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Topic Review
Integral Bridge System
Integral bridges are a class of bridges with integral or semi-integral abutments, designed without expansion joints in the bridge deck of the superstructure. The significance of an integral bridge design is that it avoids durability and recurring maintenance issues with bridge joints, and maybe bearings, which are prevalent in traditional bridges. Integral bridges are less costly to construct.
  • 2.5K
  • 27 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Pharmacy Technician
A pharmacy technician is a title-protected, licensed health care provider who performs pharmacy-related functions, working collaboratively with a licensed pharmacist.
  • 2.5K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Barrier Grid Animation and Stereography
Barrier-grid animation, also known as a kinegram, and "picket fence" animation, which was originated in the late 1890s and then re-popularized by Rufus Butler Seder's trademarked "Scanimation(r)" books in the early 2,000s, is an animation effect created by moving a striped transparent overlay across an interlaced image. The barrier-grid technique and its history overlap with parallax stereography (also known as "Relièphographie") for 3D autostereograms. The technique has also been used for color-changing pictures, but to a much lesser extent. The development of barrier-grid technologies can also be regarded as a step towards lenticular printing, although the technique has remained after the invention of lenticular technologies as a relatively cheap and simple way to produce animated images in print.
  • 2.5K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Carbon Sequestration
Carbon sequestration or carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is the long-term removal, capture or sequestration of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to slow or reverse atmospheric CO2 pollution and to mitigate or reverse global warming. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is naturally captured from the atmosphere through biological, chemical, and physical processes. These changes can be accelerated through changes in land use and agricultural practices, such as converting crop and livestock grazing land into land for non-crop fast growing plants. Artificial processes have been devised to produce similar effects, including large-scale, artificial capture and sequestration of industrially produced CO2 using subsurface saline aquifers, reservoirs, ocean water, aging oil fields, or other carbon sinks, bio-energy with carbon capture and storage, biochar, ocean fertilization, enhanced weathering, and direct air capture when combined with storage. The likely need for CDR has been publicly expressed by a range of individuals and organizations involved with climate change issues, including IPCC chief Rajendra Pachauri, the UNFCCC executive secretary Christiana Figueres, and the World Watch Institute. Institutions with major programs focusing on CDR include the Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy at the Earth Institute, Columbia University, and the Climate Decision Making Center, an international collaboration operated out of Carnegie-Mellon University's Department of Engineering and Public Policy.
  • 2.5K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Gamma-Linolenic Acid and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
The use of polyunsaturated fatty acids in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and developmental disorders has been gaining interest with preparations containing different dosages and combinations. Gamma-linolenic acid is an ω-6 fatty acid of emerging interest with potential roles as an adjuvant anti-inflammatory agent that could be used with ω-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the treatment of ADHD and associated symptoms.
  • 2.5K
  • 26 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Proprietary Device Driver
A proprietary device driver is a closed-source device driver published only in binary code. In the context of free and open-source software, a closed-source device driver is referred to as a blob or binary blob. The term usually refers to a closed-source kernel module loaded into the kernel of an open-source operating system, and is sometimes also applied to code running outside the kernel, such as system firmware images, microcode updates, or userland programs. The term blob was first used in database management systems to describe a collection of binary data stored as a single entity. When computer hardware vendors provide complete technical documentation for their products, operating system developers are able to write hardware device drivers to be included in the operating system kernels. However, some vendors, such as Nvidia, do not provide complete documentation for some of their products and instead provide binary-only drivers. This practice is most common for accelerated graphics drivers, wireless networking devices, and hardware RAID controllers. Most notably, binary blobs are very uncommon for non-wireless network interface controllers, which can almost always be configured via standard utilities (like ifconfig) out of the box; Theo de Raadt of OpenBSD attributes this to the work done by a single FreeBSD developer.
