Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Ventilation Systems in Wetland Plant Species
Ventilation systems rely on a passive molecular diffusion process, on pressurized gas flow, or Venturi-induced convection. 
  • 920
  • 06 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Responses to Drought Stress in Poplar
Prompted by the publication of the complete genome sequence of Populus trichocarpa in 2006 and taking advantage from a set of modern genomic and phenotyping tools, research studies are shedding light on the molecular mechanisms underlying poplar responses to drought stress. Exciting information is accumulating on tree-specific processes including embolism formation and repair, the impact of drought stress on woody biomass yield and quality, and the long-term effects of drought events. This mounting knowledge can be exploited to select more tolerant genotypes and can be translated to other tree species, improving our understanding of forest dynamics under rapidly changing environmental conditions.
  • 918
  • 06 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Eysenhardtia genus
The participation of natural products in health care has been remarkable, and today they continue to play a key role in the discovery and development of new treatments. Phytochemical studies together with pharmacological tests have managed to integrate bioactive agents as an alternative solution to reduce or regulate the problems caused by diseases. The Eysenhardtia genus is a family of plants that are rich in secondary metabolites, which have shown potential activity in the control and mitigation of urinary disorders, diabetes, oxidative stress, protein glycosylation, microbial infections, inflammation, pain or discomfort, muscle contractions, cytotoxicity, or as a cellular or neuronal signaling modulator. These conditions generally appear in comorbid diseases, which motivated the bibliographic review associated with the plant. This document presents the beneficial actions produced by Eysenhardtia extracts and/or bioactives to inhibit, control, or reduce the complications or discomfort of degenerative diseases and thus generate new therapeutic alternatives.
  • 917
  • 08 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Rosemary-Derived Drugs and Bioactive Compounds: A Patent Review
Medicinal plants are widely employed in the treatment of human and animal diseases all over the world. Based on their ethnopharmacological uses and applications, the majority of medications are developed from isolated compounds of medicinal plants. Rosemary, one of these medicinal plants, is utilized in medicine due to its analgesic and antibacterial properties. Additionally, it serves as an antioxidant, carminative, and analgesic for muscles and joints, and is employed for the treatment of minor wounds, rashes, headaches, and circulation problems. Furthermore, an ethanolic extract of rosemary has been shown to have antidiabetic activity. Regarding other health pathologies, rosemary has revealed its protective action against types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
  • 917
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Wheat Plants
Wheat represents one of the most important staple food crops worldwide and its genetic improvement is fundamental to meeting the global demand of the growing population. Genetic engineering strategies such as transgenesis and genome editing have then provided the opportunity to improve environmental tolerance traits of agronomic importance in cultivated species. Many of the obtained transgenic wheat lines carried better tolerance to environmental cues. Examples of the most relevant transgenic approaches aimed at improving the tolerance of wheat to drought, salinity and extreme temperatures are reported.
  • 916
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Autophagy-Mediated Regulation of Different Meristems in Plants
Autophagy is a highly conserved cell degradation process that widely exists in eukaryotic cells. In plants, autophagy helps maintain cellular homeostasis by degrading and recovering intracellular substances through strict regulatory pathways, thus helping plants respond to a variety of developmental and environmental signals. Autophagy is involved in plant growth and development, including leaf starch degradation, senescence, anthers development, regulation of lipid metabolism, and maintenance of peroxisome mass.
  • 913
  • 10 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Application of Copper-Based Antimicrobial Compounds
Copper-based antimicrobial compounds (CBACs) can control a wide range of plant diseases, such as grape downy mildew, citrus black spot, fire blight of pome fruits, walnut blight, potato late blight, stone fruit canker, coffee berry disease, olive leaf spot, and powdery mildew of many other crops. At present, not considering metal contaminants, CBACs are still at the forefront as the main pesticides sold in Europe.
