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Topic Review
Blockchain and the Physical Internet
Integrating triple bottom line (TBL) goals into supply chains (SCs) is a challenging task which necessitates the careful coordination of numerous stakeholders’ individual interests. Recent technological advancements can impact TBL sustainability by changing the design, structure and management of modern SCs. Blockchain technology enables immutable data records and facilitates a shared data view along the supply chain. The Physical Internet (PI) is an overarching framework that can be applied to create a layered and comprehensive view of the SC. In this conceptual paper I define and combine these technologies and derive several high-level research areas and research questions to investigate adoption, management as well as structural SC issues. I suggest a theory-based research agenda for the years to come that exploits the strengths of rigorous academic research, while remaining relevant for the industry. Furthermore, I suggest various well-established theories to tackle the respective research questions and provide specific directions for future research.
  • 1.8K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
3D Printing for Periodontal Regeneration
The three-dimensional printing of scaffolds is an interesting alternative to the traditional techniques of periodontal regeneration. This technique uses computer assisted design and manufacturing after CT scan. After 3D modelling, individualized scaffolds are printed by extrusion, selective laser sintering, stereolithography, or powder bed inkjet printing. These scaffolds can be made of one or several materials such as natural polymers, synthetic polymers, or bioceramics.
  • 1.8K
  • 14 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Alymphoid Cystic Thymic Dysgenesis
T-cell immunodeficiency, congenital alopecia, and nail dystrophy is a type of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), which is a group of disorders characterized by an almost total lack of immune protection from foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses. People with this form of SCID are missing functional immune cells called T cells, which normally recognize and attack foreign invaders to prevent infection. Without functional T cells, affected individuals develop repeated and persistent infections starting early in life. The infections result in slow growth and can be life-threatening; without effective treatment, most affected individuals live only into infancy or early childhood.
  • 1.8K
  • 04 Jan 2021
Topic Review
MCDM Methods in Water Allocation
The water allocation problem is complex and requires a combination of regulations, policies, and mechanisms to support water management to minimize the risk of shortage among competing users. This study compiles the application of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) related to water allocation. In this regard, this paper aims to identify and to discern the pattern, distribution of study regions, water problem classifications, and decision techniques application for a specific water allocation problem. We applied a systematic literature review study from 2000 to 2019 by using four literature databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar). From 109 papers, 49 publications have been identified and information extracted. This study reveals that in the past two decades the application of MCDM in the area of water allocation has increased particularly after 2014. Around 65% and 12% of study papers were conducted in Asia and Europe, respectively. Water shortage, water use management, and water quality were consecutively the most top-ranked discussed water problems. NSGA II (non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm), GA (genetic algorithm), and LP (linear programming) are the more often applied decision methods to solve water allocation problems. The key findings of this study provide guidelines for future research studies.
  • 1.8K
  • 22 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases
Fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases) are used for various applications, such as in refrigeration and air conditioning, as substitutes of the ozone-depleting substances. Their utilization has increased drastically over the last few decades, with serious consequences for global warming. The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol and several national and international legislations, such as the 2014 EU F-gas Regulation, aim to control the utilization and emissions of these gases. In the EU, the phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) is underway, with successive reductions in quotas up to 2050. Under this scenario, efficient strategies for managing the produced and already existing F-gases are of vital importance to guarantee that their effect on the environment is mitigated. Up to now, most of the F-gases recovered from end-of-life equipment or when retrofitting systems are either released into the atmosphere or destroyed. However, in order to put forward a cost-efficient adaptation to the F-gas phase-down, increasing separation and recycling efforts must be made.
