Submitted Successfully!
To reward your contribution, here is a gift for you: A free trial for our video production service.
Thank you for your contribution! You can also upload a video entry or images related to this topic.
Version Summary Created by Modification Content Size Created at Operation
1
Van Du Nguyen
 -- 1600 2023-11-22 09:06:16 |
2 layout
Camila Xu
 Meta information modification 1600 2023-11-22 09:30:38 |

Video Upload Options

We provide professional Video Production Services to translate complex research into visually appealing presentations. Would you like to try it?
No, upload directly Yes

Confirm

Are you sure to Delete?
Yes No
Cite
If you have any further questions, please contact Encyclopedia Editorial Office.
Nguyen, V.D.; Park, J.; Choi, E. Preparation of Macrophage-Based Microrobots. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/51897 (accessed on 21 December 2024).
Nguyen VD, Park J, Choi E. Preparation of Macrophage-Based Microrobots. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/51897. Accessed December 21, 2024.
Nguyen, Van Du, Jong-Oh Park, Eunpyo Choi. "Preparation of Macrophage-Based Microrobots" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/51897 (accessed December 21, 2024).
Nguyen, V.D., Park, J., & Choi, E. (2023, November 22). Preparation of Macrophage-Based Microrobots. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/51897
Nguyen, Van Du, et al. "Preparation of Macrophage-Based Microrobots." Encyclopedia. Web. 22 November, 2023.
Preparation of Macrophage-Based Microrobots
Edit
This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper 10.3390/biomimetics8070553

Macrophages belong to a group of mononuclear phagocytic cells of the innate immune system that plays an important role as the first line of defense against foreign objects, harmful pathogens, and tumorous cells. Due to their characteristics, these cells can be utilized to create macrophage-based microrobots.

macrophage cell microrobot biomedical application tumor targeting

1. Introduction

In recent years, robotic research groups worldwide have actively participated in the development of microrobots for efficient drug delivery in anticancer therapy applications. To enhance drug delivery, externally controlled microrobots have been developed. Artificial microrobots have been most commonly developed using various fabrication techniques. Especially with the fast development of 3D/4D printing technologies, these microrobots are easily fabricated with different sizes, shapes, and materials in a short amount of time and are capable of being mass produced [1][2][3][4][5][6]. However, these microrobots lack the intrinsic sensing ability needed to target and, more importantly, penetrate tumors since their actuations entirely rely on external sources, limiting the therapeutic efficacy and potential clinical applications. To address this limitation, biohybrid microrobots have recently been developed by biohybridizing microorganisms or biological cells with synthetic materials. Various techniques of fabricating biohybrid microrobots have been introduced in the literature [7][8][9]. Flagellum bacteria have been extensively used in the design and fabrication of these robots, as they can be bioconjugated by researchers with micro-to-nano-scale structures that can carry therapeutic agents [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. These bacteria possess high levels of motility and some exhibit tumor-targeting abilities [14]. However, the use of bacteria is associated with several limitations, such as toxicity, ineffective bioconjugation, and small actuation forces [8][9]. Alternatively, macrophages can be used in macrophage-based microrobots to deliver the drugs to tumors [10][11][12]. Drugs or drug-loaded nanoparticles can easily be functionalized with macrophages through internalization via phagocytosis or surface conjugation with the cells [13]. Other important advantages of using macrophages for drug delivery to tumors include a reduced immune response as they are recognized as immune cells, tumor-homing ability due to their migration and chemotaxis properties [20], and their ability to traverse blood barriers, infiltrate tumors, and become tumor-associated macrophages, accounting for up to 80% of the tumor mass [14].

2. Preparation of Macrophage-Based Microrobots

2.1. Macrophage Cells

Macrophages belong to a group of mononuclear phagocytic cells of the innate immune system that plays an important role as the first line of defense against foreign objects, harmful pathogens, and tumorous cells [21][22][23]. Due to their characteristics, these cells can be utilized to create macrophage-based microrobots. To make such microrobots, commercial monocytes (precursors of macrophages, which become macrophages after migrating from capillaries to tumors) and macrophage-like commercial cell lines are commonly used to construct macrophage-based microrobots. These cells include the mouse cell lines RAW 264.7 [24][25][26][27][28] and J774A.1 [29][30], rat alveolar macrophages [31], and human original cells such as THP-1 [32][33]. However, to enhance the biocompatibility of these microrobots for in vivo use, primary macrophages are obtained both from animals, such as peritoneal [34], spleen-derived [29], and bone marrow cell-derived macrophages [35][36][37][38], and humans, such as human macrophages [39].

