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Biography
John Fenn
John Bennett Fenn (June 15, 1917 – December 10, 2010) was an American professor of analytical chemistry who was awarded a share of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002. Fenn shared half of the award with Koichi Tanaka for their work in mass spectrometry. The other half of the 2002 award went to Kurt Wüthrich. Fenn's contributions specifically related to the development of electrospray ioniza
  • 1.9K
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Oge Modie
Ogechukwu Olufunmilola Modie (born January 12, 1976) is a Nigerian public servant who works as the Chief of Staff (an unconstitutional office) to the Honorable Minister of State for Petroleum Resources. She was the Chief of Staff (an unconstitutional office) to the former Group Managing Director (GMD) of Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), Nigeria's National Oil Corporation. Subsequently, the GMD was named as the Chairman of the Board of the Corporation, as provided for under Section 1(2) of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Act of 1997, as amended on 4 July 2016. Her primary responsibility is the provision of administrative, organisational and advisory support to Dr. Emmanuel Ibe Kachikwu. She assumed duty in August 2015. Prior to her present position, Modie was appointed by the Board of Directors of NOIPolls Limited as Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer in August 2012. Modie was featured in Business Day where she was referred to as "a dynamic woman with skills that show in the ways she carries out her work" and "the first woman to have headed Nigeria’s leading independent opinion polling and research organization". Under her leadership, NOIPolls grew in visibility across the West African region and the continent. The company won various awards; the Global Excellence Quality Award for the "Global Most Innovative Consumer Research and Data Analysis Company" for the year 2014 and the Pan-African Distinguished Achievers Awards (PADAA) for "West Africa's No.1 Opinion Polling Research Organization". In 2015, the company also won the African Quality Achievement Award for "Africa's Most Reliable Quality Opinion Research and Polling Service Provider", Nigerian Brands Organisation's "Most Innovative and Impactful Market Research Agency of the Year-Platinum Award" and "Opinion Polling Company of the Year" by the African Development Magazine. Modie has developed a career in corporate finance, SME development and finance, opinion research and now public service. She is a member of ESOMAR World Research (Netherlands), a Distinguished Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Brand Management of Nigeria (FIBN) and a Fellow of the Institute of Credit Administration of Nigeria (FICA). In addition, she is a Class 2015 member of the African Leadership Network (ALN). ALN creates and strengthens relationships between these leaders to encourage intra-African trade, investment and collaboration. Modie was conferred with an "African Leadership Excellence Award" by African Leadership Magazine, United Kingdom Limited. She also received an Award of Excellence as "Exceptional Contributor to the Development of Economics" from the University of Abuja chapter of the National Economics Students Association (NESA).
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  • 08 Dec 2022
Biography
Ajit Singh
Rome was not built in a day and success doesn’t come easy, diligence is the key to it. Mr. Ajit sets a new benchmark. ‘The Internet of Things’ was just another feather to his glorious cap. He has successfully authored 49 nonfiction computer science academic books and around 60 research papers. He was selected as a member of the International Association of Engineers, Hong Kong. He is resul
  • 1.9K
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Phytate and Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent bone disorder especially in post-menopausal women. Lifestyle interventions such as physical activity and nutrition play an important role in the prevention and treatment of bone mineral loss. Phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate or InsP6) is the main phosphorus reservoir that is present in almost all wholegrains, legumes, and oilseeds. It is a major component of the Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets. Phytate is recognized as a nutraceutical and is classified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS). Phytate has been shown to be effective in treating or preventing certain diseases. Phytate has been shown to inhibit calcium salt crystallization and, therefore, to reduce vascular calcifications, calcium renal calculi and soft tissue calcifications. 
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  • 16 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Mathematics Enrichment Program
The mathematics enrichment activities aim to provide students with a stimulating mathematical experience, promote positive attitudes, raise the level of achievement, and contribute to efforts to enhance, generalize, and increase the general understanding of mathematics.
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  • 26 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Lean Six Sigma Impact Analysis on Sustainability
Many world-class manufacturing companies use the concept of lean (L) as an improvement method. Its objectives are eliminating waste and non-value activities in production processes, cost reduction, and achieving faster service with less human effort, time, and equipment by applying tools and techniques that fulfill these objectives. Six Sigma (SS) is used in manufacturing industries to reduce and eliminate defects and variability in production, delivery and cycle times, forecasting, quality, customer service, and logistics, among others. It uses various methods, such as “define, measure, analyze, improve and control” (DMAIC) for existing processes, and “define, measure, analyze, design, and verify” (DMADV) for new products or processes. Both L and SS are complementary approaches to achieving good performance. Their integration is known as Lean Six Sigma (LSS). LSS identifies customer needs and eliminates waste while reducing process variability. 
