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Topic Review
Glyphosate-Based Herbicide
To meet the demands of farmers and combat weed problems, woodlands and farmlands are sprayed with agrochemicals, primarily glyphosate-based herbicides. Farmers increasingly embrace these herbicides containing glyphosate. Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), a key metabolite of glyphosate, have been reported as toxicological concerns when they become more prevalent in the food chain.
  • 1.4K
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
List of Delta IV Medium Launches
Since November 2002, rockets from the Delta 4 Medium family have been launched 29 times, all of which were successful. Its last flight was with a 3rd generation GPS satellite in August 2019.
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Parisoma
Coordinates: 37°46′24.89″N 122°24′57.19″W / 37.7735806°N 122.4158861°W / 37.7735806; -122.4158861 Parisoma (/ˈpærɪˈsoʊmə/) is a coworking space and open incubator in the SoMa district of San Francisco founded and managed by the firm Fabernovel. In addition to providing shared work space to approximately 120 members, it also hosts events and classes related to design, business, technology, and entrepreneurship.
  • 1.4K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Biography
Martin Giurfa
Martin Giurfa is an Argentinean-French neurobiologist and neuroethologist (born September 1962), member of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, the Académie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique, and the Institut Universitaire de France (IUF). He is acknowledged for his work on the neural mechanisms of cognition in invertebrates, which he mostly explores
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts Derived from Biopolymers
Due to the limited reaction rate of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), it is considered as a limiting factor in the performance of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Platinum is considered the benchmark catalyst for ORR; however, the scarcity of platinum, its high price, the drift phenomenon, its insufficient durability, and its susceptibility to gas poisoning are the reasons for the constant search for new ORR catalysts. Carbon-based catalysts show exceptional promise in this respect considering economic profitability and activity, and, in addition, they have favorable conductivity and often a large specific surface area.
  • 1.4K
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Wildfire Spread Risk Challenge
Wildfires are sudden and destructive natural hazards that pose significant challenges in response and relief efforts. Wildfires occur annually across the globe, influenced by factors such as climate, combustible materials, and ignition sources. In recent years, researchers have shown increasing interest in studying wildfires, resulting in a large number of related studies. These studies cover a variety of topics including wildfire forecasting and forecasting, spatial and temporal pattern analysis, ecological impact assessment, simulation of wildfire behavior, identification of contributing factors, development of risk assessment models, management techniques for combustible materials, firefighting decision-making techniques, and fire protection. burning method. Understanding the factors that influence wildfire spread behavior, employing modeling methods, and conducting risk assessments are critical for effective wildfire prevention, mitigation, and emergency response.
  • 1.4K
  • 16 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Klebsiella pneumoniae in Clinical Settings and the Environment
The increasing reports of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae have emerged as a public health concern, raising questions about the potential routes for the evolution and dissemination of the pathogenic K. pneumoniae into environmental reservoirs. Potential drivers of the increased incidence of antimicrobial-resistant environmental K. pneumoniae include the eminent global climatic variations as a direct or indirect effect of human activities. 
  • 1.4K
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Automatic Recognition of 2D Engineering Drawings
In an environment where manufacturing precision requirements are increasing, complete project plans can consist of hundreds of engineering drawings. The presentation of these drawings often varies based on personal preferences, leading to inconsistencies in format and symbols. The lack of standardization in these aspects can result in inconsistent interpretations during subsequent analysis. Therefore, proper annotation of engineering drawings is crucial as it determines product quality, subsequent inspections, and processing costs. To reduce the time and cost associated with interpreting and analyzing drawings, as well as to minimize human errors in judgment, researchers developed an engineering drawing recognition system. Existing 2D engineering drawings serve as the training data, and image segmentation is performed to identify objects such as dimensions, tolerances, functional frames, and geometric symbols in the drawings using the network model. By reading the coordinates corresponding to each object, the correct values are displayed.
  • 1.4K
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Internal Iliac Artery Anatomy
The internal iliac artery (IIA), previously referred to the hypogastric artery, is the primary arterial vessel of the pelvis. It supplies the pelvic viscera, pelvic walls, perineum, and the gluteal region. The blood supply to the uterus comes from some of the IIA divisions and their anastomoses
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Arabic Sign Language Recognition
Sign language recognition, an essential interface between the hearing and deaf-mute communities, faces challenges with high false positive rates and computational costs, even with the use of advanced deep learning techniques.
