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Topic Review
Dermatophyte Infections
The burden of fungal infections is not widely appreciated. Although these infections are responsible for over one million deaths annually, it is estimated that one billion people are affected by severe fungal diseases. Mycoses of nails and skin, primarily caused by fungi known as dermatophytes, are the most common fungal infections. Trichophyton rubrum appears to be the most common causative agent of dermatophytosis, followed by Trichophyton interdigitale. An estimated 25% of the world’s population suffers from dermatomycosis. Although these infections are not lethal, they compromise the quality of life of infected patients. The outcome of antidermatophytic treatments is impaired by various conditions, such as resistance and tolerance of certain dermatophyte strains.
  • 2.0K
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Developing High-Power-Density Electromagnetic Devices
Advanced magnetic materials, particularly nanocrystalline and amorphous magnetic materials, exhibit distinct magnetic properties that allow for efficient magnetic flux concentration and minimize energy losses. As a result, they are ideal for implementation in high-power-density electromagnetic devices. Additionally, integrating these materials into electromagnetic devices can result in both substantial reductions in core loss and improvements in efficiency.
  • 2.0K
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Self-Healing Mechanisms and 3D Printing
Existing self-healing mechanisms are still very far from full-scale implementation, and most published work has only demonstrated damage cure at the laboratory level. Their rheological nature makes the mechanisms for damage cure difficult to implement, as the component or structure is expected to continue performing its function. In most cases, a molecular bond level chemical reaction is required for complete healing with external stimulations such as heating, light and temperature change. Such requirements of external stimulations and reactions make the existing self-healing mechanism almost impossible to implement in 3D printed products, particularly in critical applications.
  • 2.0K
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Novel Delivery Systems of Polyphenols
Polyphenols encapsulated in liposomes are known to produce more substantial effects on targeted cells than unencapsulated polyphenols, while having minimal cytotoxicity in healthy cells. 
  • 2.0K
  • 29 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Technological Uses of Thioketal in Drug Delivery Systems
To take advantage of ROS-specific cleavage, different technological uses of Thioketal (TK) functional group have been proposed in the design of selective and improved “smart” nanosystems, including as linker to connect a drug on the surface of nanoparticles, form prodrugs, as a core component of the Drug Delivery System (DDS) to directly control its structure, to control the opening of drug-releasing gates or to change the conformation of the nano-systems. This allows to overcome the major limitations of conventional DDS counterparts, including uncontrolled drug release and off-target effects, by controlling the degradation kinetics, drug release kinetics, or even increasing potential administration routes. 
  • 2.0K
  • 01 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) is widely performed worldwide for various benign and malignant biliary diseases in cases of difficult or unsuccessful endoscopic transpapillary cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Furthermore, its applicability as primary drainage has also been reported. Although recent advances in EUS systems and equipment have made EUS-HGS easier and safer, the risk of serious adverse events such as bile leak and stent migration still exists. Physicians and assistants need not only sufficient skills and experience in ERCP-related procedures and basic EUS-related procedures such as fine needle aspiration and pancreatic fluid collection drainage, but also knowledge and techniques specific to EUS-HGS.
  • 2.0K
  • 08 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Efficient Use of Water in Tailings Management
Nowadays, many major copper mining projects in desert areas with extremely dry climates, as in northern Chile and the southern coast of Peru, process sulfide ores at high production rates; in some cases over 100,000 metric tonnes per day (mtpd), generating large amounts of tailings, that are commonly managed and transported to tailings storage facilities (TSF) hydraulically using fresh water. Considering the extremely dry climate, water scarcity, community demands, and environmental constraints in these desert areas, the efficient use of water in mining is being strongly enforced.
  • 2.0K
  • 16 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Duclod Man
The Duclod Man was the title given to a man, identified as Robert W. McEwen, who over two decades generated mystery and speculation by sending out dozens of unusual anonymous letters to college students and posting writings on internet pages. The letters, internet writings, and library bathroom graffiti included the word "duclod" (ostensibly a portmanteau of dual and closeted, or a bisexual person who hides his or her sexuality from both gay and straight people.) The activity occurred over three decades until his identity was discovered in 2007 by Sarah Aswell, a journalist writing for The Advocate. In her investigative articles, she calls the duclod man "Richard".
  • 2.0K
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Neutral CB1 Receptor Antagonists
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) has been one of the major targets in medication development for treating substance use disorders (SUDs). Early studies indicated that rimonabant, a selective CB1R antagonist with an inverse agonist profile, was highly promising as a therapeutic for SUDs.
