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Topic Review
Underwater Image Enhancement and Underwater Biological Detection
For aquaculture resource evaluation and ecological environment monitoring, the automatic detection and identification of marine organisms is critical; however, due to the low quality of underwater images and the characteristics of underwater biological detection, the lack of abundant features can impede traditional hand-designed feature extraction approaches or CNN-based object detection algorithms, particularly in complex underwater environments.
  • 1.0K
  • 05 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Computational Simulation Methods in Ship Broken Ice
The majority of sea ice in polar regions can be generalized into two types, (a) level ice that exists as a continuous form, and (b) broken ice that consists of discontinuous ice blocks. Broken ice includes brash ice that normally accumulates in ice channels, sliding ice pieces that form from breaking continuous ice, unconsolidated ice ridges generated by compression between ice floes, and ice floe fields (the most common broken ice condition in the polar region) that appear and evolve with natural processes. In recent years, computational simulation models have increasingly been used for the evaluation of ship operability under broken ice conditions, presenting some challenging issues. A ship’s response in broken ice is divided into two categories: resistance, which relates to the overall ship performance, and local loads, which relates to structural safety. 
  • 1.0K
  • 22 Mar 2022
Topic Review
The Optimal Configuration of Wave Energy Conversions
Ocean energy is one potential renewable energy alternative to fossil fuels that has a more significant power generation due to its better predictability and availability. In order to harness this source, wave energy converters (WECs) have been devised and used over the past several years to generate as much energy and power as is feasible. While it is possible to install these devices in both nearshore and offshore areas, nearshore sites are more appropriate places since more severe weather occurs offshore. Determining the optimal location might be challenging when dealing with sites along the coast since they often have varying capacities for energy production. Constructing wave farms requires determining the appropriate location for WECs, which may lead us to its correct and optimum design. The WEC size, shape, and layout are factors that must be considered for installing these devices. 
  • 990
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Online Pipeline Characterisation on Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
Nowadays, more frequently, it is necessary to perform underwater operations such as surveying an area or inspecting and intervening on industrial infrastructures such as offshore oil and gas rigs or pipeline networks. The use of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) has grown as a way to automate these tasks, reducing risks and execution time. One of the used sensing modalities is vision, providing RGB high-quality information in the mid to low range, making it appropriate for manipulation or detail inspection tasks. This research presents the use of a deep neural network to perform pixel-wise 3D segmentation of pipes and valves on underwater point clouds generated using a stereo pair of cameras. In addition, two novel algorithms are built to extract information from the detected instances, providing pipe vectors, gripping points, the position of structural elements such as elbows or connections, and valve type and orientation. The neural network and information algorithms are implemented on an AUV and executed in real-time, validating that the output information stream frame rate of 0.72 fps is high enough to perform manipulation tasks and to ensure full seabed coverage during inspection tasks. The used dataset, along with a trained model and the information algorithms, are provided to the scientific community.
  • 962
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Clustering and Analyzing Vessel Sailing Routes
A vessel automatic identification system (AIS) provides a large amount of dynamic vessel information over a large coverage area and data volume. The AIS data are a typical type of big geo-data with high dimensionality, large noise, heterogeneous densities, and complex distributions. This poses a challenge for the clustering and analysis of vessel sailing routes.
  • 942
  • 09 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Lifetime Assessment Models for Coastal Reinforced Concrete Structures
Modern engineering faces challenges in ensuring technical standards for service, durability, and sustainability. Political, administrative, and budgetary factors, coupled with climate change, pose tasks to structural integrity, affecting industries and economies. Marine infrastructures represent a strategic asset of a country as they handle a large part of the economic exchanges.
  • 893
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Rehabilitation of Tubular Joints
Exposure to load and offshore environment degrades the load-bearing capacity of tubular joints, necessitating reinforcement of these joints. Reinforcement is sometimes required for lifespan enhancement or qualification based on new requirements. Available reinforcement techniques include welded rings inside/outside the chord, doubler/collar plate at the brace-chord interface, grout filling, and clamp installation on the joints with/without cement. While these techniques increase the load-bearing capacity of damaged tubular joints, various practical limitations exist.
  • 877
  • 10 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Climate and Surfing
Surfing is one of the most popular activities in coastal tourism resorts. However, the sport depends strongly on the met-ocean weather conditions, particularly on the surface wind-generated waves that reach the coast.
  • 832
  • 26 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Blade for Offshore Floating Wind Turbine Model
The Froude-scaled offshore floating wind turbine model is inevitably affected by the Reynolds number effect, making the model unable to correctly reproduce the thrust performance of the reference wind turbine (RWT). To solve this problem, an Xfoil-AirfoilPrep-Matlab (XAM) system and a wide tip speed ratio search method (WTSM) are proposed to design a wide tip speed ratio (TSR) thrust-match model blade. The XAM system is utilized to select the best airfoil for WTSM by calculating the lift and drag coefficients of several airfoils. The WTSM is utilized to optimize the blade chord and twist. It formalizes the blade chord and twist by polynomials and then optimizes the polynomial coefficients. The thrust coefficients construct the optimization object at different TSRs. For validating the effect of the redesigned blade, the thrust performance is compared to that of the RWT blade. In addition, the thrust performance of redesigned blade at different pitch angles is also calculated and compared to those of the RWT blade. Results show that the thrust performance of redesigned blade matches well with that of the RWT blade at 0 pitch angle, and it can also match the variations of that of the RWT blade at the other pitch angles well.