  • 909
  • 04 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Frost Tolerance in Triticeae
Two major loci determining the resulting frost tolerance were identified on the long arm of group 5 chromosomes including Vrn1/Fr1 locus encoding the major vernalisation gene VRN1 induced by vernalisation fulfilment and Fr2 locus encoding a cluster of cold-inducible CBF transcription regulators upstream of COR/LEA genes.
  • 908
  • 13 May 2021
Topic Review
Phytohormones in Resistance to Watermelon Fusarium Wilt
Fusarium wilt disease is one of the major diseases causing a decline in watermelon yield and quality. Researches have informed that phytohormones play essential roles in regulating plants growth, development, and stress defendants. However, the molecular mechanism of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and abscisic acid (ABA) in resistance to watermelon Fusarium wilt remains unknown. In this experiment, we established the SA, JA, and ABA determination system in watermelon roots, and analyzed their roles in against watermelon Fusarium wilt compared to the resistant and susceptible varieties using transcriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR. Our results revealed that the up-regulated expression of Cla97C09G174770, Cla97C05G089520, Cla97C05G081210, Cla97C04G071000, and Cla97C10G198890 genes in resistant variety were key factors against (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum) FON infection at 7 dpi. Additionally, there might be crosstalk between SA, JA, and ABA, caused by those differentially expressed (non-pathogen-related) NPRs, (Jasmonate-resistant) JAR, and (Pyrabactin resistance 1-like) PYLs genes, to trigger the plant immune system against FON infection. Overall, our results provide a theoretical basis for watermelon resistance breeding, in which phytohormones participate.
  • 907
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Sprouts and Microgreens
Sprouts and microgreens can be produced quickly, easily, and cost-effectively due to simple requirements for equipment and supplies, and a rapid developmental process varying from a few days (sprouts) to approximately two weeks (microgreens). This, in turn, suggests a unique opportunity for industrial scalability coupled with the prospect for consumers to independently access food with proven or purported nutritional benefits. Sprouts and microgreens have attracted tremendous interest across multiple disciplines in recent years. 
  • 905
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
TERT Gene in Polyploid Plants
The gene coding for the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is essential for the maintenance of telomeres. Previously we described the presence of three TERT paralogs in the allotetraploid plant Nicotiana tabacum, while a single TERT copy was identified in the paleopolyploid model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we examine the presence, origin and functional status of TERT variants in allotetraploid Nicotiana species of diverse evolutionary ages and their parental genome donors, as well as in other diploid and polyploid plant species. A combination of experimental and in silico bottom-up analyses of TERT gene copies in Nicotiana polyploids revealed various patterns of retention or loss of parental TERT variants and divergence in their functions. RT–qPCR results confirmed the expression of all the identified TERT variants. In representative plant and green algal genomes, our synteny analyses show that their TERT genes were located in a conserved locus that became advantageous after the divergence of eudicots, and the gene was later translocated in several plant groups. In various diploid and polyploid species, translocation of TERT became fixed in target loci that show ancient synapomorphy.
  • 903
  • 03 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Exertion of Environmental DNA in Terrestrial Ecosystems
The dearth of cardinal data on species presence, dispersion, abundance, and habitat prerequisites, besides the threats impeded by escalating human pressure has enormously affected biodiversity conservation. The innovative concept of eDNA, has been introduced as a way of overcoming many of the difficulties of rigorous conventional investigations, and is hence becoming a prominent and novel method for assessing biodiversity. The demand for eDNA in ecology and conservation has expanded exceedingly, despite the lack of coordinated development in appreciation of its strengths and limitations. Therefore it is pertinent and indispensable to evaluate the extent and significance of eDNA-based investigations in terrestrial habitats and to classify and recognize the critical considerations that need to be accounted before using such an approach. 
  • 903
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Pandanus amaryllifolius in Response to Drought Stress
Drought is one of the significant threats to the agricultural sector. However, there is limited knowledge on plant response to drought stress and post-drought recovery. Pandanus amaryllifolius, a moderate drought-tolerant plant, is well-known for its ability to survive in low-level soil moisture conditions. Understanding the molecular regulation of drought stress signaling in this plant could help guide the rational design of crop plants to counter this environmental challenge. 
