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Topic Review
Role of Akkermansia in IBD and Cancer
Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) represents approximately 1–3% of the total gut microbiota in healthy people; it is a non-motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, oval-shaped bacterium belonging to the Verrucomicrobia phylum, and it is the first and only member of the phylum Verrucomicrobia found in the human gut. Its key features are the ability to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs, energy source for colonocytes and anti-inflammatory molecules), to promote mucin turnover and thickening thereby reinforcing the intestinal barrier and to interact with host receptors with its exposed active molecules thus influencing inflammation and metabolism. A. muciniphila can be used as a biomarker of a healthy host metabolic profile and that its depletion represents a signature of intestinal dysbiosis across different gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases as inflammatory bowel disease and some cancer types. The molecular mechanism beneath the action of this bacteria in the abovementioned diseases and how A. Muciniphila can modulate the response to both conventional and targeted cancer therapy are explored. 
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Relationship between Critical Thinking and the Halo Effect
During the process of recruiting suitable job candidates for a corporation, HR managers play a pivotal role. However, several factors influence HR managers when making these crucial hiring decisions. One such factor is the halo effect. However, the halo effect can be reduced through deliberate and systematic cognitive processing. 
  • 1.6K
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
L19-TNF
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is used as a pro-inflammatory payload to trigger haemorrhagic necrosis and boost anti-cancer immunity at the tumor site. There is  a depotentiated version of TNF (carrying the single point mutation I97A), which displayed reduced binding affinity to its cognate receptor tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR-1) and lower biocidal activity. 
  • 1.6K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Puppet
In computing, Puppet is a software configuration management tool which includes its own declarative language to describe system configuration. It is a model-driven solution that requires limited programming knowledge to use. Puppet is produced by Puppet, Inc, founded by Luke Kanies in 2005. Its primary product, Puppet Enterprise, is a proprietary and closed-source version of its open-source Puppet software. They use Puppet's declarative language to manage stages of the IT infrastructure lifecycle, including the provisioning, patching, configuration, and management of operating system and application components in data centers and cloud infrastructures. Puppet uses an open-core model; its free-software version was released under version 2 of the GNU General Public License (GPL) until version 2.7.0, and later releases use the Apache License, while Puppet Enterprise uses a proprietary license. Puppet and Puppet Enterprise operate on multiple Unix-like systems (including Linux, Solaris, BSD, Mac OS X, AIX, HP-UX) and has Microsoft Windows support. Puppet itself is written in Ruby, while Facter is written in C++, and Puppet Server and Puppet DB are written in Clojure.
  • 1.6K
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Friction Behavior of Rough Surfaces on Contact Mechanics
Contact and friction are closely related to the engineering industry, especially in the technologies associated with rolling bearing, wheel–rail control, head–disk interaction and so on. Therefore, which factors are related to the contact mechanical properties of solid surface and how to design and control the interface friction coefficient are hot issues in scientific research and engineering practice. In fact, the contact behavior and friction properties are closely related to the microstructure of the contact surface. Based on the accurate characterizations of the surface topography, the corresponding research can start from the local contact model, investigating the contact and friction relationships of each contact asperity of the rough surface, and finally accurately predicting the contact relationships and friction performances of the interfaces. 
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Docking Analysis in Research for Novel Enzyme Inhibitors
Approaches for increasing effectiveness of docking analysis in Prediction of inhibitory potency of small molecules, emphasizing in selection of appropriate enzyme 3D-structure and in calculation of probability of binding factors, based on docking analysis to the target site and to the whole enzyme.
