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Topic Review
Tithonia Diversifolia
Tithonia diversifolia　（Hemsl.） A. Gray　(Asteraceae) is native to Mexico and Central America. The species is spreading quickly and has naturalized in more than 70 countries. It has often been recorded as a harmful invasive plant which disturbs native plant communities. Phytotoxic chemical interactions such as allelopathy between invasive plants and native plants have been reported to play an important role in the invasion. Evidence for allelopathy of T. diversifolia has accumulated in the literature over 30 years. Thus, the objective of this review was to discuss the possible involvement of allelopathy in the invasive potential of T. diversifolia. The extracts, root exudates and plant residues of T. diversifolia inhibited the germination and growth of other plant species. The soil-water and soil collected from T. diversifolia fields also shown growth inhibitory effects. The decomposition rate of T. diversifolia residues in soil was reported to be high. Phytotoxic substances such as sesquiterpene lactones were isolated and identified in the extracts of T. diversifolia. Some of phytotoxic substances in T. diversifolia may be released into the soil through the decomposition of the plant residues and the exudation from living tissues of T. diversifolia including its root exudates, and act as allelopathic substances. Those allelopathic substances can inhibit the germination and growth of neighboring plants, and may enhance the competitive ability of the plants and make the plants invasive.
  • 2.5K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Renewable Energy Policies in Iran
The National Renewable Energy Policy can be introduced as an important step in increasing the investment and extraction of renewable energy in the total energy mix. Furthermore, to increase the use of local renewable energy sources, increasing the share of renewable energy in the composition of electricity generation can be achieved through facilitating the growth of the renewable industry, ensuring the reasonable cost of renewable energy production and creating public awareness of the importance of sustainable energy and clean technology.
  • 2.5K
  • 26 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Place Branding and Territorial Brand
Place branding is linked to economic development, which includes tourism as a product. The territorial brand also has these two approaches, a mercantilist perspective and one linked with tourism. However, the brand of a product and the brand of a territory have differences in the way they are created, communicated, and managed. 
  • 2.5K
  • 23 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Verse of Mawadda
The Verse of Mawadda (Arabic: آية الْمَوَدَّة) refers to verse 42:23 of the Quran, the interpretation of which is disputed. This verse is often cited in Shia sources to support the elevated status of the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, known as the Ahl al-Bayt. Most Sunni authors reject the Shia view and offer various alternatives.
  • 2.5K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
House of Jamalullail (Perak)
The House of Jamalullail of Perak is one of the oldest Syed (Saiyid) clans in Malaysia. It was established in early 16th century when Syed Husain Al Faradz Jamalullail from Hadramaut arrived in Perak to spread Islam. He flourished as an ulama in the state during the reign of Sultan Muzaffar Shah I (1528 - 1549), the first sultan of Perak. According to R.O. Winstedt in his article titled "The Hadramaut Saiyids of Perak and Siak", Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, No. 79 (September 1918), the Sayid family of Perak exercised great influence on the history of Perak from its founding in the 16th century. The Saiyid family acquired the highest state offices, those of Orang Kaya Besar and of Menteri. One of its members, Syed Abu Bakar bin Syed Jalaluddin was made a Bendahara during the reign of Sultan Muzzafar Shah III (1728-1744). The Jamalullails of Perak held the position of the Orang Kaya Menteri six times in the period from the founding of Perak in 1528 until 1862, reflecting the special position given to them. This hereditary tradition in Perak was interrupted upon the death of menteri Syed Usman in 1862, during the reign of Sultan Jaafar Muazzam Shah (Marhum Waliullah) (1857-1865). According to Buyong Adil, "Sejarah Perak", Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur, (2020:156) this change in tradition was a part solution to ending the Larut Wars of 1861-1862.
  • 2.5K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Carbon-Oxygen (C–O) Bond Formation
Various noble metal and nonprecious metal or metal oxide nanoparticles have been utilized to exploit the C–H activation process to promote the formation of a new C–O bond and access alcohols or carbonyls. 
  • 2.5K
  • 03 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Comprehensive Review on Wearable Sweat-Glucose Sensors for CGM
The incidence of diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate, and regular glucose monitoring is critical in order to manage diabetes. Currently, glucose in the body is measured by an invasive method of blood sugar testing. Blood glucose (BG) monitoring devices measure the amount of sugar in a small sample of blood, usually drawn from pricking the fingertip, and placed on a disposable test strip. Therefore, there is a need for non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring, which is possible using a sweat sensor-based approach.
  • 2.5K
  • 18 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Environmental Ageing of Polymers and Polymer Composites
Polymers and polymer composites are often exposed to elevated temperatures, mechanical stress, water and humid air environments, where their performance is negatively impacted by environmental ageing, reducing their service lifetime.
  • 2.5K
  • 15 Mar 2022
Biography
Luiz Philippe de Orléans E Bragança
Luiz Philippe of Orléans-Braganza (Portuguese: Luiz Philippe de Orléans e Bragança; born 3 April 1969) is a Brazilian political scientist, activist, entrepreneur, and member of the House of Orléans-Braganza. He was elected Federal Deputy for São Paulo in the 2018 Brazilian elections for the Social Liberal Party with 118,457 votes.[1] Luiz Philippe was born in Rio de Janeiro in 1969, the
  • 2.5K
  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Method of Detecting Perfluorooctanoic Acid
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a new type of organic pollutant in wastewater that is persistent, toxic, and accumulates in living organisms. The development of rapid and sensitive analytical methods to detect PFOA in environmental media is of great importance. Fluorescence detection has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost, in which fluorescent probes have excellent fluorescence properties, excellent bio-solubility, and remarkable photostability. 