  • 1.8K
  • 24 May 2021
Topic Review
Concrete Incorporated with Recycled HDPE
Incorporating recycled plastic waste in concrete manufacturing is one of the most ecologically and economically sustainable solutions for the rapid trends of annual plastic disposal and natural resource depletion worldwide. This paper comprehensively reviews the literature on engineering performance of recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) incorporated in concrete in the forms of aggregates or fiber or cementitious material. Optimum 28-days’ compressive and flexural strength of HDPE fine aggregate concrete is observed at HDPE-10 and splitting tensile strength at HDPE-5 whereas for HDPE coarse aggregate concrete, within the range of 10% to 15% of HDPE incorporation and at HDPE-15, respectively. Similarly, 28-days’ flexural and splitting tensile strength of HDPE fiber reinforced concrete is increased to an optimum of 4.9 MPa at HDPE-3 and 4.4 MPa at HDPE-3.5, respectively, and higher than the standard/plain concrete matrix (HDPE-0) in all HDPE inclusion levels. Hydrophobicity, smooth surface texture and non-reactivity of HDPE has resulted in weaker bonds between concrete matrix and HDPE and thereby reducing both mechanical and durability performances of HDPE concrete with the increase of HDPE.
  • 1.8K
  • 07 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Essential Oils for Food Packaging
Essential oils (EOs) are concentrated liquid mixtures of volatile compounds with antioxidant and antibacterial properties that can be used as natural, eco-friendly, renewable, and cost-effective additives. The use of combinations of different EOs and their components is a promising strategy to increase the synergistic and additive effects of EOs in foods.
  • 1.8K
  • 27 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Wearable Resistive Strain Sensors
As the demand for the real-time monitoring of human motion and physiological information has grown, miniature and intelligent wearable electronic devices have been rapidly developed. Nowadays, a variety of wearable electronic products, such as electronic skins, smart watches and sports wristbands, are becoming an indispensable part of our lives and changing our behavior patterns and lifestyles. Strain sensors are important components of wearable electronic devices, which register and transmit changes in human motion parameters and physical health indicators through electrical signal responses.
  • 1.8K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Power Battery Thermal Management System
The battery thermal management system is a key skill that has been widely used in power battery cooling and preheating. It can ensure that the power battery operates safely and stably at a suitable temperature.
  • 1.8K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
News Feed
News Feed is a feature of the social network Facebook. The web feed is the primary system through which users are exposed to content posted on the network. News Feed highlights information that includes profile changes, upcoming events, and birthdays, among other updates. Using a proprietary method, Facebook selects a handful of updates to show users every time they visit their feed, out of an average of 2,000 updates they can potentially receive. Over two billion people use Facebook every month, making the network's News Feed the most viewed and most influential aspect of the news industry.
  • 1.8K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Harbour
Harbour is a modern computer programming language, primarily used to create database/business programs. It is a modernized, open sourced and cross-platform version of the older Clipper system, which in turn developed from the dBase database market of the 1980s and 90s. Harbour code using the same databases can be compiled under a wide variety of platforms, including Microsoft Windows, Linux, Unix variants, several BSD descendants, Mac OS X, MINIX 3, Windows CE, Pocket PC, Symbian, iOS, Android, QNX, VxWorks, OS/2/eComStation, BeOS/Haiku, AIX and MS-DOS.
  • 1.8K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Structure, Expression Regulation, and Subcellular Localization of USP16
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 16 (USP16) is a deubiquitinase that plays a role in the regulation of gene expression, cell cycle progression, and various other functions. It was originally identified as the major deubiquitinase for histone H2A and has since been found to deubiquitinate a range of other substrates, including proteins from both the cytoplasm and nucleus. USP16 is phosphorylated when cells enter mitosis and dephosphorylated during the metaphase/anaphase transition. While much of USP16 is localized in the cytoplasm, separating the enzyme from its substrates is considered an important regulatory mechanism. Some of the functions that USP16 has been linked to include DNA damage repair, immune disease, tumorigenesis, protein synthesis, coronary artery health, and male infertility. The strong connection to immune response and the fact that multiple oncogene products are substrates of USP16 suggests that USP16 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of certain human diseases.