  • 1.6K
  • 22 Jan 2025
Topic Review
Mammalian Aquaporins
Mammalian aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane channels expressed in a large variety of cells and tissues throughout the body. They are known as water channels, but they also facilitate the transport of small solutes, gasses, and monovalent cations. To date, 13 different AQPs, encoded by the genes AQP0–AQP12, have been identified in mammals, which regulate various important biological functions in kidney, brain, lung, digestive system, eye, and skin. Consequently, dysfunction of AQPs is involved in a wide variety of disorders. AQPs are also present in the heart, even with a specific distribution pattern in cardiomyocytes, but whether their presence is essential for proper (electro)physiological cardiac function has not intensively been studied. In a recent review published in Int. J. Mol. Sci. (https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20082039), we summarizes recent findings and highlights the involvement of AQPs in normal and pathological cardiac function. We conclude that AQPs are at least implicated in proper cardiac water homeostasis and energy balance as well as heart failure and arsenic cardiotoxicity. However, our review also demonstrates that many effects of cardiac AQPs, especially on excitation-contraction coupling processes, are virtually unexplored.
  • 1.6K
  • 06 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Encapsulation of Lipid-Soluble Bioactives
Lipid-soluble bioactives, such as vitamins A, E, D and K, carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and essential oils, are important nutrients in foods. However, their addition in food formulations, is often limited by limited solubility and high tendency for oxidation. Among the different encapsulation technologies, nanoemulsions are one of the most promising for protecting lipid-soluble bioactives.
  • 1.6K
  • 25 Oct 2020
Topic Review
RBUD
RBUD, read-based metagenomics profiling for unestablished database, is a new functional potential analysis approach for whole microbial genome shotgun sequencing. Based on whole metagenome shotgun sequencing data, it can be used to analysis microbial species and functions, especially for the study without relevant reference database. RBUD method is optimized by omitting the steps of contigs assembly and ORF prediction which improves the utilization of sequencing data and shortens the time of data analysis. In addition, RBUD method includes the steps of establishing databases of microorganisms from different sources to expand its application, which is a great help for small-sample research and can avoid the lack of reference database. By compared RBUD with the existing methods in practical applications, RBUD has great advantages in both species and functional analysis.
  • 1.6K
  • 21 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Mitotane Lipid Nanocarriers and Enantiomers
Emerging studies suggested that the S-(-)-mitotane is more potent than the R-(+)-mitotane for AdrenoCortical Carcinoma (ACC) treatment. Currently, mitotane is the only FDA-approved drug . Therefore, we suggest that the production of pure and active S-(-)-mitotane might offer synergic or additive benefits for ACC patients, and even better if combined to solid lipid-based nanocarriers, and smart/advanced nanocarriers. 
  • 1.6K
  • 08 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Myotendinous Junctions
The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is the muscle-tendon interface and constitutes an integrated mechanical unit to force transmission. Joint immobilization promotes muscle atrophy via disuse, while physical exercise can be used as an adaptative stimulus. In this study, we aimed to investigate the components of the MTJ and their adaptations and the associated elements triggered with aquatic training after joint immobilization. Forty-four male Wistar rats were divided into sedentary (SD), aquatic training (AT), immobilization (IM), and immobilization/aquatic training (IMAT) groups. The samples were processed to measure fiber area, nuclear fractal dimension, MTJ nuclear density, identification of telocytes, sarcomeres, and MTJ perimeter length. In the AT group, the maintenance of ultrastructure and elements in the MTJ region were observed; the IM group presented muscle atrophy effects with reduced MTJ perimeter; the IMAT group demonstrated that aquatic training after joint immobilization promotes benefits in the muscle fiber area and fractal dimension, in the MTJ region shows longer sarcomeres and MTJ perimeter. We identified the presence of telocytes in the MTJ region in all experimental groups. We concluded that aquatic training is an effective rehabilitation method after joint immobilization due to reduced muscle atrophy and regeneration effects on MTJ in rats.
  • 1.6K
  • 20 Jul 2021
Topic Review
American Ginseng
Panax quinquefolium L. (American Ginseng, AG) is an herb characteristic for regions of North America and Asia. Nowadays, it is one of the most commonly applied medical herbs worldwide. Active compounds of AG are ginsenosides, saponins of the glycosides group that are abundant in roots, leaves, stem, and fruits of the plant. Ginsenosides are suggested to be primarily responsible for health-beneficial effects of AG. AG acts on the nervous system; it was reported to improve the cognitive function in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, display anxiolytic activity, and neuroprotective effects against neuronal damage resulting from ischemic stroke in animals, demonstrate anxiolytic activity, and induce neuroprotective effects against neuronal damage in ischemic stroke in animals.