2.2. Preparation of the Microrobots

There are two main methods that are widely used to prepare microrobots. In the first method, which is used in a majority of related studies, the payloads are “eaten” or engulfed by macrophages when co-incubated in culture media for a certain period of time due to the strong phagocytosis ability of the macrophages [40]. In the second method, the payloads are chemically bound to the surface of the macrophage [41]. Mitragotri and colleagues introduced the attachment of disk-shaped backpacks (BPs) with a diameter of 7 μm and a thickness of 500 nm. They showed that the BPs were not phagocytosed by monocytes and were strongly attached to the cell surfaces due to their particular shape and flexibility. As a result, the BP-laden monocytes could hitchhike to the inflamed skin or lung in vivo [42]. In a recent study, Yang et al. prepared biotin-modified liposomes loaded with Dox and attached them to the surfaces of RAW 264.7 macrophages, which were modified with streptavidin-conjugated (polyethylene glycol) PEGylated lipids, via high-affinity biotin-streptavidin (MA-Lip). They showed that the MA-Lip infiltrated deeper, enhanced Dox accumulation, and increased the antitumor immune response [43]. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. While the first one provides a simple means for preparing a microrobot, the premature released drugs from the payloads may affect the functions of the macrophages upon their engulfment. In the second one, the preparation is more complicated because of the surface modification of the macrophages and the functionalization of the payloads. However, since no therapeutics are internalized into the macrophages, the cells will have a higher chance of survival when reaching the targeted sites.

2.3. Payloads

Several materials have been adopted as payloads for macrophage-based microrobots to induce therapeutic effects. Depending on the specific applications or experimental settings, macrophages can engulf and transport multiple types of payloads.

2.3.1. Gold-Based Nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles are biocompatible and have a good ability to absorb near-infrared (NIR) light. In a pioneering work, Choi et al. used Au nanoshells phagocytosed by monocyte-derived macrophages to penetrate intratumorally into tumor spheroids and induce cell death in both the macrophages and tumor cells through photoinduction [39]. In addition, gold nanorods (AuNRs) have been widely used as payloads for macrophage-based microrobots due to their longitudinal surface plasmon resonance peak in the NIR window, allowing them to efficiently convert NIR light energy into heat [44]. Li et al. utilized RAW 264.7 macrophages that engulfed small AuNRs with a size of 7 nm, which showed high cell viability after engulfment. The AuNR-laden macrophages were found to enhance tumor coverage and improve phototherapy in vivo [45]. In another study, An et al. prepared macrophages loaded with AuNRs of different surface charges (cationic, neutral, anionic), showing promising photoacoustic imaging of tumor hypoxia and enhanced in vivo photothermal therapy of the tumor [24].

2.3.2. Liposomes

Liposomes are vesicles consisting of lipid bilayers. They are biocompatible and biodegradable materials that can be loaded with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic therapeutics. By adjusting the lipid composition, liposomes can be designed to release therapeutics in a controlled manner. Based on these merits, liposomes are widely adopted as payloads for macrophage-based microrobots since they protect the macrophages from cell death and premature release of the payloads before reaching the targeted sites. Choi et al. prepared 150 nm liposomes loaded into peritoneal macrophages and observed high in vivo migration and positive therapeutic effects in an A549 tumor-bearing mouse after administering five doses [34]. Fujita and colleagues incorporated magnetic lipoplexes (SPION-incorporated cationic liposome/pDNA complexes) into RAW 264.7 macrophages. They showed that cytokine release was similar in engineered and pristine macrophages, but the production of nitric oxide was significantly enhanced in the engineered cells. In addition, under a magnetic field, the engineered cells exhibited strong attachment to a Caco-2 cell layer and the colon of mice, suggesting improved colonic delivery and potential therapy for colonic inflammation [46].

