying new avenues of clinical research, elucidating potential mechanisms for the therapeutic effects of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) and exploring the potential synergy between different stimulation protocols and pharmacological interventions ^{[22][23][24][25][26][27]}.