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Biography
Roopam Sharma
Roopam Sharma, FRSA (born 24 May 1995) is an Indian scientist. He is best known for his work on Manovue, a technology which enables the visually impaired to read printed text. His research interests include Wearable Computing, Mobile Application Development, Human Centered Design, Computer Vision, AI and Cognitive Science. Roopam was recently awarded the Gifted Citizen Prize 2016[1] and has been
  • 1.8K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Vascular Sources of Nitric Oxide
Nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in numerous physiological processes, including vascular homeostasis. Reduced NO bioavailability is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction, a prequel to many cardiovascular diseases. Biomarkers of an early NO-dependent endothelial dysfunction obtained from routine venous blood sampling would be of great interest but are currently lacking.
  • 1.8K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Northern Elephant Seal
The Northern Elephant Seal (Mirounga angustirostris) stands as a magnificent marine mammal, captivating researchers and nature enthusiasts alike. Known for its colossal size and distinctive, trunk-like proboscis, this species inhabits the eastern Pacific Ocean, predominantly along the coasts of California and Mexico. The life history of the Northern Elephant Seal is marked by remarkable adaptations for oceanic life, intricate social dynamics, and seasonal migrations, making it a compelling subject of study in marine biology.
  • 1.8K
  • 02 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Untargeted Human Milk Metabolomics
Human milk (HM) is considered the gold standard for infant nutrition. HM contains macro- and micronutrients, as well as a range of bioactive compounds (hormones, growth factors, cell debris, etc.). The analysis of the complex and dynamic composition of HM has been a permanent challenge for researchers. The use of novel, cutting-edge techniques involving different metabolomics platforms has permitted to expand knowledge on the variable composition of HM. Here, the state-of-the-art in untargeted metabolomic studies of HM, with emphasis on sampling, extraction and analysis steps is presented.
  • 1.8K
  • 30 May 2022
Topic Review
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a most common type of arthritis occur in the aged population. It affects any joint in the body and degenerates the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Despite the pathophysiology of OA is different, still cartilage resorption is a symbol of osteoarthritis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important proteolytic enzymes that degrade extra-cellular matrix proteins (ECM) in the body. MMPs contribute to the turnover of cartilage and its break down; their levels have increased in the joint tissues of OA patients. Application of chondroprotective drugs neutralize the activities of MMPs. Natural products derived from herbs and plants developed as traditional medicine have paid much attention due to their potential biological effects. Therapeutic value of natural products in OA has increased reputation by presenting clinical impact with insignificant side effects. Several MMPs inhibitor have been used as therapeutic drugs for long time. Recently, different types of compounds have been reviewed for their biological activities. In this review, we summarize numerous natural products for the development as MMPs inhibitors in arthritic diseases and describe the major signaling targets that involved for the treatments of these destructive joint diseases.
  • 1.8K
  • 05 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Lactose Intolerance and Personalized Nutrition
Recent discoveries in the “omics” field and the growing focus on preventive health have opened new avenues for personalized nutrition (PN), which is becoming an important theme in the strategic plans of organizations that are active in healthcare, food, and nutrition research. PN holds great potential for individual health optimization, disease management, public health interventions, and product innovation. However, there are still multiple challenges to overcome before PN can be truly embraced by the public and healthcare stakeholders. The diagnosis and management of lactose intolerance (LI), a common condition with a strong inter-individual component, is explored as an interesting example for the potential role of these technologies and the challenges of PN. From the development of genetic and metabolomic LI diagnostic tests that can be carried out in the home, to advances in the understanding of LI pathology and individualized treatment optimization, PN in LI care has shown substantial progress. However, there are still many research gaps to address, including the understanding of epigenetic regulation of lactase expression and how lactose is metabolized by the gut microbiota, in order to achieve better LI detection and effective therapeutic interventions to reverse the potential health consequences of LI.
  • 1.8K
  • 20 May 2021
Topic Review
Geochemical Modeling
Geochemical modeling is the practice of using chemical thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, or both, to analyze the chemical reactions that affect geologic systems, commonly with the aid of a computer. It is used in high-temperature geochemistry to simulate reactions occurring deep in the Earth's interior, in magma, for instance, or to model low-temperature reactions in aqueous solutions near the Earth's surface, the subject of this article.
  • 1.8K
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Agricultural Drainage
Practicing agricultural drainage strategies is necessary to manage excess water in poorly drained irrigated farmlands to protect them from induced waterlogging and salinity problems. 
  • 1.8K
  • 16 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Ship Automation System and Ship Data Collection
As technologies such as eco-friendly ships, electric propulsion vessels, and multi-fuel propulsion systems advance, the scope of IoT applications in maritime fields is expanding, resulting in increased complexity in control factors. The gradual progression towards Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) is further driving the evolution of ship-based IoT applications. These advancements underscore the necessity for a platform capable of ensuring reliable connectivity between ships and onshore. 
  • 1.8K
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Iron Ore Reduction with Hydrogen
The steel industry represents about 7% of the world’s anthropogenic CO2 emissions due to the high use of fossil fuels. The CO2-lean direct reduction of iron ore with hydrogen is considered to offer a high potential to reduce CO2 emissions, and this direct reduction of Fe2O3 powder is investigated in this research.
