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Topic Review
The Wispy Terrain and Dione's Cryotectonic Features
The so-called Wispy Terrain, named after observing frequently appearing wispy streaks, markings, and lineaments in the images of the Voyager spacecraft, is one of the enigmatic features of the icy moon Dione (a satellite of Saturn). Its characteristics and formation have been the target of a long-lasting scientific debate and ongoing research, along with other cryotectonic features of the icy satellite. 
  • 247
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Green Hydrogen
Increasingly stringent sustainability and decarbonization objectives drive investments in adopting environmentally friendly, low, and zero-carbon fuels. Hydrogen represents a unique zero-carbon energy carrier akin to electricity. Hydrogen is hailed as a carbon-neutral fuel of the future, particularly in the form of green hydrogen. 
  • 246
  • 12 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Vehicle Pollutant Emissions
The combustion of common petroleum fuels like petrol and diesel in IC engines releases the following major species: nitrogen, water, CO2, O2, NOx, CO, unburned hydrocarbons (VOCs), and PM in the exhaust. Secondary species like SO2, N2O, aldehydes, and ammonia can also be produced. CO2 is a GHG and is thus harmful to the global environment but in the amounts leaving automotive exhaust, it is not harmful to human health directly. Water and nitrogen are benign species. The remaining species (CO, NOx, VOCs, PM, and SO2) are pollutants and have harmful health implications. In addition to these exhaust emissions, non-exhaust emissions (as PM) are also produced by vehicles, most notably from brake, tyre, and road wear, and re-suspension of previously deposited roadside dust. 
  • 246
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Constructed Wetlands to Treat Effluents for Water Reuse
Urban and industrial wastewater discharges remain a major source of pollution worldwide. Urban runoff, stormwater overflows, and untreated sewage discharges are increasingly important sources of pollution. Population growth and the change in annual rainfall patterns associated with climate change make it increasingly difficult to meet the growing demand for recreational, industrial, agricultural, and domestic purposes. Thus, the regeneration of used water with the aim of giving it a second use is increasingly imperative. Solutions based on nature, such as constructed wetlands (CWs), offer high possibilities for the sustainable use of water, facilitating its treatment and reuse in situ, as well as contributions to adaptation to climate change through the use and promotion of vegetation, both in urban and rural areas. The circular economy criteria and objectives require opting for technologies and configurations that allow the recovery of nutrients and other resources contained in wastewater while allowing the reuse or recycling of the water itself for different uses. CWs offer very interesting benefits regarding both sustainability and circularity.
  • 246
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Tomato and Pepper Seeds in Phytopathogenic Bacteria Dissemination
The seed industry plays a crucial role in global food production but it faces a persistent challenge in ensuring the health and quality of seeds, particularly those of tomato and pepper seeds, which represent key seed commodities on the global market. Seeds can serve as potential pathways for the introduction and dissemination of seed-borne bacteria, which may have devastating effects on crop yield, farmers’ remunerability, and food security. Therefore, fungicides and other antimicrobial compounds are extensively used to disinfect the seeds, thus increasing the input of chemicals in the agri-environment. 
  • 245
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Landscape Evolution in Glacier Valleys of Glaciokarsts
On mountain glaciokarsts, climate and vegetation show zonality. With altitude increase, the quantity of precipitation increases (the proportion of snow increases) and temperature decreases.
  • 243
  • 20 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Primary Sludge and Biowastes
Primary sludge is a valuable substrate for anaerobic digestion as it contains a higher percentage of fatty acids and lipids compared to secondary sludge, although its carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is relatively low due to its inherent deficiency of carbon. This limiting factor of C/N ratio can be overwhelmed by the co-digestion of primary sludge with organic fractions such as agricultural byproducts and municipal solid wastes. The operating principle of this practice is based on the fact that organic fractions such as agricultural byproducts contain a high percentage of carbon and a low percentage of nitrogen, so the co-digestion of primary sludge with different organic fractions, such as animal manure, agricultural residues, organic fractions of municipal waste, or vegetable residues, may improve the balance of nutrients, provide buffering capacity, adjust the C/N ratio, reduce the concentration of ammonia, and hence its inhibitory effects, and overall promote the process of methanogenesis.
  • 243
  • 26 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Microbial Fertilizers Regulate Crop Growth and Resistance
Microbial fertilizer is a kind of nutrient-rich and environmentally friendly biological fertilizer made from plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR). Microbial fertilizers can regulate soil nutrient dynamics and promote soil nutrient cycling by improving soil microbial community changes. This process helps restore the soil ecosystem, which in turn promotes nutrient uptake, regulates crop growth, and enhances crop resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. 
  • 243
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Adaptation of Agriculture to Climate Change
Given that agricultural productivity is intricately linked to weather and climate conditions and relies heavily on climate stability, climate change introduces a wide range of challenges for agricultural activities. Consequently, there is a pressing need for climate-smart agriculture strategies that prioritize sustainable food production, climate resilience, and adaptation.
  • 241
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Methods for Remote Sensing Image Clouds
Remote sensing images are very vulnerable to cloud interference during the imaging process. Cloud occlusion, especially thick cloud occlusion, significantly reduces the imaging quality of remote sensing images, which in turn affects a variety of subsequent tasks using the remote sensing images.
  • 241
  • 24 Nov 2023
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