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Topic Review
Progress of Dispersants for Coal Water Slurry
This article provides a comprehensive review of existing coal water slurry dispersants, and points out the existing problems and possible future development directions.
  • 380
  • 12 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Metal-Organic Frame Materials in Water Purification
 Metal-Organic Frame Materials (MOFs) are a class of porous materials with a three-dimensional frame structure shaped by the self-assembly of metal centers and organic ligands. Because of its unique performance advantages, it has become a promising adsorbent.
  • 373
  • 13 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Nanoparicles in Latent Fingerprinting
Latent fingerprints are commonly found at crime scenes and can provide valuable evidence for forensic investigations. However, latent fingerprints are often difficult to detect and develop, especially on porous or complex surfaces. Nanoparticles have emerged as a promising tool for the development of latent fingerprints, as they can enhance the contrast and ridge details of the fingerprint. The recent advances in the use of nanoparticles for latent fingerprint development, including gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, carbon nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles, and iron oxide nanoparticles were summarized here. Current article encompasses the principles of physical and chemical interactions between nanoparticles and fingerprint residue, as well as the factors that can affect the performance of nanoparticles in latent fingerprint development. We also highlight the potential applications and limitations of nanoparticle-based fingerprint development in forensic investigations.
  • 372
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Biomedical Applications of CaPO4 Deposits
The clinical applications of CaPO4 alone were largely limited to non-load-bearing areas of the body. However, investigations have continued and researchers have begun to deposit biocompatible CaPO4 on the surface of mechanically strong but biologically inert or biotoxic materials in order to combine the benefits of various materials. For example, metal implants are used in artificial joints such as hip joints and artificial tooth roots as sufficient mechanical stability is required.  Since no metal alone causes osseointegration, i.e., they do not create a mechanically stable connection between the implant and bone tissue, they are coated with CaPO4 to create osseointegration. However, the problem of osseointegration is not limited to metals. Biodegradable polymers are also generally not bioactive. Therefore, to overcome this disadvantage, the surface of those polymers is also coated with CaPO4 and can be replaced by autogenous bone after implantation, as CaPO4 is involved in the same bone regeneration response as natural bones.
  • 372
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Nanomembranes-Affiliated Water Remediation
Water contamination has become a global crisis, affecting millions of people worldwide and causing diseases and illnesses, including cholera, typhoid, and hepatitis A. Conventional water remediation methods have several challenges, including their inability to remove emerging contaminants and their high cost and environmental impact. Nanomembranes offer a promising solution to these challenges. Nanomembranes are thin, selectively permeable membranes that can remove contaminants from water based on size, charge, and other properties. They offer several advantages over conventional methods, including their ability to remove evolving pollutants, low functioning price, and reduced ecological influence. However, there are numerous limitations linked with the applications of nanomembranes in water remediation, including fouling and scaling, cost-effectiveness, and potential environmental impact. 
  • 370
  • 15 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Biochar-Based Materials for Wastewater Treatment
Biochar is an important, interesting, low-cost material with various agricultural, industrial, and scientific applications. Biochar is a name given to vegetable-derived charcoal, which can be used as an agent to improve soil and water quality. This carbon-rich substance can be produced by the carbonization of biomass residues (e.g., wood, dung, manure, or leaves) in thermal conversion processes, such as pyrolysis, torrefaction, and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). Among them, pyrolysis is the most common process to obtain biochar under anaerobic conditions and high temperatures. In addition, heat, syngas, liquid fuels, and pyroligneous acid (wood vinegar) are also generated during this process.
  • 370
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
H2 in CO Oxidation over Ceria Catalysts
The preferential CO oxidation (so-called CO-PROX) is the selective CO oxidation amid H2-rich atmospheres, a process where ceria-based materials are consolidated catalysts. This article aims to disentangle the potential CO–H2 synergism under CO-PROX conditions on the low-index ceria surfaces (111), (110) and (100). Polycrystalline ceria, nanorods and ceria nanocubes were prepared to assess the physicochemical features of the targeted surfaces. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transformed spectroscopy (DRIFTS) shows that ceria surfaces are strongly carbonated even at room temperature by the effect of CO, with their depletion related to the CO oxidation onset. Conversely, formate species formed upon OH + CO interaction appear at temperatures around 60 °C and remain adsorbed regardless the reaction degree, indicating that these species do not take part in the CO oxidation. Density functional theory calculations (DFT) reveal that ceria facets exhibit high OH coverages all along the CO-PROX reaction, whilst CO is only chemisorbed on the (110) termination. 
  • 366
  • 13 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Development of Thermoelectric Half-Heusler Alloys
Half-Heusler alloys are among the most promising thermoelectric materials. 
  • 360
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Rare Earths Recovery Using ILs and ILs
Ionic liquids (ILs), or room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), are a class of chemicals consisting of ions that maintain a liquid state below 100 °C. ILs serve as the basis of deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which formed a new class of chemicals characterized as being formed by mixtures of components of a eutectic, with the resulting product presenting a melting point lower than the values presented by the pure components. The presence of these rare earths in different wastes varies for each element, and it seems to be difficult to establish a fixed concentration for each element.