  • 784
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Microorganisms in Structural Materials Biodegradation and Microbiological Corrosion
Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is the process of material degradation in the presence of microorganisms and their biofilms. This is an environmentally assisted type of corrosion, which is highly complex and challenging to fully understand. Different metallic materials, such as steel alloys, magnesium alloys, aluminium alloys, and titanium alloys, have been reported to have adverse effects of MIC on their applications. Though many researchers have reported bacteria as the primary culprit of microbial corrosion, several other microorganisms, including fungi, algae, archaea, and lichen, have been found to cause MIC on metal and non-metal surfaces. However, less attention is given to the MIC caused by fungi, algae, archaea, and lichens.
  • 709
  • 06 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Local Route Planning Algorithms for Unmanned Surface Vehicles
Covering approximately 70 percent of the Earth’s surface, the ocean is a vast domain studied by oceanographers—a multidisciplinary scientific branch that explores the geological, biological, chemical, and physical aspects of this dynamic environment. USVs are extensively utilized for search, patrol, resource exploration, and various other tasks due to their compact size and affordable price. The development status of USV route planning is considered an active research area and continues to evolve. Route planning addresses three primary challenges: firstly, accomplishing the task of moving from the initial point to the final destination; secondly, avoiding obstructions along the way; and lastly, selecting the ideal course, which can prioritize minimizing time or conserving control effort.
  • 693
  • 26 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Potential Applications of Whisker Sensors in Marine Engineering
Perception plays a pivotal role in both biological and technological interactions with the environment. Recent advancements in whisker sensors, drawing inspiration from nature's tactile systems, have ushered in a new era of versatile and highly sensitive sensing technology. Whisker sensors, which mimic the tactile hairs of mammals, offer both high sensitivity and multifunctionality. They excel in capturing fine-grained environmental data, detecting various stimuli with precision, and finding applications in diverse domains. 
  • 692
  • 19 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Zero-Trust Marine Cyberdefense for IoT-Based Communications
Integrating Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) into marine cyberdefense systems can address the lack of trustworthiness and low interpretability inherent in complex black-box Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) models. XAI has emerged as a pivotal focus in achieving a zero-trust cybersecurity strategy within marine communication networks. 
  • 633
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Electrical Oil Wear Debris Detection Sensors
In the field of marine engineering, the friction and wear experienced by rotating mechanisms are recognized as significant contributors to the failure of marine machinery. In order to enhance the safety and dependability of marine ship operations, the implementation of on-line oil wear debris particle detection sensors enables the on-line monitoring of oil and facilitates the rapid identification of abnormal wear locations.
  • 627
  • 20 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Ship Fouling Cleaning
Ship fouling has significant adverse effects on vessel performance and environmental sustainability. Therefore, it is imperative to regularly clean ship hulls to reduce the adverse impacts of biofouling. A bi-level programming model to simultaneously optimize cleaning equipment deployment by cleaning service providers in the upper level and cleaning decisions by shipping companies in the lower level is developed to achieve the goal.
  • 619
  • 14 Dec 2023
Topic Review
New Energy Ship Digital Twin Technology
The shipping industry will undergo a transformation to low-carbon, intelligent and integrated operation and maintenance (O&M). Ship Digital Twin (DT) technology twins the shipping entity in the real world and the virtual twin in the digital world. A virtual ship twin can reproduce various operational conditions and complicated event processes. Ship DT is a new technology that offers three distinct advantages for new energy ships: It uses multi-dimensional multi-source data to create the navigational environment twin for new energy ships. The navigational environment twin accurately simulates the condition for the shipboard’s new energy. DT also combines the ship and the meteorological environment together in a virtual space to predict the power output for a new energy ship; DT allows intelligent O&M for new energy ships and provides smart real-time strategies for ship power scheduling, fault detection, and predictive maintenance. DT determines the whole life cycle performance for new energy ships to increase their long-term and overall economy. DT technology significantly increases the efficiency of ship power studies and reduces the experimental risk. DT for a new energy ship power system allows the transient simulation of a power system.
  • 605
  • 15 May 2023
Topic Review
Shape-Informed Dimensional Reduction in Airfoil/Hydrofoil Modeling Approachs
Parametric models have been widely used in pertinent literature for reconstructing, modifying and representing a wide range of airfoil and/or hydrofoil profile geometries. Design spaces corresponding to these models can be exploited for modeling and profile-shape optimization under various performance criteria. Accuracy requirements, along with the need for modeling local features, often lead to high-dimensional design spaces that hinder the process of shape optimization and design through analysis.
  • 570
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Developing Floating Wind Farms
Floating wind is becoming an essential part of renewable energy, and so highlighting perspectives of developing floating wind platforms is very important. 
  • 540
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
USRC Washington (1832)
The United States Revenue Cutter Washington was one of the 13 cutters of the Morris-Taney class. These cutters were the backbone of the United States Revenue Cutter Service for more than a decade. Samuel Humphreys designed these cutters for roles as diverse as fighting pirates, privateers, combating smugglers and operating with naval forces. He designed the vessels on a naval schooner concept. They had Baltimore Clipper lines. The vessels built by Webb and Allen, designed by Isaac Webb, resembled Humphreys' but had one less port.
  • 519
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Alternative Fuels for the Marine Sector
Fossil fuel combustion is a major source of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), which cause global warming. To prevent further increases in anthropogenic GHGs, the global community needs to take action in each segment of the economy, including the shipping sector. Among different measures for reducing shipping emissions, the most promising one is the replacement of conventional marine fuels with alternatives.
  • 509
  • 03 Jan 2024
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