  • 1.9K
  • 23 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Proper Name
In the philosophy of language, a proper name – examples include a name of a specific person or place – is a name which ordinarily is taken to uniquely identify its referent in the world. As such it presents particular challenges for theories of meaning, and it has become a central problem in analytic philosophy. The common-sense view was originally formulated by John Stuart Mill in A System of Logic (1843), where he defines it as "a word that answers the purpose of showing what thing it is that we are talking about but not of telling anything about it". This view was criticized when philosophers applied principles of formal logic to linguistic propositions. Gottlob Frege pointed out that proper names may apply to imaginary and nonexistent entities, without becoming meaningless, and he showed that sometimes more than one proper name may identify the same entity without having the same sense, so that the phrase "Homer believed the morning star was the evening star" could be meaningful and not tautological in spite of the fact that the morning star and the evening star identifies the same referent. This example became known as Frege's puzzle and is a central issue in the theory of proper names. Bertrand Russell was the first to propose a descriptivist theory of names, which held that a proper name refers not to a referent, but to a set of true propositions that uniquely describe a referent – for example, "Aristotle" refers to "the teacher of Alexander the Great". Rejecting descriptivism, Saul Kripke and Keith Donnellan instead advanced causal-historical theories of reference, which hold that names come to be associated with individual referents because social groups who link the name to its reference in a naming event (e.g. a baptism), which henceforth fixes the value of the name to the specific referent within that community. Today a direct reference theory is common, which holds that proper names refer to their referents without attributing any additional information, connotative or of sense, about them.
  • 1.9K
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Onium Compound
In chemistry, an onium ion is a cation formally obtained by the protonation of mononuclear parent hydride of a pnictogen (group 15 of the periodic table), chalcogen (group 16), or halogen (group 17). The oldest-known onium ion, and the namesake for the class, is ammonium, NH+4, the protonated derivative of ammonia, NH3. The name onium is also used for cations that would result from the substitution of hydrogen atoms in those ions by other groups, such as organic radicals, or halogens; such as tetraphenylphosphonium, (C6H5)4P+. The substituent groups may be divalent or trivalent, yielding ions such as iminium and nitrilium. A simple onium ion has a charge of +1. A larger ion that has two onium ion subgroups is called a double onium ion, and has a charge of +2. A triple onium ion has a charge of +3, and so on. Compounds of an onium cation and some other negative ion are known as onium compounds or onium salts. Onium ions and onium compounds are inversely analogous to -ate ions and ate complexes:
  • 1.9K
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Keloid
Keloid, also known as keloid disorder and keloidal scar, is the formation of a type of scar which, depending on its maturity, is composed mainly of either type III (early) or type I (late) collagen. It is a result of an overgrowth of granulation tissue (collagen type 3) at the site of a healed skin injury which is then slowly replaced by collagen type 1. Keloids are firm, rubbery lesions or shiny, fibrous nodules, and can vary from pink to the color of the person's skin or red to dark brown in color. A keloid scar is benign and not contagious, but sometimes accompanied by severe itchiness, pain, and changes in texture. In severe cases, it can affect movement of skin. Worldwide, men and women of African, Asian, Hispanic and European descent can develop these raised scars. In the United States keloid scars are seen 15 times more frequently in people of sub-Saharan African descent than in people of European descent. There is a higher tendency to develop a keloid among those with a family history of keloids and people between the ages of 10 and 30 years. Keloids should not be confused with hypertrophic scars, which are raised scars that do not grow beyond the boundaries of the original wound.
  • 1.9K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Cerenkov luminescence imaging and applications
       Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) is a novel optical molecular imaging modality based on the detection of the Cerenkov radiation.
  • 1.9K
  • 21 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Detection of Olive Oil Oxidation Status during Storage
Oxidation is an undesirable series of chemical reactions in oil that completely degrade its quality. Oxidation affects the quality of the oil during its production and its subsequent storage, and it is a strictly post-harvest level quality assessment. It describes the handling of olive oil and how it was produced (cold/hot extraction) and stored. It is known that, when an oil is exposed to oxygen, heat, and light, it becomes oxidized.
  • 1.9K
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Chasmataspidid
Chasmataspidids, sometime referred to as chasmataspids, are a group of extinct chelicerate arthropods that form the order Chasmataspidida. Chasmataspidids are probably related to horseshoe crabs (Xiphosura) and/or sea scorpions (Eurypterida), with more recent studies suggest that they form a clade (Dekatriata) with Eurypterida and Arachnida. Chasmataspidids are known sporadically in the fossil record through to the mid-Devonian, with possible evidence suggest that they also present during the late Cambrian. Chasmataspidids are most easily recognised by having an abdomen divided into a short forepart (preabdomen or mesosoma) and a longer hindpart (postabdomen or metasoma) each comprising 4 and 9 segments respectively. There is some debate about whether they form a natural (i.e. monophyletic) group.
  • 1.9K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Alpha-Emitting Radionuclides in Wild Mushrooms
Alpha-emitting radioisotopes are the most radiotoxic nuclides among all radionuclides. Especially medium- and long-living isotopes that enter the body, are hazardous metals of the greatest importance from the human life point of view. This review focuses on the most common natural and anthropogenic origin alpha-emitting radionuclides in wild mushrooms around the world. Mushrooms are considered as suitable bioindicators of environmental pollution with some metallic elements, for the reason they bioaccumulate a range of mineral ionic constituents including radioactive elements at different levels. Various species have different retain capacities of individual radionuclides. In turn, wild edible mushrooms are food products, mostly consumed regionally and also traded at an international scale. Mushrooms under pollution events situation might cause a risk to consumers due to exposure to highly radiotoxic decay particles produced by alpha emitters.