  • 2.0K
  • 20 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Modular CAR T Platforms
The engineering of T cells through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) has shown significant potential for use as an anti-cancer therapeutic. The development of strategies for flexible and modular CAR T systems is accelerating, allowing for multiple antigen targeting, precise programming, and adaptable solutions in the field of cellular immunotherapy. Moving beyond the fixed antigen specificity of traditional CAR T systems, the modular CAR T technology splits the T cell signaling domains and the targeting elements through use of a switch molecule. The activity of CAR T cells depends on the presence of the switch, offering dose-titratable response and precise control over CAR T cells.
  • 2.0K
  • 25 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Ferroptosis
Ferroptosis, mainly mediated by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, is closely linked to multiple physiological and pathological processes in humans and animals, including cancer, arteriosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and acute renal failure.
  • 2.0K
  • 10 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Bagworms in Indonesian Plantation Forests
Bagworms are polyphagous, with many hosts; for example, the defoliator P. plagiophleps was found feeding on 22 plant families, in annual crops and perennial trees. Bagworm infestations occur not only in plantation forests but also in natural forests. In many cases, the dynamics of a pest infestation are not well understood. For example, in India, P. plagiophleps, previously known as an insignificant pest of Tamarindus indica L., was involved in outbreaks in 1977 in F. moluccana, followed by Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf. and Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile. Understanding the diversity of bagworms and the factors that influence their development are important for sustainable plantation forest management.
  • 2.0K
  • 23 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Antibiotics Detection in Food Products
Overuse of antibiotics leads to their circulation in the food chain due to unmanaged discharge. These circulating antibiotics and their residues are a major cause of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), so comprehensive and multifaceted measures aligning with the One Health approach are crucial to curb the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance through the food chain. Different chromatographic techniques and capillary electrophoresis (CE) are being widely used for the separation and detection of antibiotics and their residues from food samples.
  • 2.0K
  • 02 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Dickeya dadantii
Dickeya dadantii is a gram-negative bacillus that belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It was formerly known as Erwinia chrysanthemi but was reassigned as Dickeya dadantii in 2005. Members of this family are facultative anaerobes, able to ferment sugars to lactic acid, have nitrate reductase, but lack oxidases. Even though many clinical pathogens are part of the Enterobacteriaceae family, most members of this family are plant pathogens. D. dadantii is a motile, nonsporing, straight rod-shaped cell with rounded ends. Cells range in size from 0.8 to 3.2 μm by 0.5 to 0.8 μm and are surrounded by numerous flagella (peritrichous). In the natural plant environment, D. dadantii causes plant maladies such as necrosis, blight and “soft rot,” which is a progressive tissue maceration. D. dadantii contains many pectinases that are able to macerate and break down the plant cell wall material. This exposed part of the plant releases nutrients that can facilitate bacterial growth. Commonly infected plants include potato tubers, bulbs of vegetables, and ornamental crops.
  • 2.0K
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Control–Value Theory and Achievement Emotions
Control–value theory is a theoretical framework that integrates antecedents of achievement emotions with the motivational, information processing, and self-regulative effects of those emotions. Distal antecedents include the cultural, environmental, and social context of learning (e.g., school ethos and quality of instruction).
  • 2.0K
  • 01 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes As Photosensitisers
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is emerging as a significant complementary or alternative approach for cancer treatment. Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes is a new generation of metal-based photosensitisers for PDT that are of great interest in multidisciplinary research.
  • 2.0K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Technical Lignins
Lignin is a complex, amorphous, natural polymer, and one of the most abundant in nature, only behind cellulose. Technical lignins are co-products of the manufacture of cellulose pulp for paper. Some examples of technical lignins that will be addressed in this study are lignosulphonates alongside kraft, soda and organosolv lignins.
  • 2.0K
  • 19 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Traditional Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) was first applied in the field of robotics. Its goal is to build a real-time map of the surrounding environment based on sensor data without any prior knowledge, and at the same time predict its own location based on the map. SLAM has attracted extensive attention from many researchers since it was first proposed in 1986 and is now a necessary capability for autonomous mobile robots.
  • 2.0K
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Virtual Coupling in Railways
The mobility situation is constantly changing as people are increasingly moving to urban areas. Therefore, a flexible mode of transport with high-capacity passenger trains and a high degree of modularity in the trains’ composition is necessary. Virtual coupling (VC) is a promising solution to this problem because it significantly increases the capacity of a line and provides a more flexible mode of operation than conventional signaling systems.
  • 2.0K
  • 29 May 2023
Topic Review
Seismic Behavior of Masonry Infilled Frame Structures
Infilled frames are usually modelled in the context of global building analysis using simplified procedures without considering the aspects resulting from the interaction between the panel and the frame. Other aspects, such as adequate design of the floor beams and the beam-columns’ joints, and control of potential sliding shear failure of the columns, that significantly affect the structural response, are also typically not accounted for. 
  • 2.0K
  • 25 Aug 2022
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