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Topic Review
Reliable Hallmarks and Biomarkers of Senescent Lymphocytes
The accumulation of senescent cells increases age-related background inflammation, “Inflammaging”, causing lymphocyte exhaustion and cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, autoimmune and cancer diseases.  Although modern research has not yet identified specific markers of aging lymphocytes, several sets of markers facilitate the separation of the aging population based on normal memory and exhausted cells for further genetic and functional analysis. The reasons for the higher predisposition of CD8+ T-lymphocytes to senescence compared to the CD4+ population are also discussed. The suppression of immune senescence is the most relevant area of research aimed at developing anti-aging and anti-cancer therapy for prolonging the lifespan of the global population.
  • 192
  • 23 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Exopolysaccharides Synthesized by Rhizospheric Bacteria
Plants are constantly exposed to a wide range of environmental factors that cause different kinds of stress, such as drought, salinity, heat, frost, and low nutrient availability. There are also biotic sources of stress, which include pathogens (bacteria, viruses, pests), herbivores, and plant competitors. These various types of stress affect normal plant physiology and development, and may lead to significantly lower yields. However, certain microorganisms (MOs), known as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), can interact with and benefit plants in stressful environments. They do so through a series of mechanisms which contribute to minimizing the negative effects of plants’ responses to stress. 
  • 233
  • 23 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Biomarkers in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is a prevalent cancer associated with poor prognosis in advanced stages. Despite advancements in diagnostic tools, there have been minimal improvements in therapeutic approaches. The potential new frontier lies in the realm of biomarkers.
  • 279
  • 23 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Engineering and Expression Strategies for Optimization of L-Asparaginase
L-asparaginase, an enzyme widely used in the clinic for the treatment of leukemia and in bakeries for the reduction of acrylamide. Newly developed recombinant L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) may have a low affinity for asparagine, reduced catalytic activity, low stability, and increased glutaminase activity or immunogenicity. Some successful commercial preparations of L-ASNase are now available. Therefore, obtaining novel L-ASNases with improved properties suitable for food or clinical applications remains a challenge. 
  • 326
  • 23 Nov 2023
Topic Review
miRNA-Based Technologies in Cancer Therapy
The discovery of therapeutic miRNAs is one of the most exciting challenges for pharmaceutical companies. Since the first miRNA was discovered in 1993, our knowledge of miRNA biology has grown considerably. Many studies have demonstrated that miRNA expression is dysregulated in many diseases, making them appealing tools for novel therapeutic approaches.
  • 369
  • 23 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Linear Dichroism Measurements for Protein-DNA Interactions
Linear dichroism (LD) is a differential polarized light absorption spectroscopy used for studying filamentous molecules such as DNA and protein filaments. Here shows the applications of LD for the analysis of DNA-protein interactions. LD signals can be measured in a solution by aligning the sample using flow-induced shear force or a strong electric field. The signal generated is related to the local orientation of chromophores, such as DNA bases, relative to the filament axis. LD can thus assess the tilt and roll of DNA bases and distinguish intercalating from groove-binding ligands. The intensity of the LD signal depends upon the degree of macroscopic orientation. Therefore, DNA shortening and bending can be detected by a decrease in LD signal intensity. 
  • 220
  • 23 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Data-Driven Soil Analysis and Evaluation for Smart Farming
Food shortage issues affect more and more of the population globally as a consequence of the climate crisis, wars, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing crop output has become one of the urgent priorities for many countries. To raise the productivity of the crop product, it is necessary to monitor and evaluate farmland soil quality by analyzing the physical and chemical properties of soil since the soil is the base to provide nutrition to the crop.
  • 252
  • 23 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Toxicities of AFB1 and FB1 In Vitro
Mycotoxins stand out as some of the most threatening natural contaminants in food. Among these, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) are prominent fungal metabolites, representing significant food safety risks due to their widespread co-occurrence in various food commodities and their profound toxic effects on humans.
  • 470
  • 23 Nov 2023
Topic Review
The Genus Eranthis
Despite the limited geographic range of Eranthis plants, it is possible to search for active substances, develop methods for biological and chemical synthesis of the isolated substances, and create a finished therapeutic substance based on them. Seven out of ~14 species found in Asia and parts of Europe have been studied to various degrees. Here, data are presented on the diversity of sets of chromones, furochromones, triterpene saponins, coumarins, and other classes of secondary metabolites of Eranthis species according to the literature. For new compounds—isolated from Eranthis for the first time—structural formulas are also provided. 
  • 191
  • 23 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Preparation of Macrophage-Based Microrobots
Macrophages belong to a group of mononuclear phagocytic cells of the innate immune system that plays an important role as the first line of defense against foreign objects, harmful pathogens, and tumorous cells. Due to their characteristics, these cells can be utilized to create macrophage-based microrobots.
  • 288
  • 22 Nov 2023
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