2.3.3. Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs)

MNPs have been widely used in biomedical applications such as biomedical imaging agents due to their excellent biocompatibility and magnetic properties [47]. In addition, they have been used to enhance the functionality of the systems carrying them, specifically through their controllability via a magnetic field [27]. Recently, Li et al. modified MNPs by incorporating them with bioengineered bacterial outer membranes, generating biogenic macrophage-based microrobots (MΦ-OMV robots). These robots were able to be manipulated in vitro in a confined space, and in vivo in a mouse tumor model [48]. Researchers used poly-(vinyl alcohol)-coated (PVA-coated) MNPs encapsulated in paclitaxel liposomes and engulfed by J774A.1 macrophages, enabling dual controllability of the macrophages through an external magnetic field and chemotaxis [49]. In addition, MNPs show responsiveness to near-infrared (NIR) light from a laser [50]. Therefore, they can be used as therapeutic agents that convert light energy into heat when irradiated using an NIR laser [51][52][53][54].

2.3.4. Polymeric Nanoparticles

Biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles offer many advantages for drug delivery, such as nontoxicity and a prolonged controlled release of the encapsulated drugs. These properties make polymeric nanoparticles ideal candidates for encapsulation into macrophages since they can prolong the lifespan of macrophages due to their slow drug release rates. Therefore, many researchers utilize these nanoparticles as payloads for macrophage-based microrobots [32][35][55][56][57]. Xie et al. used biodegradable photoluminescent poly-(lactic acid) decorated with muramyl tripeptide, loaded with a drug (PLX4032), and engulfed the nanoparticle complex to macrophages. The engineered macrophages could carry the drug to the cancer cells via cell–cell binding. The authors proved that the system effectively killed the cancer cells [32]. Researchers' group created a macrophage-based microrobot by utilizing the phagocytosis of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid loaded with MNPs and docetaxel anticancer drugs that allowed for hybrid control of the microrobot and the ability to destroy cancer cells using the drug released from the microrobot [55]. Shi and coworkers internalized hyaluronic acid nanogels, prepared using a double-emulsion method, encapsulated with DOX and polypyrrole into RAW 264.7 macrophages to create macrophage-based microrobots (MAs-NGs). As a result, upon treatment with the MAs-NGs followed by laser irradiation, a subcutaneous cancer model was significantly inhibited [56].

2.3.5. Free Drugs

The engulfment of free drugs into macrophages has also been studied in the literature. Fu et al. engineered RAW 264.7 macrophages with a high concentration of Dox solution (400 μg/mL, 1.8 mL for 1 million cells). As a result, a therapeutically meaningful amount (100 μg) of Dox was encapsulated in one million macrophages. In addition, the Dox-modified macrophages displayed good tumor-homing abilities and promising metastasis inhibition [58]. Guo et al. loaded Dox directly into M1 macrophages (M1–Dox) stimulated from RAW 264.7 cells. The authors reported that the engineered macrophages significantly enhanced tumor-homing ability by upregulating CCR2 and CCR4 compared to un-engineered cells. In addition, M1–Dox prevented tumor invasion induced via Dox. Moreover, compared with a commercial liposomal product (Lipo–Dox), M1–Dox showed a superior penetration and deeper accumulation within disseminated neoplastic lesions, leading to a critical reduction in metastatic tumors and an increase in the survival rate [28].

