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Topic Review
Biography
Topic Review
Cultivation and Pharmacological Activities of
Taxus mairei
Taxus mairei (Lemée and H.Lév.) S.Y.Hu, indigenous to the southern regions of China, is an evergreen tree belonging to the genus Taxus of the Taxaceae family. Owing to its content of various bioactive compounds, it exhibits multiple pharmacological activities and has been widely applied in clinical medicine.
98
14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Immune Bases of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is an immune-mediated disease affecting children under sixteen for at least six weeks. It manifests with joint inflammation, stiffness, and restricted movement. Unlike adult rheumatoid arthritis, JIA is often outgrown, but it may impact bone development in those still growing. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is currently the most common chronic rheumatic disease in children. It is known to have no single identity, but a variety of diagnoses.
134
14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Molecular Pathology of Melanoma
Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, presents a significant clinical challenge due to its high metastatic potential and resistance to conventional therapies. It originates from melanocytes and is increasingly prevalent. Melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer, is characterized by rapid progression and high mortality. Recent advances in molecular pathogenesis have shed light on genetic and epigenetic changes that drive melanoma development.
89
14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Genetic Variations and Antibiotic-Related Adverse Events
Antibiotic-related adverse events are common in both adults and children, and knowledge of the factors that favor the development of antibiotic-related adverse events is essential to limit their occurrence and severity. Genetics can condition the development of antibiotic-related adverse events, and the screening of patients with supposed or demonstrated specific genetic mutations may reduce drug-related adverse events.
324
14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Polypharmacy in Older Patients with COVID-19
Polypharmacy is the use of multiple and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) that lack sufficient evidence of benefits and/or increase the risks of adverse drug reactions. It is an increasing problem among older adults. The global polypharmacy prevalence is 34.6% in patients with COVID-19, and polypharmacy in COVID-19 increases with age.
86
14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Cancer Cachexia and Dysregulated Phosphate Metabolism
A diet high in phosphorus fed to mice deficient in klotho, a cofactor that regulates phosphate metabolism, accelerates aging, sarcopenia, general organ atrophy, kyphosis, and osteoporosis. Similar effects are seen in phenotypes of mutant p53 mice that overexpress the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Although mutant p53 mice do not develop tumors compared to wild-type mice, mutant p53 mice have shorter mean lifespans. Furthermore, tumorigenesis is associated with the sequestration of excessive inorganic phosphate, and dangerous levels of phosphate are released into circulation during tumor lysis syndrome. In total, this evidence implies that tumorigenesis may be a compensatory mechanism that provides protective effects against systemic exposure to dysregulated phosphate metabolism and phosphate toxicity related to cachexia in cancer.
142
14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Phosphate Toxicity Associated with Tumorigenesis and Obesity
Phosphate toxicity, the accumulation of excess phosphate in the body from dysregulated phosphate metabolism, is associated with tumorigenesis. High levels of hormones that regulate phosphate metabolism, such as parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23, are also associated with obesity, providing a potential link between obesity and phosphate toxicity. Increased dietary intake of inorganic phosphate is linked to excessive consumption of foods processed with phosphate additives, and consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with an increase in the incidence of obesity.
158
14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Reporting Bias in COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Clinical Trials
Relative risk reduction and absolute risk reduction measures in the evaluation of clinical trial data are poorly understood by health professionals and the public. The absence of reported absolute risk reduction in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials can lead to outcome reporting bias that affects the interpretation of vaccine efficacy.
206
14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Snake Venom Disintegrins in Angiogenesis
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological conditions. Snake venom disintegrins (SVDs) have been identified as significant regulators of this process.
92
14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Advancements in Glaucoma Diagnosis
The progress of artificial intelligence algorithms in digital image processing and automatic diagnosis studies of the eye disease glaucoma has been growing and presenting essential advances to guarantee better clinical care for the population.
184
14 Mar 2024
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