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Topic Review
The Synthesis Pathway of L-Theanine in Microorganisms
Theanine, a representative non-protein amino acid in tea, is one of the umami components of tea and a major factor in the formation of the unique flavor of tea leaves. In addition to its delicious taste, theanine has a variety of health functions and is used in the food supplement, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries. 
  • 1.8K
  • 30 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Aquatic and Terrestrial Invertebrate Welfare
Invertebrates are a diverse group of animals that make up the majority of the animal kingdom and encompass a wide array of species with varying adaptations and characteristics. Invertebrates are found in nearly all of the world’s habitats, including aquatic, marine, and terrestrial environments.
  • 1.8K
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Pharmacological Potential of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn on Cancer
Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (SSD, Leguminosae) is a perennial woody vine, indigenous to tropical and subtropical forests in China and other Southeast Asian countries. The vine stem of SSD is called “Jixueteng” (literally means ‘chicken blood vines’) in Chinese, due to the blood-like outflow from its vine stem when it is injured. SSD has been extensively employed in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat several ailments. SSD and its active compounds are effective therapeutic agents for treating a variety of diseases with negligible side effects. SSD has been frequently attributed to having antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, hematopoietic, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. 
  • 1.8K
  • 27 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Ergot Alkaloids Mycotoxins in Cereals
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites synthesized by an array of fungal genera, usually Fusarium, Penicillium and Aspergillus.
  • 1.8K
  • 24 May 2021
Topic Review
Date Palm Fruit against Diabetes
 Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder triggered by disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolisms, where either reduced secretion or sensitivity of insulin is observed coupled with poor glucose control. Date palm fruits are one of the fruits reported to have good potential in diabetes treatment due to its presence of polyphenols exerting strong antioxidant activities. Other possible mechanisms of action include the polyphenolic compounds, which can inhibit enzymes like α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Flavonoids in dates can stimulate β-cells by increasing the number of islets and β-cells, recovering endocrine pancreatic tissues, reducing β-cell apoptosis, activating insulin receptors following the increase in insulin secretion, in addition to improving diabetes-induced complications.
  • 1.8K
  • 31 May 2021
Topic Review
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymers. These biomaterials have grown in importance in the fields of tissue engineering and tissue reconstruction for structural applications where tissue morphology is critical, such as bone, cartilage, blood vessels, and skin, among others. Furthermore, they can be used to accelerate the regeneration in combination with drugs, as drug delivery systems, thus reducing microbial infections. When cells are cultured under stress conditions, a wide variety of microorganisms produce them as a store of intracellular energy in the form of homo- and copolymers of [R]—hydroxyalkanoic acids, depending on the carbon source used for microorganism growth. 
  • 1.8K
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Groundwater Level Modeling with Machine Learning
Groundwater is the largest global reservoir of liquid freshwater, which is under increasing stress due to overdraft. Groundwater is a vital source of freshwater, supporting the livelihood of over two billion people worldwide. The quantitative assessment of groundwater resources is critical for sustainable management of this strained resource, particularly as climate warming, population growth, and socioeconomic development further press the water resources. Rapid growth in the availability of a plethora of in-situ and remotely sensed data alongside advancements in data-driven methods and machine learning offer immense opportunities for an improved assessment of groundwater resources at the local to global levels.
  • 1.8K
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Biological Functions of Coffee
Coffee is a Rubiaceae coffee plant ranked as the first of the three most important beverages in the world, with effects including lowering blood sugar, protecting the liver, and protecting the nerves. Coffee contains many chemical components, including alkaloids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and so on. Chemical components in coffee are the basis of its biological function and taste.
  • 1.8K
  • 20 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Key Management Interoperability Protocol (KMIP)
The Key Management Interoperability Protocol (KMIP) is an extensible communication protocol that defines message formats for the manipulation of cryptographic keys on a key management server. This facilitates data encryption by simplifying encryption key management. Keys may be created on a server and then retrieved, possibly wrapped by other keys. Both symmetric and asymmetric keys are supported, including the ability to sign certificates. KMIP also allows for clients to ask a server to encrypt or decrypt data, without needing direct access to the key. The KMIP standard was first released in 2010. Clients and servers are commercially available from multiple vendors. The KMIP standard effort is governed by the OASIS standards body. Technical details can also be found on the official KMIP page and wiki.
  • 1.8K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Carbon-LiFePO4 Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Li-ion batteries are in demand due to technological advancements in the electronics industry; thus, expanding the battery supply chain and improving its electrochemical performance is crucial. Carbon materials are used to increase the cyclic stability and specific capacity of cathode materials, which are essential to batteries. LiFePO4 (LFP) cathodes are generally safe and have a long cycle life. However, the common LFP cathode has a low inherent conductivity, and adding a carbon nanomaterial significantly influences how well it performs electrochemically.
