2-Minute Neuroscience: Amphetamine
  • View Times: 0
  • |
  • Release Date: 2024-04-03
Neuroscience Made Simpler
2-Minute Neuroscience: Zolpidem (Ambien)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Zolpidem (Ambien)
10-Minute Neuroscience: Depression
10-Minute Neuroscience: Depression
2-Minute Neuroscience: Sleepwalking
2-Minute Neuroscience: Sleepwalking
2-Minute Neuroscience: Vertigo
2-Minute Neuroscience: Vertigo
2-Minute Neuroscience: Migraine
2-Minute Neuroscience: Migraine
2-Minute Neuroscience: Methylphenidate
2-Minute Neuroscience: Methylphenidate
2-Minute Neuroscience: DMT
2-Minute Neuroscience: DMT
2-Minute Neuroscience: Cochlear Implants
2-Minute Neuroscience: Cochlear Implants
2-Minute Neuroscience: Frontotemporal Dementia
2-Minute Neuroscience: Frontotemporal Dementia
2-Minute Neuroscience: Spina Bifida
2-Minute Neuroscience: Spina Bifida
2-Minute Neuroscience: Sleep Paralysis
2-Minute Neuroscience: Sleep Paralysis
2-Minute Neuroscience: Fatal Insomnia
2-Minute Neuroscience: Fatal Insomnia
2-Minute Neuroscience: PTSD
2-Minute Neuroscience: PTSD
2-Minute Neuroscience: Schizophrenia
2-Minute Neuroscience: Schizophrenia
2-Minute Neuroscience: COVID-19 & the Brain
2-Minute Neuroscience: COVID-19 & the Brain
2-Minute Neuroscience: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
2-Minute Neuroscience: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
2-Minute Neuroscience: ADHD
2-Minute Neuroscience: ADHD
2-Minute Neuroscience: Restless Legs Syndrome
2-Minute Neuroscience: Restless Legs Syndrome
2-Minute Neuroscience: Autism
2-Minute Neuroscience: Autism
2-Minute Neuroscience: Narcolepsy
2-Minute Neuroscience: Narcolepsy
2-Minute Neuroscience: MDMA
2-Minute Neuroscience: MDMA
2-Minute Neuroscience: Brain Aneurysms
2-Minute Neuroscience: Brain Aneurysms
2-Minute Neuroscience: Bell's Palsy
2-Minute Neuroscience: Bell's Palsy
2-Minute Neuroscience: Tinnitus
2-Minute Neuroscience: Tinnitus
2-Minute Neuroscience: Ketamine
2-Minute Neuroscience: Ketamine
2-Minute Neuroscience: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
2-Minute Neuroscience: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
2-Minute Neuroscience: Motor Neurons
2-Minute Neuroscience: Motor Neurons
2-Minute Neuroscience: Phantom Limb
2-Minute Neuroscience: Phantom Limb
10-Minute Neuroscience: Visual Pathways
10-Minute Neuroscience: Visual Pathways
10-Minute Neuroscience: Action Potentials
10-Minute Neuroscience: Action Potentials
10-Minute Neuroscience: Synapses
10-Minute Neuroscience: Synapses
10-Minute Neuroscience: Neurons
10-Minute Neuroscience: Neurons
2-Minute Neuroscience: Tourette Syndrome
2-Minute Neuroscience: Tourette Syndrome
2-Minute Neuroscience: Withdrawal Reflex
2-Minute Neuroscience: Withdrawal Reflex
2-Minute Neuroscience: Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
2-Minute Neuroscience: Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
2-Minute Neuroscience: Cerebral Cortex
2-Minute Neuroscience: Cerebral Cortex
2-Minute Neuroscience: Deep Brain Stimulation
2-Minute Neuroscience: Deep Brain Stimulation
2-Minute Neuroscience: Meningitis
2-Minute Neuroscience: Meningitis
2-Minute Neuroscience: Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
2-Minute Neuroscience: Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
2-Minute Neuroscience: Corneal Reflex
2-Minute Neuroscience: Corneal Reflex
2-Minute Neuroscience: CBD
2-Minute Neuroscience: CBD
2-Minute Neuroscience: THC
2-Minute Neuroscience: THC
2-Minute Neuroscience: Alien Hand Syndrome
2-Minute Neuroscience: Alien Hand Syndrome
2-Minute Neuroscience: Melatonin
2-Minute Neuroscience: Melatonin
2-Minute Neuroscience: Psilocybin
2-Minute Neuroscience: Psilocybin
2-Minute Neuroscience: Agonism, Antagonism, & Allosteric Modulation
2-Minute Neuroscience: Agonism, Antagonism, & Allosteric Modulation
2-Minute Neuroscience: LSD
2-Minute Neuroscience: LSD
2-Minute Neuroscience: Beta-Endorphin
2-Minute Neuroscience: Beta-Endorphin
2-Minute Neuroscience: L-DOPA
2-Minute Neuroscience: L-DOPA
2-Minute Neuroscience: Parasympathetic Nervous System
2-Minute Neuroscience: Parasympathetic Nervous System
2-Minute Neuroscience: Sympathetic Nervous System
2-Minute Neuroscience: Sympathetic Nervous System
2-Minute Neuroscience: Indirect Pathway of the Basal Ganglia
2-Minute Neuroscience: Indirect Pathway of the Basal Ganglia
2-Minute Neuroscience: Direct Pathway of the Basal Ganglia
