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Topic Review
Computational Methods in Drug Screening and Design
Drug development is one of the most significant processes in the pharmaceutical industry. Various computational methods have dramatically reduced the time and cost of drug discovery. 
  • 1.2K
  • 18 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Gut Microbiota
A disturbed interaction between the gut microbiota and the mucosal immune system plays a pivotal role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Exosome-Based Drug Delivery in Lupus
Exosomes are lipid-bilayer-enclosed extracellular vesicles released by many cell types in both normal and pathological conditions, and which transport nucleic acids, lipids and proteins between cells. Due to their suitable proprieties, as well as their known therapeutic effects, exosome-based nanocarriers have a bright future as next-generation drug delivery vehicles.
  • 1.2K
  • 18 Mar 2021
Topic Review
MUTYH Gene
The MUTYH gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p34.1) and encodes instructions for the MYH glycosylase enzyme.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Tirzepatide in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Tirzepatide is a novel once-a-week dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, currently under trial to assess glycemic efficacy and safety in people with type 2 diabetes.
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Nanoformulation of Peptides
Several polymeric nanoparticles have been utilized as potential carriers for peptides and are used for the peptide formulation in controlled and targeted delivery applications. Nanoformulated peptides are reported to improve drug administration, where the drugs are either dissolved, entrapped, encapsulated, or attached to drug carriers.
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Three-Dimensional Spheroids in Cancer Research
Three-dimensional (3D) cultures of cancer cells that better recapitulate in vivo cell environments emerged as scientifically accurate and low cost cancer models for preclinical screening and testing of new drug candidates before moving to expensive and time-consuming animal models.
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Clinical Considerations of Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are among one of the most widely prescribed drug classes in the United States. BZDs are a class of psychoactive drugs known for their depressant effect on the central nervous system (CNS). They quickly diffuse through the blood–brain barrier to affect the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and exert sedative effects. One of the debilitating side effects of BZDs is their addictive potential. The dependence on BZDs generally leads to withdrawal symptoms, requiring careful tapering of the medication when prescribed. Regular use of BZDs has been shown to cause severe, harmful psychological and physical dependence, leading to withdrawal symptoms similar to that of alcohol withdrawal.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Microfluidic for Cutaneous Wound Healing
Cutaneous wound healing is a complex, multi-stage process involving direct and indirect cell communication events with the aim of efficiently restoring the barrier function of the skin. One key aspect in cutaneous wound healing is associated with cell movement and migration into the physically, chemically, and biologically injured area, resulting in wound closure. Understanding the conditions under which cell migration is impaired and elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms that improve healing dynamics are therefore crucial in devising novel therapeutic strategies to elevate patient suffering, reduce scaring, and eliminate chronic wounds. Following the global trend towards the automation, miniaturization, and integration of cell-based assays into microphysiological systems, conventional wound healing assays such as the scratch assay and cell exclusion assay have recently been translated and improved using microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip technologies. These miniaturized cell analysis systems allow for precise spatial and temporal control over a range of dynamic microenvironmental factors including shear stress, biochemical and oxygen gradients to create more reliable in vitro models that resemble the in vivo microenvironment of a wound more closely on a molecular, cellular, and tissue level. 
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Cyclodextrin Multicomponent Complexes: Pharmaceutical Applications
Cyclodextrins (CD) are a family of macromolecules obtained by enzymatic degradation of starch. Their structure resembles a truncated cone, with a somewhat lipophilic central cavity and an external hydrophilic surface.  Due to these characteristics the pharmaceutical applications are mostly related to the ability of CDs to form inclusion complexes, formed by interactions between guest (drug) and host (CD) molecules, and they have the ability to modulate several properties positively affecting the performances and therapeutic profiles of drugs. Besides, a drug–CD complex with the addition of an auxiliary substance, that are called multicomponent or ternary complex, can have a synergic effect, allowing the use of low concentrations of the host compounds, thereby optimizing the cost, toxicity and formulation volume in the final product. Also, these additives such as amino acids, organic acids and bases, and water-soluble polymers interacting with CDs can modulate in vitro and in vivo drug dissolution, thereby modifying the drug’s pharmacokinetic profile.
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Copper Chelators and cDDP Resistance
The platinum (Pt)-containing antitumor drugs including cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II, cDDP), carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, have been the mainstay of cancer chemotherapy. These drugs are effective in treating many human malignancies. The major cell-killing target of Pt drugs is DNA. Recent findings underscored the important roles of Pt drug transport system in cancer therapy. It was demonstrated that by reducing cellular Cu bioavailable levels by Cu chelators, hCtr1 is transcriptionally upregulated by transcription factor Sp1, which binds the promoters of Sp1 and hCtr1. In contrast, elevated Cu poisons Sp1, resulting in suppression of hCtr1 and Sp1, constituting the Cu-Sp1-hCtr1 mutually regulatory loop.