  • 1.6K
  • 23 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Heteroaromatic N-Oxides in Asymmetric Catalysis
Chiral heteroaromatic N-oxides can work as powerful electron-pair donors, providing suitable electronic environments in the transition state formed within the reaction. The nucleophilicity of the oxygen atom in N-oxides, coupled with a high affinity of silicon to oxygen, represent ideal properties for the development of synthetic methodology based on nucleophilic activation of organosilicon reagents.
  • 1.6K
  • 28 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Silica Nanoparticles
Silica nanoparticles (NPs) can be categorized into two main groups: solid (non-porous) silica NPs and porous silica NPs. The latter can be further subdivided according to the size of their pores, being mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) the most studied category among porous silica NPs. 
  • 1.6K
  • 23 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Regulation of Gastric Function
The nervous system, and endocrine system collaborate in the digestive system to control gastric secretions, and motility associated with the movement of food throughout the gastrointestinal tract, including peristalsis, and segmentation contractions. Gastric activity involved in digestion is divided into three stages known as the cephalic phase, the gastric phase, and the intestinal phase. These phases overlap and all three can occur simultaneously. A fourth phase of acid secretion is known as the basal state which occurs in the times between meals (interdigestive phase). The level of acid secretion during these times is regulated by body weight, individual, number of parietal cells, and time of day. Acid secretion is lowest in the morning before awakening and highest at night.
  • 1.6K
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
DNN
DNN Platform (formerly DotNetNuke) is a web content management system and web application framework based on the .NET Framework. It is open source and part of the .Net Foundation. DNN is written in C#, though it existed for many years as a VB.NET project. It is distributed under an MIT license.
  • 1.6K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Biography
Kafui Dzirasa
Kafui Dzirasa (born 1978) is an American psychiatrist and Associate Professor at Duke University. He looks to understand the relationship between neural circuit malfunction and mental illness. He was a 2019 AAAS Leshner Fellow and was elected Fellow of the National Academy of Medicine in 2021. Dzirasa was born to Abigail, a nurse, and Samuel Dzirasa, a civil engineer. His parents were from Ac
  • 1.6K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Solar Reactor Technologies Developed for Redox Cycles
New sustainable and alternative energy carriers are required to limit the CO2 emissions and climate change arising from intensive fossil fuel utilization and combustion. The solar thermochemical production of synthetic fuels without greenhouse gas emission can be achieved via the splitting of H2O and CO2, using concentrated solar energy as an external high-temperature heat source for the chemical process. Two main solar reactor concepts can be proposed to implement redox cycles.
  • 1.6K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Treatment of Textile Wastewater
Clothing, one of the basic needs, demands the growth of textile industries worldwide, resulting in higher consumption and pollution of water. Consequently, it requires extensive treatment of textile effluent for environmental protection as well as reuse purposes. Primary treatment, secondary treatment, and tertiary treatment are the three major phases of textile wastewater treatment. Secondary treatment under aerobic and anaerobic circumstances is carried out to decrease BOD, COD, phenol, residual oil, and color, whereas primary treatment is utilized to remove suspended particles, oil, grease, and gritty materials. However, biological treatment is not fully capable of treating water according to discharge/reuse standards. Hence, tertiary treatment is used to remove final contaminants from the wastewater. 
  • 1.6K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Radiation Exposure on Caenorhabditis elegans
Knowledge regarding complex radiation responses in biological systems can be enhanced using genetically amenable model organisms. In this manuscript, we reviewed the use of the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), as a model organism to investigate radiation’s biological effects. Diverse types of experiments were conducted on C. elegans, using acute and chronic exposure to different ionizing radiation types, and to assess various biological responses. These responses differed based on the type and dose of radiation and the chemical substances in which the worms were grown or maintained. 
  • 1.6K
  • 12 Aug 2021
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