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Jan 2024
Topic Review
PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK Pathways in Gastric Cancer
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, with more than 1 million cases diagnosed every year. Helicobacter pylori represents the main risk factor, being responsible for 78% of the cases. Increased amounts of salt, pickled food, red meat, alcohol, smoked food, and refined sugars negatively affect the stomach wall, contributing to GC development.
  • 1.4K
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Long Non-Coding RNAs in Heart Failure
Heart failure (HF) is a widespread cardiovascular condition that poses significant risks to a wide spectrum of age groups and leads to terminal illness. Although our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of HF has improved, the available treatments still remain inadequate. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as crucial players in cardiac function, showing possibilities as potential targets for HF therapy. These versatile molecules interact with chromatin, proteins, RNA, and DNA, influencing gene regulation.
  • 1.4K
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Hoffman's Consciousness Realism and Obidi's Theory of Entropicity(ToE)
Donald Hoffman turns perception on its head by arguing that what we see isn’t a window onto reality but a species-specific user interface shaped by evolution. His Interface Theory of Perception likens our senses to icons on a computer desktop: they’re simplified tools for survival, not accurate portrayals of the world. According to his Fitness-Beats-Truth theorem, organisms whose perceptions prioritize reproductive fitness always outcompete those tuned to objective reality. Building on this, Hoffman’s Multimodal User Interface framework shows how different senses combine to construct our seamless “reality,” even though each modality hides the true complexity beneath. He then takes a radical step with Conscious Realism: the claim that consciousness is fundamental and that what we call the physical world is a network of interacting conscious agents. In his view, brains don’t produce consciousness; consciousness gives rise to brains and the very objects we believe populate space-time. Together, these ideas form a form of philosophical idealism. Hoffman borrows from Berkeley and Leibniz but adds mathematical rigor and evolutionary theory to argue that our everyday world is an evolved illusion—powerful and consistent, yet hiding the deeper truth of a universe built on mind rather than matter.
  • 1.4K
  • 11 Aug 2025
Topic Review
Design of Brushless Doubly Fed Machines
Doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) are the most widely used generators in wind turbines. However, due to the incessant failures of their slip rings and brushes, the operating and maintenance costs of DFIG based wind turbines are high; this is even worse in remote areas like offshore wind sites. Research interest on brushless doubly fed induction machines (BDFMs) is increasing, as they offer higher reliability compared to doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) in wind turbines.
  • 1.4K
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Sickle Cell Retinopathy
This work provides a complete review on sickle cell retinopathy (SCR), the most representative ophtalmologic complication of sickle cell disease (SCD), a hemoglobinopathy affecting both adults and children. It extensively relates the classification, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, risk factors, diagnosis, prevention and therapeutic options for SCR. It also highlights the need of a multidisciplinary theranostic approach.
  • 1.4K
  • 14 Dec 2020
Topic Review
NAFLD and Cardiovascular Diseases
Overwhelming evidence suggests an association of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely speculative.
  • 1.4K
  • 09 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Endodontic Microsurgery of Mandibular Molars
Endodontic microsurgery is a highly predictable treatment option in most cases when conventional endodontic treatment is not feasible. 
  • 1.4K
  • 22 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Rare Mutations in Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is a worldwide prevalent malignancy. This disease has a low survival rate due to diagnosis at a late stage challenged by the involvement of metastatic sites. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is presented in 85% of cases. The last decade has experienced substantial advancements in scientific research, leading to a novel targeted therapeutic approach. The newly developed pharmaceutical agents are aimed towards specific mutations, detected in individual patients inflicted by lung cancer. These drugs have longer and improved response rates compared to traditional chemotherapy.
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Drug-Resistance of Candida glabrata
Candida glabrata is a yeast of increasing medical relevance, particularly in critically ill patients. It is the second most isolated Candida species associated with invasive candidiasis (IC) behind C. albicans. The attributed higher incidence is primarily due to an increase in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) population, cancer, and diabetic patients. The elderly population and the frequent use of indwelling medical devices are also predisposing factors.
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Action of Cardiac Glycosides
Cardiac glycosides are natural sterols and constitute a group of secondary metabolites isolated from plants and animals.
  • 1.4K
  • 31 Aug 2021
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