You're using an outdated browser. Please upgrade to a modern browser for the best experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
3D Printing for Periodontal Regeneration
The three-dimensional printing of scaffolds is an interesting alternative to the traditional techniques of periodontal regeneration. This technique uses computer assisted design and manufacturing after CT scan. After 3D modelling, individualized scaffolds are printed by extrusion, selective laser sintering, stereolithography, or powder bed inkjet printing. These scaffolds can be made of one or several materials such as natural polymers, synthetic polymers, or bioceramics.
  • 1.8K
  • 14 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Assessment of Negative Gingival Recession
Accurate measurement of negative gingival recession (GR) is essential to accurately determine the clinical attachment loss, which leads to an accurate diagnosis and optimal therapy of periodontal disease.
  • 1.7K
  • 10 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Dental Pulp Regeneration
Dental pulp regeneration requires an integrated use of three key elements, including cells, biomaterial scaffolds, and signaling molecules, which enables the recapitulation of biological processes for normal tissue development.
  • 1.7K
  • 03 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Augmented, Virtual and Mixed Reality in Dentistry
Augmented, Virtual and Mixed Reality can represent a useful aids for Dentistry. Augmented Reality can be used to add digital data to real life clinical data. Clinicians can apply Virtual Reality for a digital wax-up that provides a pre-visualization of the final post treatment result. In addition, both these technologies may also be employed to eradicate dental phobia in patients and further enhance patient’s education. Similarly, they can be used to enhance communication between the dentist, patient, and technician. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics can also improve clinical practice. Artificial Intelligence is currently developed to improve dental diagnosis and provide more precise prognoses of dental diseases, whereas Robotics may be used to assist in daily practice. 
  • 1.7K
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Inflammatory Response of Dentine–Pulp Complex
Soft-tissue structures are in close interaction with mineralized bone, but also dentine, cementum and enamel of our teeth. These are exposed to intense mechanical and chemical stress as well as to dense microbiologic colonization. Teeth are susceptible to damage, most commonly to caries, where microorganisms from the oral cavity degrade the mineralized tissues of enamel and dentine and invade the soft connective tissue at the core, the dental pulp. However, the pulp is well-equipped to sense and fend off bacteria and their products and mounts various and intricate defense mechanisms. The front rank is formed by a layer of odontoblasts, which line the pulp chamber towards the dentine. These highly specialized cells not only form mineralized tissue but exert important functions as barrier cells. They recognize pathogens early in the process, secrete antibacterial compounds and neutralize bacterial toxins, initiate the immune response and alert other key players of the host defense. As bacteria get closer to the pulp, additional cell types of the pulp, including fibroblasts, stem and immune cells, but also vascular and neuronal networks, contribute with a variety of distinct defense mechanisms, and inflammatory response mechanisms are critical for tissue homeostasis. Still, without therapeutic intervention, a deep carious lesion may lead to tissue necrosis, which allows bacteria to populate the root canal system and invade the periradicular bone via the apical foramen at the root tip. The periodontal tissues and alveolar bone react to the insult with an inflammatory response, most commonly by the formation of an apical granuloma. Healing can occur after pathogen removal, which is achieved by disinfection and obturation of the pulp space by root canal treatment. 
  • 1.7K
  • 26 May 2021
Topic Review
Lymphatic Vessels in the Dental Pulp
It is debatable whether lymphatic vessels exist in the dental pulp. Most researchers confirm their presence; however, the lymphatic system in the dental pulp is much less developed compared to other tissues of the body. Lymphangiogenesis occurs in the dental pulp with inflammatory changes as a response to inflammatory stimuli acting on the tooth. If lymphangiogenesis is defined as the development of lymphatic vessels from already existing ones, such a mechanism is possible only when lymphatic vessels are present in healthy teeth.
  • 1.7K
  • 05 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Dentistry and Digital Revolution
Dentistry is a part of the field of medicine which is advocated in this digital revolution. The increasing trend in dentistry digitalization has led to the advancement in computer-derived data processing and manufacturing. This progress has been exponentially supported by the Internet of medical things (IoMT), big data and analytical algorithm, internet and communication technologies (ICT) including digital social media, augmented and virtual reality (AR and VR), and artificial intelligence (AI). The interplay between these sophisticated digital aspects has dramatically changed the healthcare and biomedical sectors, especially for dentistry.
  • 1.6K
  • 08 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Growth Hormone Deficiency for Oral-Health
Growth hormone (GH) is involved in the regulation of the postnatal dental and skeletal growth, but its effects on oral health have not been clearly defined. This paper aims to provide a review of current clinical knowledge of dental caries, tooth wear, developmental enamel defects, craniofacial growth and morphology, dental maturation, and tooth eruption in growth hormone deficient (GHD) children. A systematic review was carried out using Scopus, MEDLINE-EbscoHost and Web of Science from 2000 to May 2021.
  • 1.6K
  • 26 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Devices for Tooth Mobility Measurement
Evaluating tooth mobility is clinically significant, not only for diagnosing periodontal tissues but also in determining the overall periodontal treatment plan. Numerous studies related to tooth mobility have been conducted, including the proposal of various classifications as well as the development of electronic devices for objective measurement. 