  • 1.8K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Biography
Rodney Orpheus
Rodney Orpheus (born 8 July 1960) is a Northern Irish musician, record producer, writer, lecturer, and technologist. He is known for his work with the musical group The Cassandra Complex and for his book on the magick of Aleister Crowley, Abrahadabra. Rodney Orpheus was born William Rodney Campbell on 8 July 1960 in Moneymore, Northern Ireland, and attended Rainey Endowed School on a scholars
  • 1.8K
  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Demyelination and Remyelination Strategies for Multiple Sclerosis
All licensed medications for multiple sclerosis (MS) target the immune system. Albeit promising preclinical results demonstrated disease amelioration and remyelination enhancement via modulating oligodendrocyte lineage cells, most drug candidates showed only modest or no effects in human clinical trials. This might be due to the fact that remyelination is a sophistically orchestrated process that calls for the interplay between oligodendrocyte lineage cells, neurons, central nervous system (CNS) resident innate immune cells, and peripheral immune infiltrates and that this process may somewhat differ in humans and rodent models used in research. 
  • 1.8K
  • 11 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Aromatic Plants and Bioactive Compounds
Natural compounds obtained from different medicinal and aromatic plants have gained respect as alternative treatments to synthetic drugs, as well as raw materials for different applications (cosmetic, food and feed industries, environment protection, and many others). Based on a literature survey on dedicated databases, the content includes a critical discussion of aspects regarding classical extraction versus modern extraction techniques; possibilities to scale up (advantages and disadvantages of different extraction methods usually applied and the influence of extraction parameters); and different medicinal and aromatic plants’ different applications (medical and industrial applications, as well as the potential use in nanotechnology).
  • 1.8K
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Deep Learning and Lung Disease
The recent developments of deep learning support the identification and classification of lung diseases in medical images.
  • 1.8K
  • 26 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Phytochemicals mitigate AD mitochondrial dysfunctions
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a decline in cognitive function and neuronal damage. Although the precise pathobiology of AD remains elusive, accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the underlying causes of AD. Mutations in mitochondrial or nuclear DNA that encode mitochondrial components may cause mitochondrial dysfunction. In particular, the dysfunction of electron transport chain complexes, along with the interactions of mitochondrial pathological proteins are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. Mitochondrial dysfunction causes an imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress (OS) and vice versa. Neuroin-flammation is another potential contributory factor that induces mitochondrial dysfunction. Phy-tochemicals or other natural compounds have the potential to scavenge oxygen free radicals and enhance cellular antioxidant defense systems, thereby protecting against OS-mediated cellular damage. Phytochemicals can also modulate other cellular processes, including autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis.
  • 1.8K
  • 25 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Wireless Sensor System
With the generation of tremendous data, humans are experiencing a rapid development period. The large amount of data is produced from billions of wireless sensor nodes. A wireless sensor node is a sensing device capable of signal processing and data communication. A collection of those sensor nodes in a particular combination forms a wireless sensor network (WSN). Each wireless sensor node typically performs three main functions—sensing, processing, transceiving data, along with optionally issuing commands to actuators.
  • 1.8K
  • 18 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Fruit and Vegetable Wastes
Food waste (FW) is already acknowledged as a major global issue that threatens the long-term viability of the food supply chain.
  • 1.8K
  • 26 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Innovative Strategies to Fuel Organic Food Business Growth
Whether consumers seek organic food for a healthy body or more as food for thought continues to be debated. Consumers do not need to be protected from the reality of organic food. The recommendation for marketers is to enhance the education of consumers and to pursue clear communication with them, as honesty may be the best policy here. Customers’ loyalty lies in trust, not in the brand. Availability, variety, and taste are the top three factors affecting consumers’ purchase decisions. Surprisingly, price or health consciousness is not the first concern for consumers.
  • 1.8K
  • 08 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Arisaema Jacquemontii Blume
Arisaema jacquemontii Blume (Araceae) is a medicinally important plant and is used for the treatment of different diseases specially in dermatological disorders. Alkaloids, phenols, terpenes, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins have been reported from this plant. Antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial and anticancer activities are also shown by Arisaema jacquemontii. 
  • 1.8K
  • 15 Aug 2022
Biography
Ivar Giaever
Ivar Giaever (Norwegian: Giæver, IPA: [ˈiːvɑr ˈjeːvər]; born April 5, 1929) is a Norwegian-American physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and Brian Josephson "for their discoveries regarding tunnelling phenomena in solids".[1] Giaever's share of the prize was specifically for his "experimental discoveries regarding tunnelling phenomena in superconductors"
  • 1.8K
  • 15 Nov 2022
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