2-Minute Neuroscience: Direct Pathway of the Basal Ganglia
2-Minute Neuroscience: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Norepinephrine
2-Minute Neuroscience: Norepinephrine
2-Minute Neuroscience: Sodium-Potassium Pump
2-Minute Neuroscience: Sodium-Potassium Pump
2-Minute Neuroscience: Electroencephalography (EEG)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Electroencephalography (EEG)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Trochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve IV)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Trochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve IV)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Oculomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Oculomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Touch Receptors
2-Minute Neuroscience: Touch Receptors
2-Minute Neuroscience: Hypoglossal Nerve (Cranial Nerve XII)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Hypoglossal Nerve (Cranial Nerve XII)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Accessory Nerve (Cranial Nerve XI)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Accessory Nerve (Cranial Nerve XI)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Prefrontal Cortex
2-Minute Neuroscience: Prefrontal Cortex
2-Minute Neuroscience: Vagus Nerve (Cranial Nerve X)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Vagus Nerve (Cranial Nerve X)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Phototransduction
2-Minute Neuroscience: Phototransduction
2-Minute Neuroscience: Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Methadone
2-Minute Neuroscience: Methadone
2-Minute Neuroscience: Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Nicotine
2-Minute Neuroscience: Nicotine
2-Minute Neuroscience: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Abducens Nerve (Cranial Nerve VI)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Abducens Nerve (Cranial Nerve VI)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Concussions
2-Minute Neuroscience: Concussions
2-Minute Neuroscience: Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Opioids
2-Minute Neuroscience: Opioids
2-Minute Neuroscience: Optic Nerve (Cranial Nerve II)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Optic Nerve (Cranial Nerve II)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Brain Tumors
2-Minute Neuroscience: Brain Tumors
2-Minute Neuroscience: Glial Cells
2-Minute Neuroscience: Glial Cells
2-Minute Neuroscience: Stages of Sleep
2-Minute Neuroscience: Stages of Sleep
2-Minute Neuroscience: HPA Axis
2-Minute Neuroscience: HPA Axis
2-Minute Neuroscience: Huntington's Disease
2-Minute Neuroscience: Huntington's Disease
2-Minute Neuroscience: Amphetamine
2-Minute Neuroscience: Amphetamine
2-Minute Neuroscience: Corpus Callosum
2-Minute Neuroscience: Corpus Callosum
2-Minute Neuroscience: Pons
2-Minute Neuroscience: Pons
2-Minute Neuroscience: Parkinson's Disease
2-Minute Neuroscience: Parkinson's Disease
2-Minute Neuroscience: Hydrocephalus
2-Minute Neuroscience: Hydrocephalus
2-Minute Neuroscience: Dopamine
2-Minute Neuroscience: Dopamine
2-Minute Neuroscience: Stroke
2-Minute Neuroscience: Stroke
2-Minute Neuroscience: Glutamate
2-Minute Neuroscience: Glutamate
2-Minute Neuroscience: Blood Supply of the Brain
2-Minute Neuroscience: Blood Supply of the Brain
2-Minute Neuroscience: Neurotransmitter Release
2-Minute Neuroscience: Neurotransmitter Release
2-Minute Neuroscience: Serotonin
2-Minute Neuroscience: Serotonin
2-Minute Neuroscience: Oxytocin
2-Minute Neuroscience: Oxytocin
2-Minute Neuroscience: Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Wernicke's Area
2-Minute Neuroscience: Wernicke's Area
2-Minute Neuroscience: Broca's Area
2-Minute Neuroscience: Broca's Area
2-Minute Neuroscience: Acetylcholine
2-Minute Neuroscience: Acetylcholine
2-Minute Neuroscience: GABA
2-Minute Neuroscience: GABA
2-Minute Neuroscience: Taste
2-Minute Neuroscience: Taste
2-Minute Neuroscience: Alcohol
2-Minute Neuroscience: Alcohol
2-Minute Neuroscience: Olfaction
2-Minute Neuroscience: Olfaction
2-Minute Neuroscience: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Midbrain
2-Minute Neuroscience: Midbrain
2-Minute Neuroscience: Periaqueductal Gray (PAG)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Periaqueductal Gray (PAG)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Benzodiazepines
