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Topic Review
Anomalous Properties of Cyclodextrins
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides that emerged as industrial excipients in the early 1970s and are currently found in at least 130 marketed pharmaceutical products, in addition to numerous other consumer products. Although CDs have been the subject of close to 100,000 publications since their discovery, and although their structure and properties appear to be trivial, CDs are constantly surprising investigators by their unique physicochemical properties. In aqueous solutions, CDs are solubilizing complexing agents of poorly soluble drugs while they can also act as organic cosolvents like ethanol. CDs and their complexes self-assemble in aqueous solutions to form both nano- and microparticles. The nanoparticles have diameters that are well below the wavelength of visible light; thus, the solutions appear to be clear. However, the nanoparticles can result in erroneous conclusions and misinterpretations of experimental results. CDs can act as penetration enhancers, increasing drug permeation through lipophilic membranes, but they do so without affecting the membrane barrier.
  • 218
  • 27 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Antagonists of the AT1receptor
Antagonists of the AT1receptor (AT1R) are beneficial molecules that can prevent the peptide hormone angiotensin II from binding and activating the specific receptor causing hypertension in pathological states.
  • 759
  • 06 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Anthocyanin-Based Polymers for Healthcare Applications
Anthocyanins are a specific group of molecules found in nature that have recently received increasing attention due to their interesting biological and colorimetric properties that have been successfully applied in several fields such as food preservation and biomedicine. Meanwhile, the incorporation of anthocyanins into polymeric systems has become an interesting strategy to widen the applicability of these molecules and develop new smart and functional polymers in the above-cited areas. 
  • 304
  • 14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Anthocyanins and Hepatoprotection
Anthocyanins are water-soluble, colored compounds of the flavonoid class, abundantly found in the fruits, leaves, roots, and other parts of the plants. The fruit berries are prime sources and exhibit different colors. The anthocyanins utility as traditional medicament for liver protection and cure, and importance as strongest plants-based anti-oxidants have conferred these plants products different biological activities. These activities include anti-inflammation, liver protective, analgesic, and anti-cancers, which have provided the anthocyanins an immense commercial value, and has impelled their chemistry, biological activity, isolation, and quality investigations as prime focus. 
  • 813
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Anti-Aggregation-Enabled Colorimetric Sensing Applications of Nanoparticles
Gold- and silver nanoparticles (Au NPs and Ag NPs)-based colorimetric detection of specific analytes has attracted intense research interest and is still in great demand. The majority of Au NPs- and Ag NPs-based sensory reports have revealed that, during the analyte recognition, dispersed NPs typically aggregated and displayed color changes from wine-red to blue/purple and yellow to orange/brown, respectively. On the other hand, only a few reports demonstrated that the aggregated Au NPs and Ag NPs underwent anti-aggregation in the presence of certain analytes, which displayed reversed color changes from blue/purple to wine-red and orange/brown to yellow, correspondingly. There are some examples of anti-aggregation phenomena mentioned in a vast number of studies on Au NPs- and Ag NPs-based colorimetric sensors via NP aggregation.
  • 429
  • 29 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Anti-Breast Cancer Properties of Curcumin Analogs
Breast cancer (BC), the most common malignancy in women, results from significant alterations in genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that alter multiple signaling pathways in growth and malignant progression, leading to limited long-term survival. Curcumin (a natural yellow pigment), the principal ingredient in the spice turmeric, is well-documented for its diverse pharmacological properties including anti-cancer activity. However, its clinical application has been limited because of its low solubility, stability, and bioavailability. To overcome the limitation of curcumin, several modified curcumin conjugates and curcumin analogs were developed and studied for their anti-cancer properties.
  • 385
  • 22 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Anti-Cancer Effect of Gypsogenin and Gypsogenic Acid
Gypsogenin possesses a versatile and unique aldehyde group that can be utilized to create covalent interactions with undruggable targets. Gypsogenin carboxamides have demonstrated high cytotoxic activity against breast and lung cancer. The bisamides of gypsogenic acid possess prominent activity as well; however, their anti-leukemic activity is yet to be explored.
  • 236
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Anti-Caries Nanomaterials
Caries is the most common and extensive oral chronic disease. Due to the lack of anti-caries properties, traditional caries filling materials can easily cause secondary caries and lead to treatment failure. Nanomaterials can interfere with the bacteria metabolism, inhibit the formation of biofilm, reduce demineralization, and promote remineralization, which is expected to be an effective strategy for caries management. 
  • 671
  • 14 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Anti-COVID-19 potential of Clove phytochemicals
The current COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is enormously affecting the worldwide health and economy. In the wait for an effective global immunization, the development of a specific therapeutic protocol to treat COVID-19 patients is clearly necessary as a short-term solution of the problem. Drug repurposing and herbal medicine represent two of the most explored strategies for an anti-COVID-19 drug discovery. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) is a well-known culinary spice that has been used for centuries in folk medicine in many disorders. Interestingly, traditional medicines have used clove since ancient times to treat respiratory ailments, whilst clove ingredients show antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. Other interesting features are the clove antithrombotic, immunostimulatory, and antibacterial effects.
  • 6.2K
  • 13 May 2021
Topic Review
Anti-Graffiti Treatments on Natural Stone Materials
Graffiti vandalism represents an aesthetic and structural phenomenon of degradation both for buildings and cultural heritage: the most used sprays and markers can permeate the stone materials exposing them to degradation. Hence, great attention is being currently devoted to new non-invasive chemical approaches to face this urgent problem. This work is aimed at deeply examining the effects of some of the most sustainable chemical protective methods on the physical properties of natural building materials (e.g., tuff and limestone) by testing two commercial antigraffiti products.
  • 577
  • 21 Jan 2022
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