  • 1.8K
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Beneficial Effects of Capsaicin in Kidney Diseases
Capsaicin, the organic compound which attributes the spicy flavor and taste of red peppers and chili peppers, has been extensively studied for centuries as a potential natural remedy for the treatment of several illnesses. The identification of novel, effective renoprotective agents for improving the treatment of renal diseases remains a largely unmet need. Nowadays, promising evidence has been accumulated demonstrating different experimental benefits of capsaicin in some of the most important and complicated renal diseases, such as acute kidney injury (AKI) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Additionally, capsaicin may also play a protective role against renal fibrosis and pathological arterial calcifications, two hallmarks of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD), and could partly antagonize the detrimental effects of nephrovascular and salt-sensitive hypertension.
  • 1.8K
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Caelum
Caelum, recognized by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), is a faint and small constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere. It was introduced by the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in the 18th century, representing a chisel, part of the sculptor's tools, in his constellation sketches.
  • 1.8K
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Diversity of Plant Cell Wall
The plant cell wall is a complex and dynamic structure composed of many different molecules, which play multiple roles in all aspects of plant life. Today, a new frontier of biotechnology has opened up, which has provided new insights into the structural and functional diversity of cell walls, and is thus serving to re-emphasize the significance of cell wall divergence in the evolutionary history of plant species. The recent availability of plant genome datasets can be used to increase the knowledge regarding the diversity of cell walls among different plant species. Since the growth and development of all types of plant cells are functions of cell wall dynamics, further understanding of the functional diversity of cell walls in relation to diverse biological events will have a significant effect on the broad field of plant sciences.
  • 1.8K
  • 18 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Recursion Predicts Covid-19 Trajectories
Modulated recurrence model predicts Covid-19 trajectory in multiple countries.  Wave action at 14-week intervals correlates with case numbers, while predicting future growth rate surges. Graphs of total Covid-19 case numbers in many countries now show long-period wave action.  Simulations using a sine modulated time-delay recurrence equation not only correlate with case data but also proves a π-commensurate wave period of 26 weeks.  When the slope of geometric growth exceeds arithmetic growth, a periodic wave launches in the population with all the dynamics of a damped oscillation.  Recursive simulation generates trajectories that predict future wave peak times and amplitudes.  Data from USA, Canada, UK, Germany, India and Australia are studied in this research.  In all cases, Covid-19 trajectories around the world show the common feature of periodic oscillations as case numbers increase.  Discovery of repeatable Covid-19 growth dynamics suggests a common invariant mechanism of virus propagation, irrespective of country.
  • 1.8K
  • 17 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Appendage Regeneration in Vertebrates
Appendage regeneration in vertebrates means the ability to regenerate amputated or injured tissues and organs, which is a fascinating property shared by several invertebrates and, interestingly, some vertebrates.
  • 1.8K
  • 01 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Phorbas Sponges
Porifera, commonly referred to as marine sponges, are acknowledged as major producers of marine natural products (MNPs). Sponges of the genus Phorbas have attracted much attention over the years. They are widespread in all continents, and several structurally unique bioactive compounds have been identified from this species. 
  • 1.8K
  • 30 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Climate Change on Smallholder Irrigation Schemes in Zimbabwe
Smallholder irrigation schemes (SISs) have been portrayed as a panacea to climate change adaptation. However, there is an emerging discourse that established schemes are becoming vulnerable to increased climate variability and change, particularly increased water stress. The change in climate experienced world-wide already has negative implications for 21st-century agriculture in Zimbabwe. There is mounting evidence that large investments have been made in Zimbabwe’s SISs in an attempt to depart from rain-fed agriculture through judicious harnessing of available water resources. However, there is rising concern about the need to build the resilience of these schemes to protect investments in light of a more variable climate. 
  • 1.8K
  • 01 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer
Reprogramming is a process mediated by multiple factors, including oncogenes, growth factors, hypoxia-induced factors, and the loss of suppressor gene function, which support malignant transformation and tumor development in addition to cell heterogeneity. Consequently, this hallmark promotes resistance to conventional anti-tumor therapies by adapting to the drastic changes in the nutrient microenvironment that these therapies entail. Therefore, it represents a revolutionary landscape during cancer progression that could be useful for developing new and improved therapeutic strategies targeting alterations in cancer cell metabolism, such as the deregulated mTOR and PI3K pathways.
  • 1.8K
  • 27 Jun 2022
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