2-Minute Neuroscience: Benzodiazepines
2-Minute Neuroscience: Caffeine
2-Minute Neuroscience: Caffeine
2-Minute Neuroscience: Long-Term Depression (LTD)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Long-Term Depression (LTD)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Pineal Gland
2-Minute Neuroscience: Pineal Gland
2-Minute Neuroscience: Primary Somatosensory Cortex
2-Minute Neuroscience: Primary Somatosensory Cortex
2-Minute Neuroscience: Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
2-Minute Neuroscience: Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
2-Minute Neuroscience: Nucleus Accumbens
2-Minute Neuroscience: Nucleus Accumbens
2-Minute Neuroscience: Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA)
2-Minute Neuroscience: Medulla Oblongata
2-Minute Neuroscience: Medulla Oblongata
2-Minute Neuroscience: Vestibular System
2-Minute Neuroscience: Vestibular System
2-Minute Neuroscience: Amygdala
2-Minute Neuroscience: Amygdala
2-Minute Neuroscience: Striatum
2-Minute Neuroscience: Striatum
2-Minute Neuroscience: Epilepsy
2-Minute Neuroscience: Epilepsy
2-Minute Neuroscience: Multiple Sclerosis
2-Minute Neuroscience: Multiple Sclerosis
2-Minute Neuroscience: Alzheimer's Disease
2-Minute Neuroscience: Alzheimer's Disease
2-Minute Neuroscience: Neuromuscular Junction
2-Minute Neuroscience: Neuromuscular Junction
2-Minute Neuroscience: Knee-Jerk Reflex
2-Minute Neuroscience: Knee-Jerk Reflex
2-Minute Neuroscience: Substantia Nigra
2-Minute Neuroscience: Substantia Nigra
2-Minute Neuroscience: Corticospinal Tract
2-Minute Neuroscience: Corticospinal Tract
2-Minute Neuroscience: Basal Ganglia
2-Minute Neuroscience: Basal Ganglia
2-Minute Neuroscience: Motor Cortex
2-Minute Neuroscience: Motor Cortex
2-Minute Neuroscience: Cerebellum
2-Minute Neuroscience: Cerebellum
2-Minute Neuroscience: Effects of Cocaine
2-Minute Neuroscience: Effects of Cocaine
2-Minute Neuroscience: Blood-Brain Barrier
2-Minute Neuroscience: Blood-Brain Barrier
2-Minute Neuroscience: Myelin
2-Minute Neuroscience: Myelin
2-Minute Neuroscience: Pain and the Anterolateral System
2-Minute Neuroscience: Pain and the Anterolateral System
2-Minute Neuroscience: Touch and the Dorsal Columns-Medial Lemniscus
2-Minute Neuroscience: Touch and the Dorsal Columns-Medial Lemniscus
2-Minute Neuroscience: The Cochlea
2-Minute Neuroscience: The Cochlea
2-Minute Neuroscience: The Retina
2-Minute Neuroscience: The Retina
2-Minute Neuroscience: The Hippocampus
2-Minute Neuroscience: The Hippocampus
2-Minute Neuroscience: The Thalamus
2-Minute Neuroscience: The Thalamus
2-Minute Neuroscience: The Brainstem
2-Minute Neuroscience: The Brainstem
2-Minute Neuroscience: The Meninges
2-Minute Neuroscience: The Meninges
2-Minute Neuroscience: The Ventricles
2-Minute Neuroscience: The Ventricles
2-Minute Neuroscience: Directional Terms in Neuroscience
2-Minute Neuroscience: Directional Terms in Neuroscience
2-Minute Neuroscience: Spinal Cord Cross-Section
2-Minute Neuroscience: Spinal Cord Cross-Section
2-Minute Neuroscience: Exterior of the Spinal Cord
2-Minute Neuroscience: Exterior of the Spinal Cord
2-Minute Neuroscience: Reward System
2-Minute Neuroscience: Reward System
2-Minute Neuroscience: Limbic System
2-Minute Neuroscience: Limbic System
2-Minute Neuroscience: Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland
2-Minute Neuroscience: Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland
2-Minute Neuroscience: Neuroimaging
2-Minute Neuroscience: Neuroimaging
2-Minute Neuroscience: Early Neural Development
2-Minute Neuroscience: Early Neural Development
2-Minute Neuroscience: Receptors & Ligands
2-Minute Neuroscience: Receptors & Ligands
2-Minute Neuroscience: Lobes/Landmarks of the Brain Surface
2-Minute Neuroscience: Lobes/Landmarks of the Brain Surface
2-Minute Neuroscience: Divisions of the Nervous System
2-Minute Neuroscience: Divisions of the Nervous System
2-Minute Neuroscience: Action Potential
2-Minute Neuroscience: Action Potential
2-Minute Neuroscience: Membrane Potential
2-Minute Neuroscience: Membrane Potential
2-Minute Neuroscience: Synaptic Transmission
2-Minute Neuroscience: Synaptic Transmission
2-Minute Neuroscience: The Neuron
2-Minute Neuroscience: The Neuron
Playlist
  • stimulant drug
  • ADHD
  • brain
  • neuron
  • central nervous system
Video Introduction