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Terpenoids in and beyond Cannabis Plant
Cannabinoids is a vast term that defines several compounds that have been characterized in three categories: (i) endogenous, (ii) synthetic, and (iii) phytocannabinoids, and are able to modulate the CBR and ECS. Particularly, phytocannabinoids are natural terpenoids or phenolic compounds derived from Cannabis sativa. Cannabimimetic ligands, beyond the Cannabis plant, can act as CBR agonists or antagonists, or ECS enzyme inhibitors, besides being able of playing a role in immune-mediated inflammatory and infectious diseases, neuroinflammatory, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in cancer, and autoimmunity by itself.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Environmental DNA/RNA and Exposomics
Records of eDNA/eRNA exposome may reflect the early appearance, persistence, and presence of biotic and/or abiotic-exposure-mediated modifications in these nucleic acid molecules. Functional genome- and epigenome-wide mapping of eDNA offer great promise to help elucidate the human exposome. Assessment of longitudinal exposure to physical, biological, and chemical agents present in the environment through eDNA/eRNA may enable the building of an integrative causal dynamic stochastic model to estimate environmental causes of human health deficits. Development and validation of monitoring of eDNA/eRNA exposome should seriously be considered to introduce into safety and risk assessment and as surrogates of chronic exposure to environmental stressors.
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Jul 2020
Topic Review
Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency and Squalene Synthase Inhibitor (TAK-475)
Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency (MKD) is a rare inborn disease belonging to the family of periodic fever syndromes. The MKD phenotype is characterized by systemic inflammation involving multiple organs, including the nervous system. Current anti-inflammatory approaches to MKD are only partially effective and do not act specifically on neural inflammation. According to the new emerging pharmacology trends, the repositioning of drugs from the indication for which they were originally intended to another one can make mechanistic-based medications easily available to treat rare diseases. According to this perspective, the squalene synthase inhibitor Lapaquistat (TAK-475), originally developed as a cholesterol-lowering drug, might find a new indication in MKD, by modulating the mevalonate cholesterol pathway, increasing the availability of anti-inflammatory isoprenoid intermediates.
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Cell-Free DNA
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) testing, is an emerging “liquid biopsy” tool for noninvasive lymphoma detection, and an increased amount of data are now available to use this technique with accuracy, especially in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The advantages of cfDNA include simplicity of repeated blood sample acquisition over time; dynamic, noninvasive, and quantitative analysis; fast turnover time; reasonable cost; and established consistency with results from tumor genomic DNA. cfDNA analysis offers an easy method for genotyping the overall molecular landscape of pediatric and adult cHL and may help in cases of diagnostic difficulties between cHL and other lymphomas.
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Megalin
Megalin, a recently discovered endocytic receptor for prorenin and renin, not only contributes to renin/prorenin reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the kidney, but simultaneously plays a role in renal Ang II generation, although how exactly this occurs is still unknown . 
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Novel Fucoidan Pharmaceutical Formulations and Their Potential Application
Fucoidan belongs to a family of sulfated, L-fucose-rich polysaccharides found in the cell wall matrix of various species of marine brown algae (Phaeophyta: Laminariaceae, Fucaceae, Chordariaceae and Alariaceae). Fucoidan can also be obtained from sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea: Stichopodidae, Holothuriidae), sea urchin eggs (Echinoidea: Strongylocentrotidae, Arbaciidae) and sea grasses (Cymodoceaceae).
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
The Antioxidant Activity of Mistletoes
In addition to the European mistletoe, Viscum album, which is the most known and utilized one, there are several species commonly known as mistletoe. They are spread in various regions of the planet and are all characterized by hemiparasitism and epiphytic behaviour. The published studies evidence other similarities, including the sharing of important biological properties, with the common presence of antioxidant effects. Mistletoe is an example of the importance of the phytochemical and pharmacological research to update knowledge and utilization of medicinal plants. There are tendencies to limit to use of products derived from natural products, based on prejudices or wrong interpretation. The correct utilization of scientific results is necessary.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Phytochemistry, Medicinal Uses and Pharmacological Activities of Parkia
Parkia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Fabaceae (subfamily, Mimosoideae) with pan-tropical distribution. The word Parkia was named after the Scottish explorer Mungo Park, who drowned in the Niger River, Nigeria in January 1805. The genus Parkia (Fabaceae, Subfamily, Mimosoideae) comprises about 34 species of mostly evergreen trees widely distributed across neotropics, Asia, and Africa. 
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Electrospinning of Essential Oils
Essential oils (EOs) have been widely exploited for their biological properties (mainly as antimicrobials) in the food industry. Encapsulation of EOs has opened the way to the utilization of EOs in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Electrospinning (ES) has proved a convenient and versatile method for the encapsulation of EOs into multifunctional nanofibers.
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Sep 2022
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