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Topic Review
Sweet Rowanberry (Sorbus aucuparia L.)
Rowan is a fairly common fruit crop in different countries of the world. The orange or reddish fruits of Sorbus aucuparia L. are small (diameter 6–9 mm) and they have been traditionally used as diuretic, laxative, anti-inflammatory, and vasoprotective agents, against rheumatism and kidney diseases as well as for the treatment of various gastrointestinal and respiratory tract-related disorders.
  • 1.5K
  • 23 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Seaweeds of Poultry Feeds
Poultry are birds which render economic services to humans as a primary supplier of meat, egg and raw materials for different industries (feather, waste products, etc.), source of income and employment to people when compared to other domestic animals. Currently, there is an interest in the application of seaweeds in poultry nutrition. Seaweeds (called also macroalgae), which include green (Chlorophyceae), brown (Phaeophyceae) and red algae (Rhodophyceae), are a naturally occurring source of the biomass that develops in variable environments (results also from eutrophication) and is easily cultivated. Seaweeds as a rich source of bioactive compounds when included into feed can improve poultry health and performance as well as increase the quality of poultry products (eggs, meat).
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
More than 90% of all head and neck cancers (HNCs) are head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) arising from the mucosal surfaces of the upper aerodigestive tract. HNSCCs are the the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide, and are often associated with either carcinogens, such as alcohol and tobacco use, or oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HNSCCs have been found to be diverse with a high rate of genetic heterogeneity, resulting in hyper-activation of oncogenes (e.g., PIK3CA and HRAS) and loss-of-function mutations in tumor suppressor genes (e.g., TP53, CASP8, and NOTCH1). HNSCC cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA-seq data and clinical data show patients with PIK3CA alterations, including amplification and gain, also have a higher chance of harboring TP53 mutations. In addition, these patients bearing both mutations have a significantly worse 10-year survival prognosis compared with their wildtype cohort counterparts.
  • 1.5K
  • 22 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Integrated Optical Biosensors
A biosensor is an analytical device that is composed of a bioreceptor, a transducer, and a signal processor for detecting biological substances and monitoring biological interactions.
  • 1.5K
  • 20 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Cellular Senescence
Cellular senescence is a hallmark of aging. Accumulation of senescent cells promotes aging and triggers age-related disorders.
  • 1.5K
  • 26 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Protein Nanotubes
Nanobiotechnology involves the study of structures found in nature to construct nanodevices for biological and medical applications with the ultimate goal of commercialization. Within a cell most biochemical processes are driven by proteins and associated macromolecular complexes. Evolution has optimized these protein-based nanosystems within living organisms over millions of years. Among these are flagellin and pilin-based systems from bacteria, viral-based capsids, and eukaryotic microtubules and amyloids. While carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and protein/peptide-CNT composites, remain one of the most researched nanosystems due to their electrical and mechanical properties, there are many concerns regarding CNT toxicity and biodegradability. Therefore, proteins have emerged as useful biotemplates for nanomaterials due to their assembly under physiologically relevant conditions and ease of manipulation via protein engineering. 
  • 1.5K
  • 30 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Misconfiguration in Firewalls and Network Access Controls
Firewalls and network access controls play important roles in security control and protection. Those firewalls may create an incorrect sense or state of protection if they are improperly configured. One of the major configuration problems in firewalls is related to misconfiguration in the access control rules added to the firewall that will control network traffic. The three most common misconfigurations are shadowing, correlation and redundancy.
  • 1.5K
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
IMGG
IMGG, integrating multiple single-cell datasets through connected graphs and generative adversarial networks (GAN) to eliminate nonbiological differences between different batches. Compared with current methods, IMGG shows excellent performance on a variety of evaluation metrics, and the IMGG-corrected gene expression data incorporate features from multiple batches, allowing for downstream tasks such as differential gene expression analysis. 
  • 1.5K
  • 25 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Textile-Integrated Thermocouples
The integration of conductive materials in textiles is key for detecting temperature in the wearer´s environment. When integrating sensors into textiles, properties such as their flexibility, handle, and stretch must stay unaffected by the functionalization. Conductive materials are difficult to integrate into textiles, since wires are stiff, and coatings show low adhesion. This work shows that various substrates such as cotton, cellulose, polymeric, carbon, and optical fiber-based textiles are used as support materials for temperature sensors. Suitable measurement principles for use in textiles are based on resistance changes, optical interferences (fiber Bragg grating), or thermoelectric effects. 
  • 1.5K
  • 16 May 2022
Topic Review
Experiential Education
Experiential education is a philosophy of education that describes the process that occurs between a teacher and student that infuses direct experience with the learning environment and content. The term is not interchangeable with experiential learning; however experiential learning is a sub-field and operates under the methodologies of experiential education. The Association for Experiential Education regards experiential education as "a philosophy that informs many methodologies in which educators purposefully engage with learners in direct experience and focused reflection in order to increase knowledge, develop skills, clarify values, and develop people's capacity to contribute to their communities". Experiential education is the term for the philosophy and educational progressivism is the movement which it informed.