This video is adapted from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5fYetx-UNEI

Amphetamine is a stimulant drug used mainly in the treatment of ADHD. Several popular drugs, like Adderall, primarily contain amphetamine.

Although we don’t have a full understanding of the effects of amphetamine on the brain, there are some aspects of its pharmacology that are well established. Amphetamine binds to the transporter proteins for monoamines like dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin and then can be taken up into neurons via these transporter proteins. Once inside the neuron, amphetamine disrupts the storage of monoamines in synaptic vesicles. One way it does this is by inhibiting a protein called vesicular monoamine transporter 2, or VMAT2, whose normal role is to transport monoamines into vesicles. Inhibition of VMAT2 leads to higher levels of these neurotransmitters in the neuron.

Through a mechanism or mechanisms that are still not fully understood, amphetamine is then able to cause the monoamine transporter proteins to run in reverse, leading to the increased release of monoamines---especially dopamine and norepinephrine---and increased levels of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. These elevated monoamine levels can have various effects on different parts of the central nervous system. Increased dopamine levels in the reward system, for example, may contribute to the reinforcing effects of amphetamine use.

Although the primary action of amphetamine is to cause the increased release of monoamines, there are various other mechanisms that may contribute to the effects of the drug. For example, amphetamine also competes with monoamines for reuptake into the neuron, in effect inhibiting reuptake. And it may inhibit the activity of monoamine oxidase, an enzyme that metabolizes monoamines. The effect of both of these actions is to additionally increase levels of monoamines in the neuron and the synaptic cleft.[1]

References
  1. David J Heal, Sharon L Smith, Jane Gosden, and David J Nutt. Amphetamine, past and present – a pharmacological and clinical perspective. J Psychopharmacol. 2013 Jun; 27(6): 479–496. doi: 10.1177/0269881113482532
Full Transcript
1000/1000
Hot Most Recent
©Text is available under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons-Attribution ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) license; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy.

Confirm

Are you sure to Delete?
Yes No
Cite
If you have any further questions, please contact Encyclopedia Editorial Office.
Challenged, N. 2-Minute Neuroscience: Amphetamine. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/1155 (accessed on 21 December 2024).
Challenged N. 2-Minute Neuroscience: Amphetamine. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/1155. Accessed December 21, 2024.
Challenged, Neuroscientifically. "2-Minute Neuroscience: Amphetamine" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/1155 (accessed December 21, 2024).
Challenged, N. (2024, April 03). 2-Minute Neuroscience: Amphetamine. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/1155
Challenged, Neuroscientifically. "2-Minute Neuroscience: Amphetamine." Encyclopedia. Web. 03 April, 2024.
Video Production Service
Feedback