References

  1. Lee, H.; Kim, D.-i.; Kwon, S.-h.; Park, S. Magnetically Actuated Drug Delivery Helical Microrobot with Magnetic Nanoparticle Retrieval Ability. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 19633–19647.
  2. Ceylan, H.; Yasa, I.C.; Yasa, O.; Tabak, A.F.; Giltinan, J.; Sitti, M. 3D-Printed Biodegradable Microswimmer for Theranostic Cargo Delivery and Release. ACS Nano 2019, 13, 3353–3362.
  3. Dong, M.; Wang, X.; Chen, X.-Z.; Mushtaq, F.; Deng, S.; Zhu, C.; Torlakcik, H.; Terzopoulou, A.; Qin, X.-H.; Xiao, X.; et al. 3D-Printed Soft Magnetoelectric Microswimmers for Delivery and Differentiation of Neuron-like Cells. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 1910323.
  4. Ceylan, H.; Dogan, N.O.; Yasa, I.C.; Musaoglu, M.N.; Kulali, Z.U.; Sitti, M. 3D printed personalized magnetic micromachines from patient blood derived biomaterials. Sci. Adv. 2021, 7, eabh0273.
  5. Adam, G.; Benouhiba, A.; Rabenorosoa, K.; Clévy, C.; Cappelleri, D.J. 4D Printing: Enabling Technology for Microrobotics Applications. Adv. Intell. Syst. 2021, 3, 2000216.
  6. Ye, J.; Wilson, D.A.; Tu, Y.; Peng, F. 3D-Printed Micromotors for Biomedical Applications. Adv. Mater. Technol. 2020, 5, 2000435.
  7. Gong, D.; Celi, N.; Zhang, D.; Cai, J. Magnetic Biohybrid Microrobot Multimers Based on Chlorella Cells for Enhanced Targeted Drug Delivery. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14, 6320–6330.
  8. Liu, L.; Wu, J.; Chen, B.; Gao, J.; Li, T.; Ye, Y.; Tian, H.; Wang, S.; Wang, F.; Jiang, J.; et al. Magnetically Actuated Biohybrid Microswimmers for Precise Photothermal Muscle Contraction. ACS Nano 2022, 16, 6515–6526.
  9. Gong, D.; Sun, L.; Li, X.; Zhang, W.; Zhang, D.; Cai, J. Micro/Nanofabrication, Assembly, and Actuation Based on Microorganisms: Recent Advances and Perspectives. Small Struct. 2023, 4, 2200356.
  10. Zhang, F.; Zhuang, J.; Li, Z.; Gong, H.; de Ávila, B.E.-F.; Duan, Y.; Zhang, Q.; Zhou, J.; Yin, L.; Karshalev, E.; et al. Nanoparticle-modified microrobots for in vivo antibiotic delivery to treat acute bacterial pneumonia. Nat. Mater. 2022, 21, 1324–1332.
  11. Chen, W.; Wang, Y.; Qin, M.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Z.; Sun, X.; Gu, Z. Bacteria-Driven Hypoxia Targeting for Combined Biotherapy and Photothermal Therapy. ACS Nano 2018, 12, 5995–6005.
  12. Park, B.-W.; Zhuang, J.; Yasa, O.; Sitti, M. Multifunctional Bacteria-Driven Microswimmers for Targeted Active Drug Delivery. ACS Nano 2017, 11, 8910–8923.
  13. Fan, J.-X.; Li, Z.-H.; Liu, X.-H.; Zheng, D.-W.; Chen, Y.; Zhang, X.-Z. Bacteria-Mediated Tumor Therapy Utilizing Photothermally-Controlled TNF-α Expression via Oral Administration. Nano Lett. 2018, 18, 2373–2380.
  14. Luo, C.-H.; Huang, C.-T.; Su, C.-H.; Yeh, C.-S. Bacteria-Mediated Hypoxia-Specific Delivery of Nanoparticles for Tumors Imaging and Therapy. Nano Lett. 2016, 16, 3493–3499.
  15. Felfoul, O.; Mohammadi, M.; Taherkhani, S.; de Lanauze, D.; Zhong Xu, Y.; Loghin, D.; Essa, S.; Jancik, S.; Houle, D.; Lafleur, M.; et al. Magneto-aerotactic bacteria deliver drug-containing nanoliposomes to tumour hypoxic regions. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2016, 11, 941–947.
  16. Zheng, D.-W.; Chen, Y.; Li, Z.-H.; Xu, L.; Li, C.-X.; Li, B.; Fan, J.-X.; Cheng, S.-X.; Zhang, X.-Z. Optically-controlled bacterial metabolite for cancer therapy. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 1680.
