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Topic Review
Direct-Seeded Rice Root System Architecture
Direct-seeded rice (DSR) is such a system of rice cultivation that has the potential to decrease water consumption, in addition to lessening labor requirements and at the same time enhance resource-use efficiency and system productivity, and check greenhouse gas emissions. Identifying ideal traits and breeding new rice varieties with efficient root system architecture (RSA) has great potential to increase resource-use efficiency and grain yield, especially under direct-seeded rice, by adapting to aerobic soil conditions. 
  • 1.4K
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Pomegranate Peel Extracts
Pomegranate Peel Extracts as a source of bioactive components are natural alternative means to control plant diseases and prevent food spoilage. 
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Salicylic Acid and Mitochondrial ROS
Different abiotic and biotic stresses lead to the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various cell organelles such as in mitochondria, resulting in oxidative stress, inducing defense responses or programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. In response to oxidative stress, cells activate various cytoprotective responses, enhancing the antioxidant system, increasing the activity of alternative oxidase and degrading the oxidized proteins. Oxidative stress responses are orchestrated by several phytohormones such as salicylic acid (SA). The biomolecule SA is a key regulator in mitochondria-mediated defense signaling and PCD, but the mode of its action is not known in full detail.
  • 1.4K
  • 11 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Acacia Catechu Willd. for CRC
The research for innovative treatments against colon adenocarcinomas is still a great challenge. Acacia catechu Willd. heartwood extract (AC) has health-promoting qualities, especially at gastrointestinal level. This study characterized AC for its catechins content and investigates the apoptotic-enhancing effect in human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells, along with its ability to spare healthy tissue. Results showed that AC  induced an increase in apoptotic cells and ROS formation, reduction in mitochondria membrane potential as well as increase in caspase-9 and -3 activity. AC did not affect rat ileum and colon rings viability and functionality, suggesting its safe profile toward healthy tissue. The present findings outline the potential of AC for colon cancer treatment.
  • 1.4K
  • 14 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Mycorrhizae and Changing Climate
Mycorrhizae and changing climate refers to the effects of climate change on mycorrhizae, a fungus which forms an endosymbiotic relationship between with a vascular host plant by colonizing its roots, and the effects brought on by climate change. Climate change is any lasting effect in weather or temperature. It is important to note that a good indicator of climate change is global warming, though the two are not analogous. However, temperature plays a very important role in all ecosystems on Earth, especially those with high counts of mycorrhiza in soil biota. Mycorrhizae are one of the most widespread symbioses on the planet, as they form a plant-fungal interaction with nearly eighty percent of all terrestrial plants. The resident mycorrhizae benefits from a share of the sugars and carbon produced during photosynthesis, while the plant effectively accesses water and other nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, crucial to its health. This symbiosis has become so beneficial to terrestrial plants that some depend entirely on the relationship to sustain themselves in their respective environments. The fungi are essential to the planet as most ecosystems, especially those in the Arctic, are filled with plants that survive with the aid of mycorrhizae. Because of their importance to a productive ecosystem, understanding this fungus and its symbioses is currently an active area of scientific research.
  • 1.4K
  • 19 May 2023
Topic Review
Hovenia dulcis Thumberg
Hovenia dulcis Thunberg is an herbal plant, belonging to the Rhamnaceae family, widespread in west Asia, USA, Australia and New Zealand, but still almost unknown in Western countries. H. dulcis has been described to possess several pharmacological properties, such as antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective, especially in the hangover treatment, validating its use as an herbal remedy in the Chinese Traditional Medicine. These biological properties are related to a variety of secondary metabolites synthesized by the different plant parts. Root, bark and leaves are rich of dammarane-type triterpene saponins; dihydrokaempferol, quercetin, 3,3′,5′,5,7-pentahydroflavone and dihydromyricetin are flavonoids isolated from the seeds; fruits contain mainly dihydroflavonols, such as dihydromyricetin (or ampelopsin) and hovenodulinol, and flavonols such as myricetin and gallocatechin; alkaloids were found in root, barks (frangulanin) and seeds (perlolyrin), and organic acids (vanillic and ferulic) in hot water extract from seeds. Finally, peduncles have plenty of polysaccharides which justify the use as a food supplement.
  • 1.4K
  • 02 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Respiratory Control of Crop Yield under High Temperature
Respiration and photosynthesis are indispensable plant metabolic processes that are affected by elevated temperatures leading to disruption of the carbon economy of the plants. Increasing global temperatures impose yield penalties in major staple crops that are attributed to increased respiratory carbon loss, through higher maintenance respiration resulting in a shortage of non-structural carbohydrates and an increase in metabolic processes like protein turnover and maintenance of ion concentration gradients.
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Cucurbitaceae Family Used in Mexico for Diabetes Mellitus
In Mexico, Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious health problem, and although the current pharmacological treatments for DM such as insulin and oral hypoglycemics are available, the Mexican population continues to use medicinal plants in the treatment of DM. The antidiabetic properties of the plant species that belong to the Cucurbitaceae family has already been recognized worldwide.
