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Topic Review
Factors of Consumer Attitudes towards Organic Food Products
Globally, organic food production and consumption have significantly increased, driven largely by perceived positive impacts on consumer health, the environment, and sustainable development. In emerging economies, consumers often lack trust in institutions which are responsible for ensuring food safety and quality. Certification is the most influential factor in consumers’ attitudes towards organic food products. In addition, actors involved in the organic food system should make an effort to better communicate the health, environmental, and social benefits associated with the consumption of organic food products to consumers, given that health and environmental issues significantly influence consumers’ attitudes towards organic food products. A joint effort should be made to increase awareness and knowledge of the provision of other positive externalities of organic farming, including other sustainability aspects related to animal welfare, rural development, local origin, and respect for human rights. This indicates that there is potential for growth of the organic market considering that most consumers have concerns about food safety, health, and the environment.
  • 2.0K
  • 13 Jun 2022
Biography
Pieter de La Court
Pieter de la Court (1618 – May 28, 1685) was a Dutch economist and businessman, he is the origin of the successful De la Court family. He pioneered modern thinking about the economic importance of free competition and was an uncompromising advocate of the republican form of government. Pieter de la Court was born in Leiden, the son of Pieter de la Court the Elder and Jeanne des Planques. Hi
  • 2.0K
  • 15 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Underwater Communication Protocols
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) have recently established themselves as an extremely interesting area of research thanks to the mysterious qualities of the ocean. The UWSN consists of sensor nodes and vehicles working to collect data and complete tasks. The battery capacity of sensor nodes is quite limited, which means that the UWSN network needs to be as efficient as it can possibly be. It is difficult to connect with or update a communication that is taking place underwater due to the high latency in propagation, the dynamic nature of the network, and the likelihood of introducing errors. This makes it difficult to communicate with or update a communication.
  • 2.0K
  • 29 May 2023
Topic Review
Huntington’s Disease
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by pathogenic expansions of the triplet cytosine-adenosine-guanosine (CAG) within the Huntingtin gene. These expansions lead to a prolongation of the poly-glutamine stretch at the N-terminus of Huntingtin causing protein misfolding and aggregation. Huntingtin and its pathological variants are widely expressed, but the central nervous system is mainly a ected, as proved by the wide spectrum of neurological symptoms, including behavioral anomalies, cognitive decline and motor disorders. Other hallmarks of HD are loss of body weight and muscle atrophy. This review highlights some key elements that likely provide a major contribution to muscle atrophy, namely, alteration of the transcriptional processes, mitochondrial dysfunction, which is strictly correlated to loss of energy homeostasis, inflammation, apoptosis and defects in the processes responsible for the protein quality control. The improvement of muscular symptoms has proven to slow the disease progression and extend the life span of animal models of HD, underlining the importance of a deep comprehension of the molecular mechanisms driving deterioration of muscular tissue.
  • 2.0K
  • 24 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Conductive Electrospun Nanofiber Mats
Conductive nanofiber mats can be used in a broad variety of applications, such as electromagnetic shielding, sensors, multifunctional textile surfaces, organic photovoltaics, or biomedicine. Here we give an overview of the most recent applications of such conductive electrospun nanofiber mats.
  • 2.0K
  • 23 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Geopolymer Technology: Possible "Cement-Matrix" Sosbtitution
Geopolymer technology (GCs) refer to a class of alumino-silicate cementitious materials resulting from an inorganic polycondensation reaction (named “geopolymerization”) between solid alumino-silicate precursors and highly concentrated aqueous alkali hydroxide or silicate solution such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), or potassium silicate (K2SiO3).
  • 2.0K
  • 15 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Structural Neuroimaging Findings in Developmental Language Disorder
Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a heterogenous neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a child’s ability to comprehend and/or produce spoken and/or written language, yet it cannot be attributed to hearing loss or overt neurological damage. The link between brain development and language outcomes in children with DLD is unclear, and this lack of connection is apparent when reviewing the DLD neuroimaging literature. Over the past 50 years, there have been fewer than 60 neuroimaging studies (excluding EEG studies) with children diagnosed with DLD. The majority of these studies have focused on structural brain differences when compared to language-unimpaired (neurotypical) children or children with other neurodevelopmental language disorders, such as children diagnosed with ASD and concomitant language impairment. Though there are some consistencies differences in participant selection and inclusion, diagnostic criteria, methodology, and analyses used underlie the disparate findings to date. As such, comparing the results across studies and evaluating how structural brain abnormalities contribute to language impairment in children with DLD is challenging. Nonetheless, the researchers provide a general overview of structural neuroimaging findings in DLD and highlight consistent patterns of results.
  • 2.0K
  • 14 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Drug Delivery for Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year, representing one third of global mortality. As existing therapies still have limited success, due to the inability to control the biodistribution of the currently approved drugs, the quality of life of these patients is modest. The advent of nanomedicine has brought new insights in innovative treatment strategies.
  • 2.0K
  • 08 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Smart Building
Buildings are among the largest energy consumers in the world. As new technologies have been developed, great advances have been made in buildings, turning conventional buildings into smart buildings. These smart buildings have allowed for greater supervision and control of the energy resources within the buildings, taking steps to energy management strategies to achieve significant energy savings. The forecast of energy consumption in buildings has been a very important element in these energy strategies since it allows adjusting the operation of buildings so that energy can be used more efficiently.