  17. Xin, C.; Jin, D.; Hu, Y.; Yang, L.; Li, R.; Wang, L.; Ren, Z.; Wang, D.; Ji, S.; Hu, K.; et al. Environmentally Adaptive Shape-Morphing Microrobots for Localized Cancer Cell Treatment. ACS Nano 2021, 15, 18048–18059.
  18. Contreras-Llano, L.E.; Liu, Y.-H.; Henson, T.; Meyer, C.C.; Baghdasaryan, O.; Khan, S.; Lin, C.-L.; Wang, A.; Hu, C.-M.J.; Tan, C. Engineering Cyborg Bacteria Through Intracellular Hydrogelation. Adv. Sci. 2023, 10, 2204175.
  19. Baghdasaryan, O.; Khan, S.; Lin, J.-C.; Lee-Kin, J.; Hsu, C.-Y.; Hu, C.-M.J.; Tan, C. Synthetic control of living cells by intracellular polymerization. Trends Biotechnol. 2023.
  20. Wang, H.F.; Liu, Y.; Yang, G.; Zhao, C.X. Macrophage-mediated cancer drug delivery. Mater. Today Sustain. 2021, 11–12, 100055.
  21. Lendeckel, U.; Venz, S.; Wolke, C. Macrophages: Shapes and functions. ChemTexts 2022, 8, 12.
  22. Gui, Y.; Zeng, Y.; Chen, B.; Yang, Y.; Ma, J.; Li, C. A smart pathogen detector engineered from intracellular hydrogelation of DNA-decorated macrophages. Nat. Commun. 2023, 14, 2927.
  23. Wang, J.; Hu, D.; Chen, Q.; Liu, T.; Zhou, X.; Xu, Y.; Zhou, H.; Gu, D.; Gao, C. Intracellular hydrogelation of macrophage conjugated probiotics for hitchhiking delivery and combined treatment of colitis. Mater. Today Bio 2023, 20, 100679.
  24. An, L.; Wang, Y.; Lin, J.; Tian, Q.; Xie, Y.; Hu, J.; Yang, S. Macrophages-Mediated Delivery of Small Gold Nanorods for Tumor Hypoxia Photoacoustic Imaging and Enhanced Photothermal Therapy. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 15251–15261.
  25. Oh, N.; Kim, Y.; Kweon, H.-S.; Oh, W.-Y.; Park, J.-H. Macrophage-Mediated Exocytosis of Elongated Nanoparticles Improves Hepatic Excretion and Cancer Phototherapy. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 28450–28457.
  26. Sun, P.; Deng, Q.; Kang, L.; Sun, Y.; Ren, J.; Qu, X. A Smart Nanoparticle-Laden and Remote-Controlled Self-Destructive Macrophage for Enhanced Chemo/Chemodynamic Synergistic Therapy. ACS Nano 2020, 14, 13894–13904.
  27. Min, J.H.; Kim, S.T.; Lee, J.S.; Kim, K.; Wu, J.H.; Jeong, J.; Song, A.Y.; Lee, K.-M.; Kim, Y.K. Labeling of macrophage cell using biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles. J. Appl. Phys. 2011, 109, 07B309.
  28. Guo, L.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, Z.; Peng, H.; Wei, R.; Wang, C.; Feng, M. Tunneling Nanotubular Expressways for Ultrafast and Accurate M1 Macrophage Delivery of Anticancer Drugs to Metastatic Ovarian Carcinoma. ACS Nano 2019, 13, 1078–1096.
  29. Dogan, N.O.; Ceylan, H.; Suadiye, E.; Sheehan, D.; Aydin, A.; Yasa, I.C.; Wild, A.-M.; Richter, G.; Sitti, M. Remotely Guided Immunobots Engaged in Anti-Tumorigenic Phenotypes for Targeted Cancer Immunotherapy. Small 2022, 18, 2204016.
  30. Du Nguyen, V.; Le, V.H.; Zheng, S.; Han, J.; Park, J.-O. Preparation of tumor targeting cell-based microrobots carrying NIR light sensitive therapeutics manipulated by electromagnetic actuating system and Chemotaxis. J. Micro-Bio Robot. 2018, 14, 69–77.
  31. Madsen, S.J.; Christie, C.; Hong, S.J.; Trinidad, A.; Peng, Q.; Uzal, F.A.; Hirschberg, H. Nanoparticle-loaded macrophage-mediated photothermal therapy: Potential for glioma treatment. Lasers Med. Sci. 2015, 30, 1357–1365.
  32. Xie, Z.; Su, Y.; Kim, G.B.; Selvi, E.; Ma, C.; Aragon-Sanabria, V.; Hsieh, J.-T.; Dong, C.; Yang, J. Immune Cell-Mediated Biodegradable Theranostic Nanoparticles for Melanoma Targeting and Drug Delivery. Small 2017, 13, 1603121.