  • 2.5K
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Kinesin-1
The most of the transportations in cells are realized through a kind of proteins, the molecular motor. Molecular motor can be classed into three families, myosin, kinesin and dynein. Kinesin-1 (also called conventional kinesin) is the founding member of the kinesin family and mainly exists in the nerve axons to transport membranous organelles along the microtubule lattice. By using the energy stored in the ATP molecule, kinesin-1 can “walk” along the microtubule lattice in a hand-over-hand manner. In the walking process of the kinesin-1, the conformational changes of the compact motor domain transmit and amplify the small changes of the nucleotide-binding site to the force-generation element to produce the processive movement. The chemical cycle and mechanical cycle of kinesin-1 are highly coupled to ensure the processivity of the kinesin-1 and to avoid the futile ATP hydrolysis.
  • 2.5K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Nanobiosensors in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Due to the high bacterial resistance to antibiotics (AB), it has become necessary to adjust the dose aimed at personalized medicine by means of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). TDM is a fundamental tool for measuring the concentration of drugs that have a limited or highly toxic dose in different body fluids, such as blood, plasma, serum, and urine, among others. Using different techniques that allow for the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis of the drug, TDM can reduce the risks inherent in treatment. Among these techniques, nanotechnology focused on biosensors, which are relevant due to their versatility, sensitivity, specificity, and low cost. They provide results in real time, using an element for biological recognition coupled to a signal transducer.
  • 2.5K
  • 19 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Modern Small Farming and Homesteading: Automate and Simplify
Since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, increasing number of people from the urban environment have moved to rural areas in search for more peaceful and healthier lifestyle. They do keep their city jobs, mostly working online, and aren't interested into agriculture besides limited production for their own needs. However, as they are accustomed to the use of ICT and electronics in everyday life, they would appreciate any device that would robotize, automate or simplify common jobs on property maintenance, which in turn would provide additional time for other activities. Despite the fact that the application of WSN and IoT in agriculture has been researched for 20 years, and although there has been a significant breakthrough in agricultural robotics, the automation of small farming machines is still scarce, which may prove to be the next new big thing for small equipment manufacturers and startups.
  • 2.5K
  • 11 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Studio One
Studio One is a digital audio workstation (DAW) application, used to create, record, mix and master music and other audio, with functionality also available for video. Initially developed as a successor to the KRISTAL Audio Engine, it was acquired by PreSonus and first released in 2009 for macOS and Microsoft Windows. In addition to the commercial editions of the software (known as Studio One Artist and Studio One Professional), PreSonus also distributes a free edition, with reduced functionality (known as Studio One Prime). The Professional edition is also available as part of the PreSonus Sphere monthly subscription program.
  • 2.5K
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Buddhist Paths to Liberation
The Buddhist tradition gives a wide variety of descriptions of the Buddhist path (magga) to liberation. The classical description is the Noble Eightfold Path, described in the Sutta Pitaka. This description is preceded by even older descriptions in the Sutta Pitaka, and elaborated in the various Buddhist traditions. A number of other paths have been developed and described within the various traditions.
  • 2.5K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Additives Used in Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic digestion involves the degradation of a biodegradable substance, such as sewage sludge by anaerobic microorganisms in an oxygen-free system.
  • 2.5K
  • 13 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Application of Two-Dimensional Materials towards CMOS-Integrated Gas Sensors
The semiconductor metal oxide (SMO)-based gas sensor, considered the current workhorse of semiconductor-based chemiresistive gas sensor technologies, requires high temperatures to initiate the surface reactions which result in the sensing response, making it difficult to fabricate and prone to high mechanical instability. Therefore, alternatives at lower temperatures are desired, where 2D materials seem to hold the most promise. Even at ambient temperature, their sensitivity is extraordinarily large due to their extremely high surface-to-volume ratio. However, some ongoing issues still need to be resolved before gas sensors based on 2D materials can be widely used and commercialized. The alternative room temperature solutions involve optical signals, either by designing an nondispersive infrared (NDIR) sensor based on the Beer-Lambert law or by introducing an additional UV illumination to SMO sensors. In both cases, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integration is not feasible, which is why continued interest in 2D-material-based gas sensors persists.
  • 2.5K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Vietnamese Bottled Coconut Water
Vietnam, an emerging economy, leads the Southeast Asian region in terms of the growth rate of coconut production; yet, its sustainability is questionable because Vietnam lacks a credible strategy to reap the benefits of its export potential.
  • 2.5K
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Nanofillers for Property Enhancement in Bioplastics
Bioplastics reinforced with filler enhance the mechanical properties of starch but reduce its hydrophilicity. In recent years, utilization of nano-sized fillers has bloomed in the fabrication of bioplastic due to their merits, such as low density, excellent mechanical properties, low abrasive nature and reactive surface for ease of modification. Numerous studies had reported that nano-sized fillers have a larger surface area than the conventional micro-sized fillers, thus enhancing the properties due to better interfacial interactions with the polymer matrix. Besides enhancing the mechanical and barrier properties, fillers are also capable of imparting specific functional properties to the bioplastics, e.g., electric conductivity or an antimicrobial character. Another added advantage of filler with nanoscale is in retaining the inherent transparency of the film, especially for the neat matrix. 
  • 2.5K
  • 02 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Archaea Pigments
Archaea represent a resource of great potential for the identification of new metabolites because of their adaptation to extreme environmental conditions and their original metabolic pathways, allowing the synthesis of unique biomolecules. Archaea also represent a valuable source of novel pigments, including carotenoids (detailed further below) and proteins called bacteriorhodopsins.
  • 2.5K
  • 02 Sep 2022
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