  • 1.5K
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Japan Median Tectonic Line
Japan Median Tectonic Line (中央構造線, Chūō Kōzō Sen), also Median Tectonic Line (MTL), is Japan's longest fault system. The MTL begins near Ibaraki Prefecture, where it connects with the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line (ISTL) and the Fossa Magna. It runs parallel to Japan's volcanic arc, passing through central Honshū to near Nagoya, through Mikawa Bay, then through the Inland Sea from the Kii Channel and Naruto Strait to Shikoku along the Sadamisaki Peninsula and the Bungo Channel and Hōyo Strait to Kyūshū. The sense of motion on the MTL is right-lateral strike-slip, at a rate of about 5–10 mm/yr. This sense of motion is consistent with the direction of oblique convergence at the Nankai Trough. The rate of motion on the MTL is much less than the rate of convergence at the plate boundary, making it difficult to distinguish the motion on the MTL from interseismic elastic straining in GPS data.
  • 1.5K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Recently Used Drug Targets and Autophagy
Autophagy is a governed catabolic framework enabling the recycling of nutrients from injured organelles and other cellular constituents via a lysosomal breakdown. This mechanism has been associated with the development of various pathologic conditions, including cancer and neurological disorders; however, recently updated studies have indicated that autophagy plays a dual role in cancer, acting as a cytoprotective or cytotoxic mechanism. It has recently been found that autophagy regulation is an intriguing and potentially useful strategy to improve cancer treatments. Numerous studies have indicated autophagy’s dual roles for several drugs that might be modulated to suppress or promote tumor growth, and the following sections describe autophagy’s dual function in recent drug treatments.
  • 1.5K
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Salt-Tolerant Plants for Cancer Prevention and Treatment
Halophytes and xerophytes, plants with adequate tolerance to high salinity with strong ability to survive in drought ecosystem, have been recognized for their nutritional and medicinal values owing to their comparatively higher productions of secondary metabolites, primarily the phenolics, and the flavonoids, as compared to the normal vegetation in other climatic regions. Given the consistent increases in desertification around the world, which are associated with increasing salinity, high temperature, and water scarcity, the survival of halophytes due to their secondary metabolic contents has prioritized these plant species, which have now become increasingly important for environmental protection, land reclamation, and food and animal-feed security, with their primary utility in traditional societies as sources of drugs. On the medicinal herbs front, because the fight against cancer is still ongoing, there is an urgent need for development of more efficient, safe, and novel chemotherapeutic agents, than those currently available.
  • 1.5K
  • 16 Mar 2023
Topic Review
The Application of Digital Twins in Healthcare
Digital twins (DTs) play a crucial role in the ongoing Industry 4.0 revolution, leveraging advanced data analytics and the connectivity of Internet of Things (IoT) to drive transformative changes across industries. The metaverse presents the potential for transformative changes in healthcare by offering virtual health services, supporting mental health, managing reality, and enabling virtual management. These innovations have the capacity to enhance accessibility, convenience, and the overall patient experience, bringing healthcare closer to individuals and ensuring that they receive the necessary care, regardless of physical distance or limitations.
  • 1.5K
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Covalent Organic Frameworks Solid-State Electrolytes
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a promising platform of materials for solid-state battery electrolytes due to their porous and robust structures, and their special spaces such as 1D and 3D, as well as their ability to be modified with functional groups. 
  • 1.5K
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
QoS Monitoring in IoT Edge Devices Driven Healthcare
Smart healthcare is altering the delivery of healthcare by combining the benefits of IoT, mobile, and cloud computing. Cloud computing has tremendously helped the health industry connect healthcare facilities, caregivers, and patients for information sharing. The main drivers for implementing effective healthcare systems are low latency and faster response times. Thus, quick responses among healthcare organizations are important in general, but in an emergency, significant latency at different stakeholders might result in disastrous situations. Thus, cutting-edge approaches like edge computing and artificial intelligence (AI) can deal with such problems. A packet cannot be sent from one location to another unless the “quality of service” (QoS) specifications are met. 
  • 1.5K
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Bioenergy Technologies and Waste Management Practices in Ghana
Finding sustainable solutions to the increasing waste generation in Ghana has received a lot of attention. Through several waste-to-energy processes, the energy potential of municipal solid waste has recently witnessed significant technological advancements. The Renewable Energy Master Plan has projected the production of about 122 MWp from waste-to-energy installations by 2030 in Ghana.
  • 1.5K
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa
On 30 January 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of global concern. COVID-19 became pandemic on 11 March 2020, and spread unprecedently. No country was prepared to face its impact. Major fears started to be expressed for Africa, where dramatic consequences were expected, due to the weakness of health systems. The limited resources, in terms of qualified physicians, medical equipment and hospital infrastructures marked an undeniable inequality and highlighted the need to empower local capacity, raising the level of preparedness of African nations against infection outbreaks.
  • 1.5K
  • 07 May 2024
Topic Review
Transvaginal Ultrasound as Technique for Diagnosis of Endometriosis
Transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) is surely the first-line technique for the diagnosis of endometriosis. The possibility to perform a dynamic ultrasonographic examination can provide additional information that is not easily obtained with other imaging modalities.
  • 1.5K
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Assembly of Protein Cages for Drug Delivery
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used as target delivery vehicles for therapeutic goods; however, compared with inorganic and organic nanomaterials, protein nanomaterials have better biocompatibility and can self-assemble into highly ordered cage-like structures, which are more favorable for applications in targeted drug delivery.
  • 1.5K
  • 10 Jan 2023
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