  • 2.0K
  • 15 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Aquaporins and Female Reproductive System
Aquaporins constitute a group of water channel proteins located in numerous cell types. These are pore-forming transmembrane proteins, which mediate the specific passage of water molecules through membranes. It is well-known that water homeostasis plays a crucial role in different reproductive processes, e.g., oocyte transport, hormonal secretion, completion of successful fertilization, blastocyst formation, pregnancy, and birth. Further, aquaporins are involved in the process of spermatogenesis, and they have been reported to be involved during the storage of spermatozoa. It is noteworthy that aquaporins are relevant for the physiological function of specific parts in the female reproductive system.
  • 2.0K
  • 22 Dec 2020
Topic Review
X-ray Single-Crystal Diffraction
X-ray single-crystal diffraction (XRSCD) is regarded as the most reliable strategy for absolute configuration determination. Differences in the X-ray anomalous scattering effect of each atom are used to determine the absolute configuration of molecules and can provide the precise spatial position of all of the atoms in a compound in the solid state, including how the atoms are connected, the molecular conformation, and accurate bond length and bond angle data. The strength of the anomalous scattering effect is proportional to the electron cloud density of the atom, which is manifested as the stronger anomalous scattering effect of the atom with a larger atomic number.
  • 2.0K
  • 01 Jun 2022
Topic Review
IBM Optical Mark and Character Readers
IBM designed, manufactured and sold optical mark and character readers from 1960 until 1984. The IBM 1287 is notable as being the first commercially sold scanner capable of reading handwritten numbers.
  • 2.0K
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Telomere Structure and Homeostasis
Telomere dynamics play a crucial role in the maintenance of chromosome integrity; changes in telomere length may thus contribute to the development of various diseases including cancer. Understanding the role of telomeric DNA in carcinogenesis and detecting the presence of cell-free telomeric DNA (cf-telDNA) in body fluids offer a potential biomarker for novel cancer screening and diagnostic strategies. Telomeres are protected by specialized nucleoprotein capping structures consisting of DNA and shelterin protein complexes.
  • 2.0K
  • 20 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Pegasus in Popular Culture
The winged, divine horse Pegasus has been a prominent figure in modern popular culture.
  • 2.0K
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Colorado Potato Beetle Control
The Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is one of the most important potato pest worldwide. It is native to U.S. but during the 20th century it has dispersed through Europe, Asia and western China. It continues to expand in an east and southeast direction. Damages are caused by larvae and adults. Their feeding on potato plant leaves can cause complete defoliation and lead to a large yield loss. After the long period of using only chemical control measures, the emergence of resistance increased and some new and different methods come to the fore. The main focus of this entry is on new approaches to the old CPB control problem. We describe the use of Bacillus thuringiensis and RNA interference (RNAi) as possible solutions for the future in CPB management. RNAi has proven successful in controlling many pests and shows great potential for CPB control. Better understanding of the mechanisms that affect efficiency will enable the development of this technology and boost potential of RNAi to become part of integrated plant protection in the future. We described also the possibility of using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as a way to go deeper into our understanding of resistance and how it influences genotypes.
  • 2.0K
  • 20 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Machine Learning-Based Fusion Model
The launch of GRACE satellites has provided a new avenue for studying the terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA) with unprecedented accuracy. However, the coarse spatial resolution greatly limits its application in hydrology researches on local scales. To overcome this limitation, this study develops a machine learning-based fusion model to obtain high-resolution (0.25°) groundwater level anomalies (GWLA) by integrating GRACE observations in the North China Plain. 
  • 2.0K
  • 25 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Mediterranean Coastal Lagoons
Coastal lagoons are shallow bodies of water, close to the sea, generally separated from it by a sandy bar that has produced the closure of an ancient marine gulf. They are mostly the result of the accumulation of sands and gravels of continental origin that are dragged to the coast by a river and whose accumulation is also due to the action of persistent currents. 
  • 2.0K
  • 23 May 2022
Topic Review
Personalization and Games
Personalizing gameful systems to each user is important because personalized interactive systems are more effective than one-size-fits-all approaches. It requires a dynamic adaptation to the user’s behaviors in response to any situation. This approach offers users system-tailored content and services, developing content and functionality for each need based on the user’s characteristics.
  • 2.0K
  • 16 May 2022
Topic Review
Defect Synthesis for Automated Visual Inspection
Defect inspection, which detects defects in real-time and classifies defect types, is one of the key technologies required for smart factory implementation. Defect detection on steel surfaces is an important task to ensure the quality of industrial production. To build an automated visual inspection (AVI) and achieve smartization of steel manufacturing, detecting defects in products in real-time and accurately diagnosing the quality of products are essential elements. 
  • 2.0K
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
ATi Radeon R100 Series
The Radeon R100 is the first generation of Radeon graphics chips from ATI Technologies. The line features 3D acceleration based upon Direct3D 7.0 and OpenGL 1.3, and all but the entry-level versions offloading host geometry calculations to a hardware transform and lighting (T&L) engine, a major improvement in features and performance compared to the preceding Rage design. The processors also include 2D GUI acceleration, video acceleration, and multiple display outputs. "R100" refers to the development codename of the initially released GPU of the generation. It is the basis for a variety of other succeeding products.
  • 2.0K
  • 10 Nov 2022
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