  • 1.9K
  • 20 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Prostaglandin E2 and cancer
The involvement of inflammation in cancer progression has been the subject of research for many years. Inflammatory milieu and immune response are associated with cancer progression and recurrence. In different types of tumors, growth and metastatic phenotype characterized by the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, stemness, and angiogenesis, are increasingly associated with intrinsic or extrinsic inflammation. Among the inflammatory mediators, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) supports epithelial tumor aggressiveness by several mechanisms, including growth promotion, escape from apoptosis, transactivation of tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors, and induction of angiogenesis. Moreover, PGE2 is an important player in the tumor microenvironment, where it suppresses antitumor immunity and regulates tumor immune evasion, leading to increased tumoral progression.
  • 1.9K
  • 11 Dec 2020
Topic Review
B-Cell-Based Immunotherapy
The field of immunotherapy has undergone radical conceptual changes over the last decade. There are various examples of immunotherapy, including the use of monoclonal antibodies, cancer vaccines, tumor-infecting viruses, cytokines, adjuvants, and autologous T cells carrying chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that can bind cancer-specific antigens known as adoptive immunotherapy.
  • 1.9K
  • 15 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Engineering Doctorate
The Doctor of Engineering, or Engineering Doctorate, (abbreviated Eng.D., D.Eng., D.Engr., Dr.Eng., or Dr.-Ing.) is a degree awarded on the basis of advanced study and research in engineering and applied sciences. In most countries, it is a terminal research doctorate. A DEng/EngD is equivalent to a PhD in engineering, but different in that it has a solid industrial base and an additional taught element. The DEng/EngD along with the PhD represents the highest academic qualification in engineering, and the successful completion of either in engineering is generally required to gain employment as a full-time, tenure-track university professor or postdoctoral researcher in the field. Individuals can use the academic title doctor, which is often represented via the English honorific "Dr”. DEng/EngD candidates submit a significant project, typically referred to as a thesis or praxis, consisting of a body of original applied research that may be in principle worthy of publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Candidates must defend this work before a panel of expert examiners called a thesis or dissertation committee.
  • 1.9K
  • 06 Oct 2022
Biography
Walter Gerlach
Walther Gerlach (1 August 1889 – 10 August 1979) was a German physicist who co-discovered spin quantization in a magnetic field, the Stern–Gerlach effect. Gerlach was born in Biebrich, Hessen-Nassau, German Empire, as son of Dr. med. Valentin Gerlach and his wife Marie Niederhaeuser. He studied at the University of Tübingen from 1908, and received his doctorate in 1912, under Friedrich
  • 1.9K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Bivalent Proximity-Inducing Compounds for Targeted Protein Degradation
Bivalent proximity-inducing compounds represent a novel class of small molecule therapeutics with exciting potential and new challenges. The most prominent examples of such compounds are utilized in targeted protein degradation where E3 ligases are hijacked to recruit a substrate protein to the proteasome via ubiquitination.
  • 1.9K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Self-Talk and Self-Regulation
The self is usually understood as being multidimensional in nature, made up of both conscious and unconscious levels, and informed by the observations of others; it includes all conceivable private and public aspects that make up who a person is, such as thoughts, emotions, goals, values, sensations, memories, traits, attitudes, physical attributes, behaviors, and skills. The self represents a highly dynamic system constituted of social, cognitive, emotional, motivational, and neurological dimensions.
  • 1.9K
  • 05 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Marine-Derived Bisindoles for Potent Selective Cancer Drug Discovery
Indole is a multifunctional active pharmacophore and a heterocyclic compound widely present in natural and synthetic compounds with biological activity. Indole alkaloids from natural sources display diverse mechanisms and structures and exert anticancer potential through various antiproliferation mechanisms. Thus, indole alkaloids play a significant role in the discovery of new anticancer drugs. Scientists have subsequently isolated various new bisindole alkaloids from marine organisms, especially deep-water sponges. They are usually extracted with organic solvents (e.g., methanol, ethyl acetate). And the extracts were concentrated and partitioned between organic and aqueous phases. The organic phase is separated with chromatography separation technology, including silica gel column chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, etc. Most marine-derived bisindoles exist in solid form, which makes it convenient for us to determine their absolute configuration by single crystal. A number of marine-derived bisindoles exhibit strong and varied biological activities. Due to their unique biological activities and chemical structures, they have become a research focal point in pharmaceutical chemistry as lead compounds for new drug development. It is noteworthy that many drugs based on marine-derived bisindoles have been approved or are currently in clinical research, such as midostaurin, lestaurtinib, and enzastaurin. These drug molecules have shown potent selective anti-tumor effects.
  • 1.9K
  • 06 Mar 2024
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