There is currently a growing interest in diets and physical activity patterns that may be beneficial in preventing and treating breast cancer (BC). Mounting evidence indicates that indeed, the so-called Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and regular physical activity likely both help reduce the risk of developing BC. For those who have already received a BC diagnosis, these interventions may decrease the risk of tumor recurrence after treatment and improve quality of life. Studies also show the potential of other dietary interventions, including fasting or modified fasting, calorie restriction, ketogenic diets, and vegan or plant-based diets, to enhance the efficacy of BC therapies. In this review article, we discuss the biological rationale for utilizing these dietary interventions and physical activity in BC prevention and treatment. Researchers highlight published and ongoing clinical studies that have applied these lifestyle interventions to BC patients. This research offers valuable insights into the potential application of these dietary interventions and physical activity as complimentary therapies in BC management.

The problem of joint transmission and computation resource allocation for a multi-user probabilistic semantic communication (PSC) network is investigated. In the considered model, users employ semantic information extraction techniques to compress their large-sized data before transmitting them to a multi-antenna base station (BS). Our model represents large-sized data through substantial knowledge graphs, utilizing shared probability graphs between the users and the BS for efficient semantic compression. The resource allocation problem is formulated as an optimization problem with the objective of maximizing the sum of the equivalent rate of all users, considering the total power budget and semantic resource limit constraints. The computation load considered in the PSC network is formulated as a non-smooth piece-wise function with respect to the semantic compression ratio. To tackle this non-convex non-smooth optimization challenge, a three-stage algorithm is proposed, where the solutions for the received beamforming matrix of the BS, the transmit power of each user, and the semantic compression ratio of each user are obtained stage by stage. The numerical results validate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.

Sports and exercise performance could be affected by both placebo and nocebo effects. The last literature review on placebo and nocebo effects on sports performance was published in 2019. Several new studies have been conducted and published in the past five years. This review aimed to update the previous synthesis and evaluate the results of new studies emphasizing placebo or nocebo interventions in sports and exercise by determining the form and magnitude of their effect. Therefore, the current review included empirical studies published from 2019 until the end of May 2024, indexed in PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Google Scholar databases. The search yielded 20 eligible studies with control or baseline-control conditions, focusing on nutritional, mechanical, and other mixed ergogenic aids. They revealed small to large placebo effects (Cohen’s d) for nutritional (d = 0.86), mechanical (d = 0.38), cream and gel (d = 0.05), and open-label placebo (d = 0.16) interventions. The pooled effect size for placebo effects was moderate to large (d = 0.67), larger than in the earlier review, indicating that placebo effects can enhance motor performance even more than previously reported. However, based on five measures from three studies, the nocebo effects were almost twice as large (d = 1.20). Current findings support and expand upon the previous review by providing additional evidence for placebo and nocebo effects on sports and exercise performance.