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Topic Review
Desmosomal Genes
Desmosomes are mirroring, transmembrane protein chains that connect the intermediate filament networks of neighbouring cells. Each chain continuously (dis)assembles due to the turnover of five desmosomal protein types: desmoplakin, plakoglobin, plakophilins, desmocollins and desmogleins. The expression of two genes is critical to the formation of all desmosomes: namely DSP, encoding two differently spliced desmoplakin proteins (DPI and DPII) and JUP, encoding plakoglobin (PG). Meanwhile, plakophilins, desmocollins and desmogleins are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and are therefore encoded by multiple genes.
  • 1.8K
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Private Equity Growth Capital Council
The American Investment Council (AIC), formerly the Private Equity Growth Capital Council (PEGCC), is a lobbying, advocacy, and research organization based in Washington, D.C., that was launched by a consortium of private equity firms in February 2007. It focuses on defending and promoting the private equity and growth capital investment industry to lawmakers and the public at large. Its members include some of the world's largest private equity firms.
  • 1.8K
  • 05 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Green and Blue Hydrogen Production in Colombia
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in nature, but it cannot be considered an energy source by itself because it is impossible to find it in its elemental form in nature. Colombia, a privileged country in terms of diversity, availability of natural resources, and geographical location, has set a roadmap for hydrogen as part of the energy transition plan proposed in 2021. To reduce its emissions in the mid-term and foster its economy, hydrogen production should be green and blue, with specific targets set for 2030 for the hydrogen costs and produced quantities. A comparison is made concerning the state-of-the-art production of blue and green hydrogen and how Colombia performs in each pathway.
  • 1.8K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Design and Synthesis of Sidechain Phosphorus-Containing Polyacids
Macromolecules containing acidic fragments in side-groups—polyacids—occupy a special place among synthetic polymers. Properties and applications of polyacids are directly related to the chemical structure of macromolecules: the nature of the acidic groups, polymer backbone, and spacers between the main chain and acidic groups. The chemical nature of the phosphorus results in the diversity of acidic >P(O)OH fragments in sidechain phosphorus-containing polyacids (PCPAs) that can be derivatives of phosphoric or phosphinic acids.
  • 1.8K
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
State of the Art in Textile Waste Management
Textile waste constitutes a significant fraction of municipal solid waste sent to landfill or incinerated. Its innovative management is important to enhance sustainability and circularity.
  • 1.8K
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
The Useful Antiviral Properties of Lysozyme
Lysozyme, especially the one obtained from hen’s egg white, continues to show new pharmacological properties. Lysozyme can interact with nucleic acids and alter their function, but this effect is uncoupled from the catalytic activity that determines its antibacterial activity; it is present in intact lysozyme but is equally potent in a heat-degraded lysozyme or in a nonapeptide isolated by proteolytic digestion.
  • 1.8K
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
COVID-19 Spread Faster with HVAC
Droplets and aerosolized viral particles expelling from the body through coughing or sneezing and it is spreading to nearby surroundings. CFD model has been developed to simulate the air flow and the transport and dispersion of the aerosolized viral particles and fine droplets suspended in the air particles through the office. The study presents two cases involving the spreading limits and pathways of the aerosolized viral particles and fine droplets suspended in the air in a place; without and with air conditioning unit. The results showed that the use of air conditioning systems can increase the chances of spreading COVID-19 virus infection. The air-conditioning unit recirculates the same air inside a room, and this has the potential to create a virus-laden environment. Air circulation indoors such as using air conditioning units should be avoided in closed places. Existing ventilation systems should be expanded to include extraction and air filtration systems and/or germicidal, ultraviolet light. Also, opening a window can help bring in fresh air from the outside and disperse stale air inside, and that could help reduce the possibility of the spread of the virus particles in the closed place. Lastly, crowds of people in closed public places should be avoided (HVAC: Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning).
  • 1.8K
  • 17 Feb 2021
Topic Review
The Keap1–Nrf2 Pathway
The Nrf2 is a transcription factor and it belongs to cap ‘n’ collar (CNC) basic leucine zipper (bZIP) protein subfamilies.
  • 1.8K
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Factors Affecting SIC Formation in Arid Soils
Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) has received increasing attention due to the high accumulation of SIC in arid soils contributed by its high temperature, low soil moisture, less vegetation, high salinity, and poor microbial activities. SIC storage in dryland soils is a complex process comprising multiple interactions of several factors such as climate, land use types, farm management practices, irrigation, inherent soil properties, soil biotic factors, etc. In addition, soil C studies in deeper layers of drylands have opened-up several study aspects on SIC storage. 
  • 1.8K
  • 27 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy
Germline mutations in Breast cancer susceptibility genes 1 and 2 (BRCA1 and BRCA2) cause breast, ovarian, and other cancers, and the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (Dox) is widely used to treat these cancers. Dox use is limited by the latent induction of severe cardiotoxicity known as Dox-induced cardiomyopathy, for which there are no specific treatments currently available. Dox is administered into the systemic circulation, where it readily translocates into sub-cellular compartments and disrupts the integrity of DNA.
  • 1.8K
  • 01 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Prostate Cancer
Metastasis of prostate cancer often results in death of the patient. A cluster of fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) genes involved in transportation, accumulation and utilization of fatty acids are co-amplified and preferentially expressed in metastatic prostate cancer compared to localized disease. These genes, namely FABP12, FABP4, FABP9, FABP8 and FABP5, individually and collectively, promote properties associated with prostate cancer metastasis. Levels of these FABP genes may serve as an indicator of prostate cancer aggressiveness, and that inhibiting the action of FABP genes may provide a new approach to prevent and/or treat metastatic prostate cancer. 