  • 1.4K
  • 10 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Factors Affecting Dynamic Photosynthesis under Changing Light
Major research on photosynthesis has been carried out under steady light. However, in the natural environment, steady light is rare, and light intensity is always changing. Changing light affects (usually reduces) photosynthetic carbon assimilation and causes decreases in biomass and yield. Ecologists first observed the importance of changing light for plant growth in the understory; other researchers noticed that changing light in the crop canopy also seriously affects yield. 
  • 1.4K
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Plant Performance and Interaction with Microorganisms
Plant performance can be improved under adverse environmental conditions by integrated soil–water–plant solutions or integrated soil fertility and plant nutrient management. Microorganisms living in the soil, the rhizobiome, are distinguished from endophytes living inside plants.
  • 1.4K
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Drought/Salt Tolerance in Wheat
Drought and salinity are major constraints to agriculture. Here, we present an overview of the global situation and the consequences of drought and salt stress connected to climatic changes. 
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Ceratozamia aurantiaca (Zamiaceae)
Ceratozamia aurantiaca, a new cycad species from Oaxaca, Mexico, is endemic to lowland karst tropical rainforests of the northern mountains (Sierra Norte region).
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Anacardium Plants
Anacardium plants are native to the American tropical regions, and Anacardium occidentale L. (cashew tree) is the most recognized species of the genus. These species contain a rich content of secondary metabolites in their leaf and shoot powder, fruits and other plant parts, with a plethora of biological applications.
  • 1.4K
  • 21 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Salicylic Acid and Wheat
Salicylic acid (SA) promotes the formation axile roots and surface adventitious roots that originate from basal stem nodes of wheat grown under waterlogged conditions, but inhibits their elongation, leading to the formation of a shallow root system. The SA treatment also enhances the formation of axile roots in non-waterlogged plants but with only slight reductions in their length and branch root formation. 
  • 1.4K
  • 16 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Salvia miltiorrhiza
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, also known as red sage, is a valued herbal plant in the traditional medicine in Korea, China and Japan. It is called as Dansam in Korea, Danshen in China. It is well known for its highly medicinal properties in treating of heart and vascular diseases, chronic renal failure, Alzheimer’s disease, hepatitis and so forth. Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. 
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Olive Tree
Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) contains many bioactive compounds with multiple biological activities that make it one of the most important functional foods. Both the constituents of the lipid fraction and that of the unsaponifiable fraction show a clear action in reducing oxidative stress by acting on various body components, at concentrations established by the European Food Safety Authority’s claims. In addition to the main product obtained by the mechanical pressing of the fruit, i.e., the EVOO, the residual by-products of the process also contain significant amounts of antioxidant molecules, thus potentially making the Olea europea L. an excellent example of the circular economy. In fact, the olive mill wastewaters, the leaves, the pomace, and the pits discharged from the EVOO production process are partially recycled in the nutraceutical and cosmeceutical fields also because of their antioxidant effect.
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Degradation Mechanism of Autophagy-Related Proteins
In all eukaryotes, autophagy is the main pathway for nutrient recycling, which encapsulates parts of the cytoplasm and organelles in double-membrane vesicles, and then fuses with lysosomes/vacuoles to degrade them. Autophagy is a highly dynamic and relatively complex process influenced by multiple factors. Under normal growth conditions, it is maintained at basal levels. However, when plants are subjected to biotic and abiotic stresses, such as pathogens, drought, waterlogging, nutrient deficiencies, etc., autophagy is activated to help cells to survive under stress conditions. The regulation of autophagy is mainly reflected in hormones, second messengers, post-transcriptional regulation, and protein post-translational modification. 
  • 1.4K
  • 08 Jul 2022
Topic Review
CRISPR/Cas9 for Functional Analysis in Soybean
CRISPR/Cas9 is the most powerful reverse genetics approach for fast and precise functional analysis of candidate genes/mutations of interest. Rapid and large-scale analyses of CRISPR/Cas-induced mutagenesis is achievable through Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation. The combination of A. rhizogenes hairy root-CRISPR/Cas provides an extraordinary platform for rapid, precise, easy, and cost-effective “in root” functional analysis of genes of interest in legume plants, including soybean.
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Plant Mitochondria: Fusion and Fission
Plant mitochondria have large genomes to house a small number of key genes. Most mitochondria do not contain a whole genome. To maintain the mitochondrial genes, so important for energy production, the fusion and fission of mitochondria is critical. The dynamin related proteins DRP 3A and 3B drive the fission process. Fusion is less well understood but the MIRO2 gene appears to have a significant role. Massive mitochondrial fusion and subsequent fission prior to flowering, in the enlarging zygote and at germination aids genome repair, conservation of critical genes and may give an energy boost to key stages of the life cycle.
  • 1.4K
  • 31 May 2021
Topic Review
Lodging Stress Management
Lodging is one of the most chronic restraints of the maize-soybean intercropping system, which causes a serious threat to agriculture development and sustainability. In the maize-soybean intercropping system, shade is a major causative agent that is triggered by the higher stem length of a maize plant. Many morphological and anatomical characteristics are involved in the lodging phenomenon, along with the chemical configuration of the stem. Due to maize shading, soybean stem evolves the shade avoidance response and resulting in the stem elongation that leads to severe lodging stress. However, the major agro-techniques that are required to explore the lodging stress in the maize-soybean intercropping system for sustainable agriculture have not been precisely elucidated yet.
  • 1.4K
  • 10 Dec 2020
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