  33. Park, S.J.; Lee, Y.; Choi, Y.J.; Cho, S.; Jung, H.E.; Zheng, S.; Park, B.J.; Ko, S.Y.; Park, J.O.; Park, S. Monocyte-based microrobot with chemotactic motility for tumor theragnosis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014, 111, 2132–2138.
  34. Choi, J.; Kim, H.Y.; Ju, E.J.; Jung, J.; Park, J.; Chung, H.K.; Lee, J.S.; Lee, J.S.; Park, H.J.; Song, S.Y.; et al. Use of macrophages to deliver therapeutic and imaging contrast agents to tumors. Biomaterials 2012, 33, 4195–4203.
  35. Pang, L.; Zhu, Y.; Qin, J.; Zhao, W.; Wang, J. Primary M1 macrophages as multifunctional carrier combined with PLGA nanoparticle delivering anticancer drug for efficient glioma therapy. Drug Deliv. 2018, 25, 1922–1931.
  36. Cao, H.; Wang, H.; He, X.; Tan, T.; Hu, H.; Wang, Z.; Wang, J.; Li, J.; Zhang, Z.; Li, Y. Bioengineered Macrophages Can Responsively Transform into Nanovesicles To Target Lung Metastasis. Nano Lett. 2018, 18, 4762–4770.
  37. Dou, H.; Destache, C.J.; Morehead, J.R.; Mosley, R.L.; Boska, M.D.; Kingsley, J.; Gorantla, S.; Poluektova, L.; Nelson, J.A.; Chaubal, M.; et al. Development of a macrophage-based nanoparticle platform for antiretroviral drug delivery. Blood 2006, 108, 2827–2835.
  38. Evans, M.A.; Huang, P.-J.; Iwamoto, Y.; Ibsen, K.N.; Chan, E.M.; Hitomi, Y.; Ford, P.C.; Mitragotri, S. Macrophage-mediated delivery of light activated nitric oxide prodrugs with spatial, temporal and concentration control. Chem. Sci. 2018, 9, 3729–3741.
  39. Choi, M.-R.; Stanton-Maxey, K.J.; Stanley, J.K.; Levin, C.S.; Bardhan, R.; Akin, D.; Badve, S.; Sturgis, J.; Robinson, J.P.; Bashir, R.; et al. A Cellular Trojan Horse for Delivery of Therapeutic Nanoparticles into Tumors. Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 3759–3765.
  40. Yu, L.; Zhu, S.; Qin, K.; Fan, X.; An, L. Macrophages Loaded with Fe Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photothermal Ablation of Tumors. J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13, 94.
  41. Doshi, N.; Swiston, A.J.; Gilbert, J.B.; Alcaraz, M.L.; Cohen, R.E.; Rubner, M.F.; Mitragotri, S. Cell-Based Drug Delivery Devices Using Phagocytosis-Resistant Backpacks. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, H105–H109.
  42. Anselmo, A.C.; Gilbert, J.B.; Kumar, S.; Gupta, V.; Cohen, R.E.; Rubner, M.F.; Mitragotri, S. Monocyte-mediated delivery of polymeric backpacks to inflamed tissues: A generalized strategy to deliver drugs to treat inflammation. J. Control. Release 2015, 199, 29–36.
  43. Yang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Xu, Y.; Li, Y.; Xie, Z.; Wang, H.; Lin, Y.; Lin, Q.; Gong, T.; et al. Live Macrophage-Delivered Doxorubicin-Loaded Liposomes Effectively Treat Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. ACS Nano 2022, 16, 9799–9809.
  44. Chen, J.; Lin, L.; Yan, N.; Hu, Y.; Fang, H.; Guo, Z.; Sun, P.; Tian, H.; Chen, X. Macrophages loaded CpG and GNR-PEI for combination of tumor photothermal therapy and immunotherapy. Sci. China Mater. 2018, 61, 1484–1494.
  45. Li, Z.; Huang, H.; Tang, S.; Li, Y.; Yu, X.-F.; Wang, H.; Li, P.; Sun, Z.; Zhang, H.; Liu, C.; et al. Small gold nanorods laden macrophages for enhanced tumor coverage in photothermal therapy. Biomaterials 2016, 74, 144–154.
