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Topic Review
Potential Bioenergy Supply in Jordan
Jordan is considered to be a semi-desert and steppe area, especially in southern and eastern lands, known as the Jordanian steppe or Badia. Bioenergy has all of the characteristics required to meet the difficulties associated with the increasing use of carbon fuels whereas massively minimizing greenhouse gase (GHG) emissions.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Collagen Alignment via Electro-Compaction for Biofabrication Applications
Collagen is the most prevalent structural protein in the extracellular matrix, resulting in the biopolymer being extensively investigated for biofabrication-based applications. However, its utilisation has been impeded due to a lack of sufficient mechanical toughness and the inability of the scaffolds to mimic complex natural tissues. The anisotropic alignment of collagen has been proven to be an effective method to enhance overall mechanical properties and produce biomimetic scaffolds. The alignment of collagen can be achieved by several methods, namely, gravity and extrusion-based fluidic alignment, static magnetic alignment, magnetic-flow alignment, cell-based stress-induced self-alignment, electrospinning, and electrophoretic-based electro-compaction (EC). Each existing approach of aligning collagen is described and compared with a sharper focus on electro-compaction.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
SIBS-Based Biocompatible Nanocomposites
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated into poly(styrene-block-isobutyleneblock-styrene) (SIBS) to investigate the physical characteristics of the resulting nanocomposite and its cytotoxicity to endothelial cells. CNTs were dispersed in chloroform using sonication following the addition of a SIBS solution at different ratios. We observed an uneven distribution of CNTs in the polymer matrix with sporadic bundles of interwoven nanotubes. Increasing the CNT content from 0 wt% to 8 wt% led to an increase in the tensile strength of SIBS films from 4.69 to 16.48 MPa. The engineering normal strain significantly decreased in 1 wt% SIBS–CNT films in comparison with the unmodified samples, whereas a further increase in the CNT content did not significantly affect this parameter. The incorporation of CNT into the SIBS matrix resulted in increased hydrophilicity, whereas no cytotoxicity towards endothelial cells was noted. 
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Carbon Nanotubes-Based Hydrogels
Carbonaceous materials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have been widely explored in wound healing and other applications because of their superior physicochemical and potential biomedical properties to the nanoscale level. CNTs-based hydrogels are widely used for wound-healing and antibacterial applications. CNTs-based materials exhibited improved antimicrobial, antibacterial, adhesive, antioxidants, and mechanical properties, which are beneficial for the wound-healing process.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Diatom-Derived Silica for Biomedical Applications
Diatoms are unicellular eukaryotic microalgae widely distributed in aquatic environments, possessing a porous silica cell wall known as frustule. Diatom frustules are considered as a sustainable source for several industrial applications because of their high biocompatibility and the easiness of surface functionalisation, which make frustules suitable for regenerative medicine and as drug carriers. Frustules are made of hydrated silica, and can be extracted and purified both from living and fossil diatoms using acid treatments or high temperatures. Biosilica frustules have proved to be suitable for biomedical applications, but, unfortunately, they are not officially recognised as safe by governmental food and medical agencies yet.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Fugitive Dust
Fugitive dust is a serious threat to unpaved road users from a safety and health point of view. Dust suppressing materials or dust suppressants are often employed to lower the fugitive dust. Currently, many dust suppressants are commercially available and are being developed for various applications. 
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Effects of Magnetic Nanomaterials on Biological Neural signals
By sending electrical, optical, chemical, auditory, or magnetic stimuli to specific neural tissue, a process known as neuromodulation may be used to alter neuronal activity. Through active research efforts, the development of nanotechnology has recently revolutionized neuromodulation techniques. On the one hand, the adaptable nano-science toolbox promoted neuromodulation techniques that were previously associated with huge devices toward shrunk devices with soft mechanics, closely packed components, and long-lasting performance. The neurological issue may be seamlessly integrated with these nanoscale instruments due to their enhanced spatial resolution and precise targeting capabilities. In addition, magnetic nanoparticles represent a significant aspect of magnetic neuromodulation development. Deep brain stimulation is possible with the use of superparamagnetic nanoparticles, which can be delivered to the brain and controlled remotely. Additionally, by regulating certain ion channels, force-generating or heat-dissipating super-paramagnetic nanoparticles can be employed for wireless neuromodulation. Specific cells’ ion channels are targeted by taking advantage of their inherent functionality or via genetic modification. Magnetic nanoparticles’ magnetic forces activate mechanosensitive channels, such as TREK1 and Piezo1, and magnetic nanoparticles that produce heat in response to an external alternating magnetic field can activate heat-sensitive ion channels, such as TRPV1.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Albumin Nanovectors
Albumin nanovectors represent one of the most promising carriers recently generated because of the cost-effectiveness of their fabrication, biocompatibility, safety, and versatility in delivering hydrophilic and hydrophobic therapeutics and diagnostic agents.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Targeted Microbubbles for Immunotherapy Applications
Microbubbles are 1–10 μm diameter gas-filled acoustically-active particles, typically stabilized by a phospholipid monolayer shell. In cancer immunotherapy, the microbubble shell can be engineered through the bioconjugation of molecular ligands to facilitate the delivery and uptake of drugs, genes, or cells. This approach allows for precise control of immune stimulation and improves the delivery and pharmacokinetics of immunomodulatory agents at the target site. It has emerged as an attractive strategy for treating various cancer immunotherapy modalities, including monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell transfer, cytokine therapy, and vaccines.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Natural Polymeric Carbohydrate-Based Antibiofilm Materials
Natural biopolymers, especially carbohydrates, show excellent material properties, such as mechanical strength, plasticity, and biodegradability. In addition, the anionic charges of hydrophilic polysaccharides (such as sulfate polysaccharides, hyaluronic acid, etc.) allow ionic attraction with metal ions or organic salts, and thereby they achieve antibacterial material properties. These antibacterial materials can be used to make implants for biomedical use. However, in-vivo compatibility remains a major limitation of such polymeric materials. 