  • 1.8K
  • 18 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Secure Cloud Infrastructure Review
Cloud computing is currently becoming a well-known buzzword in which business titans, such as Microsoft, Amazon, and Google, among others, are at the forefront in developing and providing sophisticated cloud computing systems to their users in a cost-effective manner. Security is the biggest concern for cloud computing and is a major obstacle to users adopting cloud computing systems. Maintaining the security of cloud computing is important, especially for the infrastructure.
  • 1.8K
  • 13 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Thermal Analysis to 3D Printing
Thermal analysis (TA) comprises various measuring techniques with a common feature: the measure of the material response when heated or cooled (or, in some cases, held isothermally).
  • 1.8K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
SPIF (Patent Identification Format)
SPIF is a standard format for representing patent identification information. SPIF stands for (Simple/Standard/Specific/Special) Patent Identification Format. SPIF restricts the use of non-standard characters in listing patent publication and patent application. At its core, SPIF is a simple asset identification and disambiguation solution. SPIF does not seek to guarantee the existence of an asset, rather, SPIF seeks to uniquely identify assets. SPIF was created with the following principles in mind: The first version of SPIF was released January 29, 2021. SPIF was launched publicly on March 22, 2021. SPIF is managed by the Linux Foundation's Joint Development Foundation Projects, LLC, SPIF Series, Project Name: SPIF Patent Identification Format.
  • 1.8K
  • 30 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Salmonella enterica Outbreaks from Tahini and Tahini-Based Products
Salmonella is a leading cause of bacterial foodborne illness in the world. Although typically associated with foods of animal origin, low-moisture foods, such as tahini, are quickly gaining recognition as an important vehicle of Salmonella exposure.
  • 1.8K
  • 05 Dec 2022
Biography
Rebekah Jones
Rebekah D. Jones (born July 1989) is an American geographer, specializing in using geographic information system (GIS) data science to track hurricanes and climatology. She used geographic information system software to create the Florida Department of Health COVID-19 dashboard, but was fired from her job in May 2020, which she said was due to her refusal to hide COVID-19 data. Jones is often re
  • 1.8K
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Role of Enteric Nervous System in Parkinson’s Disease
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a nerve network composed of neurons and glial cells that regulates the motor and secretory functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. There is abundant evidence of mutual communication between the brain and the GI tract. Dysfunction of these connections appears to be involved in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Alterations in the ENS have been shown to occur very early in PD, even before central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Post-mortem studies of PD patients have shown aggregation of α-synuclein (αS) in specific subtypes of neurons in the ENS. Subsequently, αS spreads retrogradely in the CNS through preganglionic vagal fibers to this nerve’s dorsal motor nucleus (DMV) and other central nervous structures.
  • 1.8K
  • 02 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Geochemistry of Manganese in Soils
Manganese oxides are considered an essential component of natural geochemical barriers due to their redox and sorptive reactivity towards essential and potentially toxic trace elements. Despite the perception that they are in a relatively stable phase, microorganisms can actively alter the prevailing conditions in their microenvironment and initiate the dissolution of minerals, a process that is governed by various direct (enzymatic) or indirect mechanisms. Microorganisms are also capable of precipitating the bioavailable manganese ions via redox transformations into biogenic minerals, including manganese oxides (e.g., low-crystalline birnessite) or oxalates. Microbially mediated transformation influences the (bio)geochemistry of manganese and also the environmental chemistry of elements intimately associated with its oxides. Therefore, the biodeterioration of manganese-bearing phases and the subsequent biologically induced precipitation of new biogenic minerals may inevitably and severely impact the environment. 
  • 1.8K
  • 16 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Methods Used for the Degradation of Food Dyes
Dyes are widely used in various industries, including food, textile, pharmaceutics and cosmetic industries for the addition of color to products to make them more attractive for customers.
  • 1.8K
  • 16 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Medical Case-Based Multiple-Choice Questions
Moving from old-style multiple-choice questions (MCQs) to ones that are more related to real clinical situations is really important. It helps in growing critical thinking and practical use, especially since MCQs are still the primary method for testing knowledge in medicine.
  • 1.8K
  • 15 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Biotin–(Strept)avidin System
A prevalent, well-characterized immobilization design system is the biotin–(strept)avidin interaction. The biotin–(strept)avidin interaction is considered to be one of the most specific and stable non-covalent interaction, whose dissociation constant (KD) is about 103 to 106 times higher than an antigen–antibody interaction. Its high affinity is principally useful for isolating and amplifying the signal, which increases the ability for the detection of very low concentrations of analyte while decreasing the number of steps required for measurement, allowing for a more rapid quantitation of analyte. The biotin–(strept)avidin system offers enormous advantages over other covalent and non-covalent interactions, which include amplification of weak signals, efficient operation, robustness, and astonishing stability against manipulation, proteolytic enzymes, temperature and pH extremes, harsh organic reagents, and other denaturing reagents. Since the biotin–(strept)avidin interaction is one of the strongest known non-covalent interactions in nature, avidin and its analogues have therefore been extensively used as probes and affinity matrices for a wide variety of applications in the field of biotechnology, such as biochemical assays, diagnostics, affinity purification, and drug delivery.
  • 1.8K
  • 22 Nov 2023
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