  • 2.5K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Turritopsis dohrnii
Turritopsis dohrnii, commonly referred to as the "immortal jellyfish," is a small, hydrozoan species of jellyfish known for its unique ability to revert its cells to an earlier stage of development, effectively avoiding death from old age. This process, known as transdifferentiation, allows the jellyfish to bypass senescence, making it a subject of intense interest in the fields of aging, regenerative biology, and marine ecology.
  • 2.5K
  • 11 Jul 2025
Topic Review
Hospital Foodservice to Improve Inpatients' Food Intakes
Reduced food intake among hospitalized patients or inpatients is often associated with adverse health consequences such as malnutrition. To improve patients’ food intake, satisfaction, nutritional status, and quality of life, five intervention strategies were identified: implementing a new food service system, menu modification, multidisciplinary approaches in nutrition care, protected mealtime intervention programs, and attractive meal presentation.
  • 2.5K
  • 22 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Trauma-Related Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors in Adolescence
The adolescent brain is an open window on the environment, which is vulnerable to perturbations and the traumatic experiences occurring before or during this period have an increased saliency in affecting cognitive, emotional, and social levels. During adolescence, trauma-related effects causing significant impairment or suffering could be manifest in internalizing and externalizing behaviors. 
  • 2.5K
  • 29 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Masurian Dialect
The Masurian ethnolect (Masurian: mazurská gádkä; Polish: Mazurski; German: Masurisch), according to some linguists, is a dialect group of the Polish language; others consider Masurian to be a separate language, spoken by the Masurian peoples in northeastern Poland .
  • 2.5K
  • 06 Oct 2022
Topic Review
YTMND
YTMND, an initialism for "You're the Man Now, Dog", is an online community centered on the creation of hosted memetic (or memes) web pages (known within the community as fads, YTMNDs or sites) featuring a juxtaposition of an image (still or short animation) centered or tiled along with optional large zooming text and a looping sound file. Images and sound files used in YTMNDs are usually either created or edited by users. YTMND is generally considered to be a humor website, owing its tone and culture to the original YTMND and its early imitators.
  • 2.5K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Genetic Use Restriction Technology
Genetic use restriction technology (GURT), also known as terminator technology or suicide seeds, is the name given to proposed methods for restricting the use of genetically modified crops by activating (or deactivating) some genes only in response to certain stimuli, especially to cause second generation seeds to be infertile. The development and application of GURTs is primarily an attempt by private sector agricultural breeders to increase the extent of protection on their innovations. The technology was originally developed under a cooperative research and development agreement between the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture and Delta and Pine Land company in the 1990s and is not yet commercially available. GURT was first reported on by the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA) to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity and discussed during the 8th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity in Curitiba, Brazil, March 20–31, 2006.
  • 2.5K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Application of Smart Techniques for Sustainable Crop Production
Smart farming, often known as smart agriculture, is a farming practice that uses sustainable methods to meet the population’s growing food needs while minimizing negative effects. The global community has embraced it and is supporting it. The fundamental tenet of this strategy is to effectively utilize the resources at hand for sustainable output while lowering the expenses of all activities associated with the agricultural industry. Smart agriculture represents the use of technologies such as sensors; the internet of things (IoT), which is a network of computing devices; artificial intelligence; and robotics to assist traditional agriculture and convert it into a smart and sustainable agriculture. 
  • 2.5K
  • 27 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Technologies for Seaweed Polysaccharides Extraction
Algal metabolites possess nutritional properties, but they also exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities, which allow them to be involved in several pharmaceutical applications. Seaweeds have been incorporated since ancient times into diets as a whole food. With the isolation of particular seaweed compounds, it would be possible to develop new types of food with therapeutically properties. Polysaccharides make up the majority of seaweed biomass, which has triggered an increase in interest in using seaweed for commercial purposes, particularly in the production of agar, carrageenan, and alginate. The bio-properties of polysaccharides are strictly dependent to their chemical characteristics and structure, which varies depending on the species, their life cycles, and other biotic and abiotic factors. 