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Titanium Foils
Titanium membranes used as barrier element in guided bone regeneration procedures. These membranes prevent the penetration of epithelial cells and fibroblasts and allow access to the bone defect of osteogenic and stem cells originating from the native bone. They have different formats, from a titanium sheet to be formed intraoperatively to a custom-made occlusive barrier from a previous computed tomography scan of the bone defect.
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Design of Hybrid Polymer-Protein Systems
Proteins are biomacromolecules widely present in biological processes in vivo with important functions, such as biological catalysis, high-affinity molecule recognition, and activation and/or inhibition of cellular pathways. Polymer-protein systems have excellent characteristics, such as non-toxic, non-irritating, good water solubility and biocompatibility, which makes them very appealing as cancer therapeutics agents. 
  • 1.1K
  • 29 May 2023
Topic Review
Nanoporous Stainless Steel Materials for Body Implants
Despite the inadequate biocompatibility, medical-grade stainless steel materials have been used as body implants for decades. The desired biological response of surfaces to specific applications in the body is a highly challenging task, and usually not all the requirements of a biomaterial can be achieved. Nanostructured surfaces have shown intriguing results as cell selectivity can be achieved by specific surface nanofeatures. Nanoporous structures can be fabricated by anodic oxidation, which has been widely studied for titanium and its alloys, while no systematic studies are available for stainless steel (SS) materials.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
General Synthesis Methods of Poly (ε-caprolactone)-Based Graft Copolymers
Synthetic biopolymers are attractive alternatives to biobased polymers, especially because they rarely induce an immune response in a living organism. Poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) is a well-known synthetic aliphatic polyester universally used for many applications, including biomedical and environmental ones.  To expand the range of applications for PCL, researchers have investigated the possibility of grafting polymer chains onto the PCL backbone. As the PCL backbone is not functionalized, it must be first functionalized in order to be able to graft reactive groups onto the PCL chain. These reactive groups will then allow the grafting of new reagents and especially new polymer chains. Grafting of polymer chains is mainly carried out by “grafting from” or “grafting onto” methods.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Functional Polymeric Biomaterials Prepared by RIGC
Functional polymeric biomaterials (FPBMs) represent the most popular usage of natural, synthetic, or hybrid polymeric materials interacting with biological regimes and are used to protect against microbes and regenerate, repair, and treat any type of tissue in the organs, or improve the functions of the human body. FPBMs with bioactive characteristics obtained by radiation-induced graft copolymerisation (RIGC) have been subjected to intensive research and developed into many commercial products. Various studies have reported the development of a variety of radiation-grafted FPBMs.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Nanozyme-Based Glucose Biofuel Cells
The appearance and evolution of biofuel cells can be categorized into three groups: microbial biofuel cells (MBFCs), enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs), and enzyme-like nanomaterial (nanozyme)-based biofuel cells (NBFCs). MBFCs can produce electricity from waste; however, they have significantly low power output as well as difficulty in controlling electron transfer and microbial growth. EBFCs are more productive in generating electricity with the assistance of natural enzymes, but their vulnerability under diverse environmental conditions has critically hindered practical applications.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Role of Barbed Sutures in Reconstructive Surgery
Surgical ligatures are a critical component of any surgical procedure since they are the device that provides immediate post-surgical tissue apposition. There have been several studies to improve the design and use of these wound closure devices for different surgical procedures. Yet, there is no standardized technique or device that can be used for any specific application. Over the last two decades, there has been an increased focus on the innovative surgical sutures known as knotless or barbed sutures, along with studies focusing on their advantages and disadvantages in clinical environments. Barbed sutures were invented to reduce the localized stress on the approximated tissues as well as facilitating the surgical technique and improving the clinical outcome for the patient. Barbed sutures can be used in several surgical situations, such as emergency room procedures, general and thoracic applications, urological surgery, orthopedic and hand applications, obstetric and gynecological procedures, hair restoration and in the majority of plastic, reconstructive and cosmetic applications.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Biomacromolecules for Wound Dressings
Biomacromolecules are particularly promising for the fabrication of novel, more effective antimicrobial wound dressings.
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Wall Materials of Peptide Microcapsules
Microencapsulation technology can improve the utilization rate of the active peptides. Microencapsulation technology is a kind of encapsulation technology based on nanocarriers. The microencapsulation of peptides refers to the selection of appropriate wall materials and the use of physical, chemical, or physicochemical methods to embed the active peptides, in order to give play to the advantages of isolating the interaction between the active peptide and the external environment.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Polymeric Hydrogel Carrier for Nerve Repair
Nerve regeneration and repair still remain a huge challenge for both central nervous and peripheral nervous system. Although some therapeutic substances, including neuroprotective agents,clinical drugs and stem cells, as well as various growth factors, are found to be effective to promote nerve repair, a carrier system that possesses a sustainable release behavior, in order to ensure high on-site concentration during the whole repair and regeneration process, and high bioavailability is still highly desirable. Hydrogel, as an ideal delivery system, has an excellent loading capacity and sustainable release behavior, as well as tunable physical and chemical properties to adapt to various biomedical scenarios; thus, it is thought to be a suitable carrier system for nerve repair. 
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Apr 2022
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