  • 356
  • 10 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Use of Plant Extracts as Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors
Corrosion inhibitors have traditionally been utilised to protect copper alloy sculptures from corrosion despite the recognised environmental and human health risks. Knowing the associated toxicity, ongoing extensive research seeks alternative substances for corrosion reduction, giving rise to the emergence of green inhibitors. In this pursuit, plant extract inhibitors have gained attention, particularly in the heritage field. 
  • 354
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Pb(II) Ions Preconcentration and Removal
Graphene-based nanomaterials have attracted significant interest as potential adsorbents for Pb(II) preconcentration and removal due to their high specific surface area, exceptional porosities, numerous adsorption sites and functionalization ease. Particularly, incorporation of magnetic particles with graphene adsorbents offers an effective approach to overcome the separation problems after a lead enrichment step.
  • 347
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Game-Changing Guide to Advances in Solid-State Battery Cathodes
As global energy priorities shift toward sustainable alternatives, the need for innovative energy storage solutions becomes increasingly crucial. In this landscape, solid-state batteries (SSBs) emerge as a leading contender, offering a significant upgrade over conventional lithium-ion batteries in terms of energy density, safety, and lifespan. 
  • 339
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Gas-Phase Oxidative Dehydrogenation of n-Octane
The oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of alkanes, whereby hydrogen is removed to form unsaturated compounds, is an important process, particularly in the petrochemical industry. The ODH of lighter alkanes (C3–C6) is well-reported in the literature, and there are several reports on the ODH of n-octane (C8).
  • 313
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Near Infrared Photosensitive Indocyanine Green Molecules
Indocyanine green (ICG) is an important kind of near infrared (NIR) photosensitive molecules for photothermal therapy (PTT)/photodynamic therapy (PDT) therapy as well as imaging. When exposed to NIR light, ICG can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can kill cancer cells and pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, the absorbed light can also be converted into heat by ICG molecules to eliminate cancer cells. In addition, it performs exceptionally well in optical imaging-guided tumor therapy and antimicrobial therapy due to its deeper tissue penetration and low photobleaching properties in the near-infrared region compared to other dyes. In order to solve the problems of water and optical stability and multi-function problem of ICG molecules, composite nanomaterials based on ICG have been designed and widely used, especially in the fields of tumors and sterilization. 
  • 307
  • 26 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Carboxylation
Carbon dioxide is ideal for carboxylation reactions as a renewable and sustainable C1 feedstock and has significant recognition owing to its low cost, non-toxicity, and high abundance. To depreciate the environmental concentration of CO2, which causes the greenhouse gas effect, developing new catalytic protocols for organic synthesis in CO2 utilization is of great importance. 
  • 301
  • 12 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Transition Metal Phosphide Based Seawater Electrolysis
Large-scale hydrogen (H2) production is an essential gear in the future bioeconomy. Hydrogen production through electrocatalytic seawater splitting is a crucial technique and has gained considerable attention. The direct seawater electrolysis technique has been designed to use seawater in place of highly purified water, which is essential for electrolysis, since seawater is widely available.
  • 294
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Copper–Sulfur Composite with Carbon-Based Materials for Supercapacitors Applications
Supercapacitors (SCs) are a novel type of energy storage device that exhibit features such as a short charging time, a long service life, excellent temperature characteristics, energy saving, and environmental protection. The capacitance of SCs depends on the electrode materials. Currently, carbon-based materials, transition metal oxides/hydroxides, and conductive polymers are widely used as electrode materials. However, the low specific capacitance of carbon-based materials, high cost of transition metal oxides/hydroxides, and poor cycling performance of conductive polymers as electrodes limit their applications. Copper–sulfur compounds used as electrode materials exhibit excellent electrical conductivity, a wide voltage range, high specific capacitance, diverse structures, and abundant copper reserves, and have been widely studied in catalysis, sensors, supercapacitors, solar cells, and other fields. 
  • 293
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Environmental Applications of Organoclays
Natural clay mineral and its modifier called modified clay have been used in many environmental applications for a number of years. Clay is the best candidate for green chemistry materials because it is a natural material that is readily available and offers an attractive and cost-effective pollutant treatment option.
  • 287
  • 23 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Current Methods of Melasma Treatment
Melasma is a fairly common condition that is the result of hyperpigmentation caused by increased melanin secretion. In the course of melasma, certain areas of the skin become darker than the rest of the epidermis. Although the pathogenesis remains incompletely clarified, several contributing factors have been identified, namely exposure to ultraviolet and visible light, family predisposition, pregnancy, and the use of exogenous hormones. Since current beauty standards associate healthy skin with its flawless and uniform color, people strive to eliminate any unaesthetic discoloration.
  • 286
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Cyclodextrins Application
Cyclodextrins are a family of macrocyclic polysugars. Although a wide range of ring sizes have been synthesised, the most common variants of these moieties are α, β and χ-cyclodextrins, which contain 6, 7 and 8 α-1,4-d-glucopyranoside units, respectively, in the macrocyclic ring.
  • 284
  • 07 Nov 2023
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