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Biomimetic Implant Surfaces
The increased use of dental implants in oral rehabilitation has been followed by the development of new biomaterials as well as improvements in the performance of biomaterials already in use inspired by the properties of the tissues to be replaced. An implant is considered osseointegrated when there is no relative movement between the implant and the bone and no symptoms under a loading force. It is now known that surface topography is one of the key biomimetic factors that can directly affect the proliferation, structure, and alignment of human cells and their function and is also considered to be a critical determinant of cell adhesion.
  • 1.6K
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Clinical Indications to Germectomy in Pediatric Dentistry
Germectomy is a procedure often required in patients at developmental age. It is defined as the surgical removal of the third molar at a very specific stage of development. 
  • 1.6K
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Regulators of Fibrinolysis in Oral Cavity
The oral cavity is a unique environment that consists of teeth surrounded by periodontal tissues, oral mucosae with minor salivary glands, and terminal parts of major salivary glands that open into the oral cavity. It is a first-line defense against most viral and bacterial pathogens. Fibrinolytic factors of the plasminogen (Plg)/plasmin (Pm) system, their soluble and membrane receptors, and fragments, such as suPAR (soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor) modulate physiological and pathological conditions, especially inflammation.  Fibrinolysis, the removal of fibrin, is the primary function of fibrinolytic factors. Under physiological conditions, fibrinolytic factors are present in the oral cavity and secreted mostly with saliva. Under the inflammation plasminogen/plasmin system performs fibrinolytic and non-fibrinolytic functions: cytokines or proteases (MMPs) are activated, receptors such as suPAR are shed from the surface promoting cell migration, and modulation of the inflammatory response. Viruses, like SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), exploit the fibrinolytic system to promote host cell infection.
  • 1.6K
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Periodontitis
Periodontitis is characterized by a complex inflammatory response triggered by the presence of a dental biofilm. This bacterial biofilm is able to elicit a dysbiosis in the subgingival microbiome leading to the destruction of the periodontal supporting tissues and eventually tooth loss.
  • 1.6K
  • 05 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Dental Education
Most dental educators have limited knowledge and skills to assess AI applications, as they were not trained to do so. Also, AI technology has evolved exponentially. Factual reliability and opportunities with OpenAI Inc.’s ChatGPT are considered critical inflection points in the era of generative AI. Updating curricula at dental institutions is inevitable as advanced deep-learning approaches take over the clinical areas of dentistry and reshape diagnostics, treatment planning, management, and telemedicine screening. With advances in AI language models, communication with patients will change, and the foundations of dental education, including essay, thesis, or scientific paper writing, will need to adapt. However, there is a growing concern about its ethical and legal implications, and further consensus is needed for the safe and responsible implementation of AI in dental education.
  • 1.6K
  • 20 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Micro-Implants in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics
Anchorage is one of the most important elements for successful orthodontic treatment. Traditionally, orthodontics employed teeth and extraoral or intraoral appliances for anchorage, often relying on the patient compliance for its effectiveness. Micro-implants (OMIs), also known in orthodontics as temporary anchorage devices (TAD) or mini-implants or mini-screws have been used to realize difficult orthodontic movements. Orthodontic mini-implants can be a powerful aid in resolving challenging malocclusions that require increased anchorage potential. Their use is versatile, minimally invasive, and proves a good ratio between costs and benefits of orthodontic treatments.
  • 1.6K
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Electrochemical Biosensors for Pathogen Detection
Electrochemical biosensors are a family of biosensors that use an electrochemical transducer to perform their functions. In recent decades, many electrochemical biosensors have been created for pathogen detection. These biosensors for detecting infections have been comprehensively studied in terms of transduction elements, biorecognition components, and electrochemical methods. The integration of transducers and electrode changes in biosensor design is a major discussion topic. Pathogen detection methods can be categorized by sample preparation and secondary binding processes. Diagnostics in medicine, environmental monitoring, and biothreat detection can benefit from electrochemical biosensors to ensure food and water safety.
  • 1.6K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Hydroxyapatite in Oral Care Products
Calcium phosphate compounds form the inorganic phases of our mineralised tissues such as bone and teeth, playing an important role in hard tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In dentistry and oral care products, hydroxyapatite (HA) is a stable and biocompatible calcium phosphate with low solubility being used for various applications such as tooth remineralisation, reduction of tooth sensitivity, oral biofilm control, and tooth whitening. 
  • 1.5K
  • 08 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Essential Oils and the Oral Microbiome
The extensive use of antibiotics has resulted in the development of drug-resistant bacteria, leading to a decline in the efficacy of traditional antibiotic treatments. Essential oils (EOs) are phytopharmaceuticals, or plant-derived compounds, that possess beneficial properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiviral, bacteriostatic, and bactericidal effects.
  • 1.5K
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Probiotics and Oral Candidiasis
Oral candidiasis (OC) is an increasing health problem due to the introduction of new drugs, population aging, and increasing prevalence of chronic illness.  The intake of probiotics can have a beneficial effect on OC and that the effects could vary according to the patients’ characteristics.
  • 1.5K
  • 24 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation for Periodontal Disease
Periodontal disease is a complex disease that involves an imbalance between the oral microbiota and an individual’s inflammatory response. Moreover, the inflammatory response contributes to further imbalance; if left untreated, periodontal disease may result in tooth loss. Vitamin D is intricately involved in the regulation of calcium–phosphate homeostasis and bone mineral metabolism; considering that periodontal surgery usually includes regenerative therapy, adequate vitamin D and calcium levels are essential.
  • 1.5K
  • 19 Jul 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 17
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Academic Video Service
Feedback