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2-Minute Neuroscience: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
- Subjects: Neurosciences
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- chronic traumatic encephalopathy
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Video Introduction
This video is adapted from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1mt2YDiVKc
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE, is a neurological condition linked primarily to repetitive head trauma. In this video, I discuss what happens in the brain during CTE. [1][2][3][4]
For an article (on my website) that discusses CTE more in-depth, click this link: Know Your Brain: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) (neuroscientificallychallenged.com)
TRANSCRIPT:
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE, is a neurological condition linked primarily to repetitive head trauma. Most cases of CTE occur in those who play sports where head injuries are common, but anyone who has experienced repeated head trauma is at risk. CTE symptoms generally begin to appear years after head trauma and may include: memory deficits and other cognitive impairment, abnormal behavior such as paranoia, aggression and impulsivity, mood disturbances such as depression, and movement problems such as tremor and other symptoms similar to those seen in Parkinson’s disease. In most cases, CTE is a progressive condition that gets worse over time.
Although the pathology of CTE in the brain is not fully understood, a common feature of CTE involves a protein called tau that’s normally involved in maintaining the structure of the cell. In CTE, tau proteins accumulate in neurons and other cells like astrocytes to form abnormal clusters or aggregates. The tau aggregates are called neurofibrillary tangles when they form in neurons and astrocytic or glial tangles when they form in astrocytes. The role of tau aggregates in disease progression is still not fully understood, but it’s thought they can disrupt cellular communication, and their presence is associated with the degeneration and death of neurons. They also seem to be able to spread throughout the brain, so a neuron that develops neurofibrillary tangles may cause surrounding neurons to develop them as well.
Initially, tau aggregates primarily form close to the surface of the cerebral cortex, but as the disease progresses they spread throughout the cortex and to other areas of the brain like the hippocampus, amygdala, and various other regions. The spread of the tau pathology is correlated with other degenerative signs, such as general atrophy of the brain, severe neuronal loss in areas such as the hippocampus and amygdala, and less substantial neuronal loss in a number of other brain regions.
References
- Asken BM, Sullan MJ, DeKosky ST, Jaffee MS, Bauer RM. Research Gaps and Controversies in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Review. JAMA Neurol. 2017 Oct 1;74(10):1255-1262. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.2396. PMID: 28975240.
- Baugh CM, Stamm JM, Riley DO, Gavett BE, Shenton ME, Lin A, Nowinski CJ, Cantu RC, McKee AC, Stern RA. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: neurodegeneration following repetitive concussive and subconcussive brain trauma. Brain Imaging Behav. 2012 Jun;6(2):244-54. doi: 10.1007/s11682-012-9164-5. PMID: 22552850.
- McKee AC, Stern RA, Nowinski CJ, Stein TD, Alvarez VE, Daneshvar DH, Lee HS, Wojtowicz SM, Hall G, Baugh CM, Riley DO, Kubilus CA, Cormier KA, Jacobs MA, Martin BR, Abraham CR, Ikezu T, Reichard RR, Wolozin BL, Budson AE, Goldstein LE, Kowall NW, Cantu RC. The spectrum of disease in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Brain. 2013 Jan;136(Pt 1):43-64. doi: 10.1093/brain/aws307. Epub 2012 Dec 2. Erratum in: Brain. 2013 Oct;136(Pt 10):e255. PMID: 23208308; PMCID: PMC3624697.
- Montenigro PH, Corp DT, Stein TD, Cantu RC, Stern RA. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: historical origins and current perspective. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2015;11:309-30. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112814. Epub 2015 Jan 12. PMID: 25581233.
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Challenged, N. 2-Minute Neuroscience: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/989 (accessed on 21 December 2024).
Challenged N. 2-Minute Neuroscience: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/989. Accessed December 21, 2024.
Challenged, Neuroscientifically. "2-Minute Neuroscience: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/989 (accessed December 21, 2024).
Challenged, N. (2023, November 22). 2-Minute Neuroscience: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/989
Challenged, Neuroscientifically. "2-Minute Neuroscience: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy." Encyclopedia. Web. 22 November, 2023.
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