  • 2.5K
  • 06 Sep 2022
Topic Review
AMD Radeon Software Crimson
AMD Radeon Software (formerly named ATI Catalyst and AMD Catalyst) is a device driver and utility software package for Advanced Micro Devices's graphics cards and APUs. It runs on Microsoft Windows and Linux, on 32- and 64-bit x86 processors.
  • 2.5K
  • 07 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Silver Nanowire
Detailed AgNW synthesis methods, including template assisted histrorical improvements and modern wet chemical techniques. A detailed analysis of the various pre- and post-treatment methods used to improve the optoelectronic properties of the fabricated Transparent conducting electrode with future outlooks and challanges for practical applicabilty. 
  • 2.5K
  • 05 May 2021
Biography
Michael James Whale
Michael James Whale (born 13 May 1951), known professionally as James Whale, is an English radio personality, television presenter, podcast host and author. He gained initial prominence in the 1980s as the host of The James Whale Radio Show on Radio Aire in Leeds, which was simulcast on national television. From 1995 to 2008, Whale hosted a night time radio show on talkSPORT, followed by stints
  • 2.5K
  • 15 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Social Media
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder where people experience intrusive thoughts and must practice rituals to relieve their discomfort. More specifically, it would be better to refer to them as obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders characterized by continuous mental or behavioral activity that fills most of the people’s time, with the aim of neutralizing invasive mental content. All these activities are always “ego-dystonic”, that is, they are repugnant or inconsistent with the person’s values.
  • 2.5K
  • 29 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Environmental Niche Modelling
Environmental niche modelling, alternatively known as species distribution modelling, (ecological) niche modelling, predictive habitat distribution modelling, and climate envelope modelling refers to the process of using computer algorithms to predict the distribution of species in geographic space on the basis of a mathematical representation of their known distribution in environmental space (= realized ecological niche). The environment is in most cases represented by climate data (such as temperature, and precipitation), but other variables such as soil type, water depth, and land cover can also be used. These models allow for interpolating between a limited number of species occurrence and they are used in several research areas in conservation biology, ecology and evolution. The extent to which such modelled data reflect real-world species distributions will depend on a number of factors, including the nature, complexity, and accuracy of the models used and the quality of the available environmental data layers; the availability of sufficient and reliable species distribution data as model input; and the influence of various factors such as barriers to dispersal, geologic history, or biotic interactions, that increase the difference between the realized niche and the fundamental niche. Environmental niche modelling may be considered a part of the discipline of biodiversity informatics.
  • 2.5K
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
CELTA
CELTA (Certificate in English Language Teaching to Adults) is an initial teacher training qualification for teaching English as a second or foreign language (ESL and EFL). It is provided by Cambridge Assessment English through authorised Cambridge English Teaching Qualification centres and can be taken either full-time or part-time. CELTA was developed to be suitable both for those interested in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) and for Teaching English to the Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL). CELTA is designed for candidates with little or no previous English language teaching (ELT) experience. It is also taken by candidates with some teaching experience who have received little practical teacher training or who wish to gain internationally recognised qualification. Candidates should have English language skills equivalent to at least C1 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) or an IELTS score of 7. CELTA gives equal emphasis to theory and practice. The strong practical element demonstrates to employers that successful candidates have the skills to succeed in the classroom. Courses can be taken full-time or part-time and either fully face-to-face or in a blended format that combines on-line self-study with practical teaching experience. A full-time, face-to-face course typically lasts between four and five weeks. CELTA is a continuous assessment course (i.e. participants are assessed throughout the course) leading to a certificate qualification. Candidates who successfully complete the course can start working in a variety of English language teaching contexts around the world. CELTA is regulated at Level 5 of the Qualifications and Credit Framework for England, Wales and N. Ireland and is suitable for teachers at Foundation and Developing level on the Cambridge English Teaching Framework.
  • 2.5K
  • 03 Nov 2022
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