  46. Kono, Y.; Gogatsubo, S.; Ohba, T.; Fujita, T. Enhanced macrophage delivery to the colon using magnetic lipoplexes with a magnetic field. Drug Deliv. 2019, 26, 935–943.
  47. Materón, E.M.; Miyazaki, C.M.; Carr, O.; Joshi, N.; Picciani, P.H.S.; Dalmaschio, C.J.; Davis, F.; Shimizu, F.M. Magnetic nanoparticles in biomedical applications: A review. Appl. Surf. Sci. Adv. 2021, 6, 100163.
  48. Li, Y.; Cong, Z.; Xie, L.; Tang, S.; Ren, C.; Peng, X.; Tang, D.; Wan, F.; Han, H.; Zhang, X.; et al. Magnetically Powered Immunogenic Macrophage Microrobots for Targeted Multimodal Cancer Therapy. Small 2023, 19, 2301489.
  49. Nguyen, V.D.; Han, J.; Go, G.; Zhen, J.; Zheng, S.; Le, V.H.; Park, J.-O.; Park, S. Feasibility study of dual-targeting paclitaxel-loaded magnetic liposomes using electromagnetic actuation and macrophages. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 2017, 240, 1226–1236.
  50. Zhang, L.; Alimu, G.; Du, Z.; Yan, T.; Li, H.; Ma, R.; Lan, Z.; Yu, Z.; Alifu, N.; Sun, K. Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for NIR-Induced Photothermal Therapy of Potential Application in Cervical Cancer. ACS Omega 2023, 8, 21793–21801.
  51. Zhang, M.; Cao, Y.; Wang, L.; Ma, Y.; Tu, X.; Zhang, Z. Manganese Doped Iron Oxide Theranostic Nanoparticles for Combined T1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Photothermal Therapy. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 4650–4658.
  52. Zheng, R.; Wang, S.; Tian, Y.; Jiang, X.; Fu, D.; Shen, S.; Yang, W. Polydopamine-Coated Magnetic Composite Particles with an Enhanced Photothermal Effect. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 15876–15884.
  53. Chu, M.; Shao, Y.; Peng, J.; Dai, X.; Li, H.; Wu, Q.; Shi, D. Near-infrared laser light mediated cancer therapy by photothermal effect of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2013, 34, 4078–4088.
  54. Shen, S.; Wang, S.; Zheng, R.; Zhu, X.; Jiang, X.; Fu, D.; Yang, W. Magnetic nanoparticle clusters for photothermal therapy with near-infrared irradiation. Biomaterials 2015, 39, 67–74.
  55. Han, J.; Zhen, J.; Nguyen, V.D.; Go, G.; Choi, Y.; Ko, S.Y.; Park, J.-O.; Park, S. Hybrid-Actuating Macrophage-Based Microrobots for Active Cancer Therapy. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 28717.
  56. Xiao, T.; Hu, W.; Fan, Y.; Shen, M.; Shi, X. Macrophage-mediated tumor homing of hyaluronic acid nanogels loaded with polypyrrole and anticancer drug for targeted combinational photothermo-chemotherapy. Theranostics 2021, 11, 7057–7071.
  57. Zhang, X.; Si, Z.; Wang, Y.; Li, Y.; Xu, C.; Tian, H. Polymerization and coordination synergistically constructed photothermal agents for macrophages-mediated tumor targeting diagnosis and therapy. Biomaterials 2021, 264, 120382.
  58. Fu, J.; Wang, D.; Mei, D.; Zhang, H.; Wang, Z.; He, B.; Dai, W.; Zhang, H.; Wang, X.; Zhang, Q. Macrophage mediated biomimetic delivery system for the treatment of lung metastasis of breast cancer. J. Control. Release 2015, 204, 11–19.
More
© Text is available under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy.
Upload a video for this entry
Information
Subjects: Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Contributors MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :
Van Du Nguyen
,
Jong-Oh Park
,
Eunpyo Choi
View Times: 418
Revisions: 2 times (View History)
Update Date: 22 Nov 2023
Table of Contents
    1000/1000
    Hot Most Recent
    Video Production Service
    Feedback