  • 1.8K
  • 31 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Dapsone Imine Derivatives
Dapsone (DDS) is an antibacterial drug with well-known antioxidant properties. However, the antioxidant behavior of its derivatives has not been well explored. In the present work, the antioxidant activity of 10 dapsone derivatives 4-substituted was determined by an evaluation in two in vitro models (DPPH radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power). These imine derivatives 1–10 were obtained through condensation between DDS and the corresponding aromatic aldehydes 4-substuited. Three derivatives presented better results than DDS in the determination of DPPH (2, 9, and 10). Likewise, we have three compounds with better reducing activity than dapsone (4, 9, and 10). In order to be more insight, the redox process, a conceptual DFT analysis was carried out. Molecular descriptors such as electronic distribution, the total charge accepting/donating capacity (I/A), and the partial charge accepting/donating capacity (ω+/ω−) were calculated to analyze the relative donor-acceptor capacity through employing a donor acceptor map (DAM). The DFT calculation allowed us to establish a relationship between GAPHOMO-LUMO and DAM with the observed antioxidant effects. According to the results, we concluded that compounds 2 and 3 have the lowest Ra values, representing a good antioxidant behavior observed experimentally in DPPH radical capturing. On the other hand, derivatives 4, 9, and 10 display the best reducing capacity activity with the highest ω− and Rd values. Consequently, we propose these compounds as the best antireductants in our DDS imine derivative series.
  • 1.8K
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Gut Dysbiosis and Diseases
The intestinal mucosal barrier, also referred to as intestinal barrier, is widely recognized as a critical player in gut homeostasis maintenance as it ensures the complex crosstalk between gut microbes (both commensals and pathogens) and the host immune system. Highly specialized epithelial cells constantly cope with several protective and harmful agents to maintain the multiple physiological functions of the barrier as well as its integrity. However, both genetic defects and environmental factors can break such equilibrium, thus promoting gut dysbiosis, dysregulated immune-inflammatory responses, and even the development of chronic pathological conditions.
  • 1.8K
  • 17 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Role of Resilience in Education for Sustainable Development
Resilience is defined as an individual’s capability to sustain a normal state of balance when exposed to exceptionally adverse situations.
  • 1.8K
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Retinal Toxicity Induced by Chemical Agents
Vision is an important sense for humans, and visual impairment/blindness has a huge impact in daily life. The retina is a nervous tissue that is essential for visual processing since it possesses light sensors (photoreceptors) and performs a pre-processing of visual information. Thus, retinal cell dysfunction or degeneration affects visual ability and several general aspects of the day-to-day of a person’s lives. The retina has a blood–retinal barrier, which protects the tissue from a wide range of molecules or microorganisms. However, several agents, coming from systemic pathways, reach the retina and influence its function and survival. Pesticides are still used worldwide for agriculture, contaminating food with substances that could reach the retina. Natural products have also been used for therapeutic purposes and are another group of substances that can get to the retina. Finally, a wide number of medicines administered for different diseases can also affect the retina. Here gathers recent information about the hazard of these products to the retina, which could be used to encourage the search for more healthy, suitable, or less risky agents.
  • 1.8K
  • 18 Aug 2022
Topic Review
CimTrak
CimTrak is computer software for file integrity monitoring and regulatory compliance auditing. It assists in ensuring the availability and integrity of critical IT assets by detecting the root-cause and responding immediately to any unexpected changes to the host operating system, applications, and network devices located on the IT infrastructure. CimTrak works cross-platform and is supported on multiple Windows, Linux, Unix, and Macintosh operating systems. It is licensed as commercial software.
  • 1.8K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites Processing Optimization
Carbon fiber-reinforced composites are widely used in automobile, aerospace and military lightweight manufacturing due to their excellent mechanical properties such as light weight, excellent fracture resistance, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, etc.
  • 1.8K
  • 05 Jan 2023
Topic Review
The uPA/uPAR System in Fibrosis Progression
Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is a single-chain serine protease that can cleave and activate Plg into plasmin by binding to urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). uPA is secreted as a single-chain glycosylated zymogen called pro-uPA, and pro-uPA is activated by several proteinases, such as kallikrein, stromelysin, and plasmin. uPAR is a glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol anchored (GPI) membrane protein that consists of three domains: D1 (residues 1–92), D2 (residues 93–191) and D3 (residues 192–283). uPAR is cleaved between the D1 and D2 domains (linker region) and the GPI-anchor domain by several proteases, such as uPA, plasmin, MMPs, and GPI-specific phospholipase D, and then forms soluble uPAR (suPAR; full length D1-D3, D2D3, and D1).
  • 1.8K
  • 01 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Interaction-Induced Structural Transformations in Polysaccharide and Protein-Polysaccharide Gels
Polysaccharides are biocompatible nontoxic natural polymer compounds. They are widely used as functional soft-matter for exploration in the food industry, drug delivery, regenerative medicine, and other biomedical research and applications. The tunable macroscopic properties of gels should meet case-dependent requirements. The admixture of proteins to polysaccharides and their coupling in more sophisticated structures opens an avenue for gel property tuning via physical cross-linking of components and the modification of gel network structure.
  • 1.8K
  • 24 May 2022
Topic Review
Nutrients’ Role in Epigenetic Modifications
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by an aberrant immune response and persistent inflammation. Epigenetic changes are dynamic and susceptible to modification in response to environmental stimuli, which provides a feasible intervention to influence epigenetic homeostasis through an “epigenetic diet.” The term epigenetic diet was previously described by Daniel et al., referring to the consumption of certain foods, such as soy, grapes, vegetables, and green tea, which exert mechanisms against aging and cancer. 
  • 1.8K
  • 28 Feb 2023
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