  • 902
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Phytic Acid and Transporters
Phytic acid has two main roles in plant tissues: storage of phosphorus and regulation of different cellular processes. From a nutritional point of view, it is considered an antinutritional compound because, being a cation chelator, its presence reduces mineral bioavailability from the diet. In recent decades, the development of low phytic acid (lpa) mutants has been an important goal for nutritional seed quality improvement, mainly in cereals and legumes. Different lpa mutations affect phytic acid biosynthetic genes. However, other lpa mutations isolated so far, affect genes coding for three classes of transporters: a specific group of ABCC type vacuolar transporters, putative sulfate transporters, and phosphate transporters. 
  • 901
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Improvement of Cd Stress Tolerance in Ramie Crop
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential, highly phytotoxic metal and damages ramie plant growth and development even at low concentrations. Ramie is one of the most significant crops in China, with excellent fiber quality and immense industrial importance. Planting Cd-tolerant ramie cultivars can prevent yield loss on contaminated soil. Previously, significant efforts have been made to develop Cd tolerance in ramie.
  • 899
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Grapevine Transcriptomic Responses
Biocontrol of a pioneer fungus of esca, a frequent grapevine trunk disease, was investigated by deciphering the tripartite interaction between this trunk-esca pathogen (Phaeomoniella chlamydospora), grapevine and the biocontrol-oomycete, Pythium oligandrum. Grapevine-defense was enhanced in response to P. chlamydospora attacks, with P. oligandrum acting as a plant-systemic resistance inducer, promoting jasmonic/ethylene signaling pathways and grapevine priming. P. chlamydospora pathogenicity genes, such as those related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis, carbohydrate-active enzymes and transcription regulators, were also affected in their expression. Shifts in grapevine responses and key-fungal functions were associated with the reduction of P. chlamydospora wood necroses. This study provides evidence of grapevine-wood fungal pathogen transcriptional changes induced by a root biocontrol agent, P. oligandrum, in which there is no contact between the two microorganisms.
  • 898
  • 29 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Applications of Nanosensor Technology for the Plant Sciences
The detection of analytes is optically difficult in planta due to tissue thickness and the presence of photosynthetic pigments in plant tissues. Nanosensors are well-suited for the detection of analytes as they are easily embedded in plant tissues. They are thus well-suited for in vivo studies of cellular signalling and metabolism.
  • 898
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Polyphenols and Side Effects Induced by Anti-Tumor Drugs
Cancer is one of the most widespread diseases globally and one of the leading causes of death. Known cancer treatments are chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, targeted hormonal therapy, or a combination of these methods. Antitumor drugs, with different mechanisms, interfere with cancer growth by destroying cancer cells. However, anticancer drugs are dangerous, as they significantly affect both cancer cells and healthy cells. In addition, there may be the onset of systemic side effects perceived and mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and further carcinogenicity. Many polyphenolic extracts, taken on top of common anti-tumor drugs, can participate in the anti-proliferative effect of drugs and significantly reduce the side effects developed. 
  • 897
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
The Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic N-Terminal Acetyltransferases Machinery
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic N-terminal acetyltransferases (Nats) belong to the general control non-repressible 5 (GCN5)-related N-acetyltransferases (GNAT) superfamily which counts thousands of members in all three domains of life. 
  • 895
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Non-Coding RNAs and Plant Antiviral-Defense
RNA technologies provide us not only with new sources of resistance but also with powerful tools to manage plant defense responses. With regards to antiviral resistance, RNAi-based approaches have long been used in the form of transgene-induced RNA silencing to target the degradation of diverse viral RNAs or to inactivate virus susceptibility genes in various crops.
  • 894
  • 22 Feb 2021
  • Page
  • of
  • 52
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback