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Topic Review
Waste Tires
Waste or Scrap tires, also known as End-of-Life Tires (ELT), are used rubber tires that because of their abrasion state ("tire wear") are not safe for public traffic. Waste tires can go into tire recycling or will be dumped, either in legal landfills or illegally; another portion may be pyrolysed to produce tire-derived fuel or heat energy.
  • 2.9K
  • 09 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Abnormal Operating Conditions of Oil-Immersed Large Power Transformers
Large power transformers (LPT) are custom-built pieces of equipment that are crucial links to the bulk transmission grid. Usually, they link a generator-transmission line and/or linking lines of different voltages. It is essential for large power transformers to understand which condition of their components indicates an abnormal operation.
  • 2.9K
  • 12 Jul 2022
Topic Review
GLP-1R Signaling
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a critical therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The GLP-1R cellular signaling mechanism relevant to insulin secretion and blood glucose regulation has been extensively studied. Numerous drugs targeting GLP-1R have entered clinical treatment. Novel functional molecules with reduced side effects and enhanced therapeutic efficacy are still in high demand. 
  • 2.9K
  • 06 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Robotic Psychology
Although the contribution that social robots have made to healthcare is recognized, much less attention has been given to the role that social robots can play in a specific healthcare application domain, namely psychology-based interventions. Robotic psychology, or robopsychology, is a research field not yet fully exploited in regards to the study of compatibility between people and robotic creatures on multiple levels (i.e., sensory–motor, emotional, cognitive, and social). The proper use of social robots in the psychological field would exploit their potential even more, since relationality is a fundamental aspect for any intervention aimed at affecting people’s psychological dimensions.
  • 2.8K
  • 05 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Firo (Cryptocurrency)
Firo, formerly known as Zcoin, is a cryptocurrency aimed at using cryptography to provide better privacy for its users compared to other cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin.
  • 2.8K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Telemental Health and Diverse Populations amid COVID-19
Telemental health is defined as the delivery of psychological and mental health services via telecommunication technologies, including telephone-delivered therapy, videoconferencing, and internet-delivered programs. Research indicates that telemental health services are as effective as in-person services, and a dramatic increase in the use of telemental health has been observed during COVID-19. However, there are still persistent challenges and concerns about mental health providers’ competencies, clients’ data privacy, and legal and regulatory issues during this pandemic. Additionally, disparities in the use of telemental health services with diverse populations, based on factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, language, and culture, have been identified during this pandemic.
  • 2.8K
  • 29 Mar 2023
Topic Review
ZIP Code Differences Across the World Explained
Overall, postal codes are more than just a series of letters and numbers. They are a vital part of the global postal system. They make it possible for mail to travel across cities, countries, and continents. The differences in postal codes around the world reflect the unique geography, population density, and organizational needs of each country. By understanding these differences, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the complexity of the global postal system and the role postal codes play in keeping it running smoothly.
  • 2.8K
  • 31 Oct 2024
Topic Review
Mixture Designs of Experiments
The experimental designs for mixtures are a subclass of experimental designs useful for studying the effects of ingredients/components in formulations. 
  • 2.8K
  • 04 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Micronutrient Effects on Testosterone Concentrations
This entry discusses the role of both micro and macronutrients on endogenous testosterone production
  • 2.8K
  • 02 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Mānuka Oil
Mānuka oil is an essential oil derived from Leptospermum scoparium, a plant that has been used by the indigenous populations of New Zealand and Australia for centuries. Both the extracted oil and its individual components have been associated with various medicinal properties. This entry aimed to collate available evidence on the antimicrobial, anti-parasitic and anti-inflammatory activities of mānuka oil and its components. Given the rise in resistance to conventional antibiotics, natural products have been targeted for the development of antimicrobials with novel mechanism of action. The present entry found extensive in vitro data supporting the antimicrobial effects of mānuka oil warrants further clinical studies to establish its therapeutic potential. Clinical evidence on its efficacy, safety and dosing guidelines are necessary for its implementation for medical purposes. Further work on regulation, standardization and characterization of the medicinal properties of mānuka oil is required for establishing consistent efficacy of the product.
  • 2.8K
  • 04 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Autism and LGBT Identities
Although it is not known exactly what causes one to be on the autism spectrum or what causes one's sexual orientation or gender identity, a few limited studies into autistic people have shown higher rates of LGBT identities and feelings among autistic people than the general population.
  • 2.8K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading
Peer-to-peer energy trading (P2P-ET) provides an online marketplace where direct energy exchange can occur between its participants, namely, prosumers and consumers. P2P-ET offers techno-economical benefits to its participants and brings savings to them.
  • 2.8K
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
BCI Emotion Recognition
This entry gives an overview of available datasets, emotion elicitation methods, feature extraction and selection, classification algorithms, and performance evaluation for emotion recognition using EEG-based BCI systems.
  • 2.8K
  • 10 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Pseudoplatystoma Catfishes in the Neotropics
Species of the genus Pseudoplatystoma, the long-whiskered catfishes, are important in commercial and recreational fisheries in South America, and some species have become key to regional aquaculture. Some species of the genus are under pressure due to overfishing and the negative impacts of dams. 
  • 2.8K
  • 14 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Photoprotection of Vanilla Orchid
Vanilla orchid is a shade-loving plant that is very sensitive to high radiation. We found that blue light treatment can induce photoacclimation and enhances vanilla orchid acquired photoprotection. Blue light induces chloroplast avoidance, increases antioxidant enzyme activities, and enhances photosynthesis rate when vanilla orchid is exposed to high light stress. This study found that acclimating vanilla orchid with blue light before transplantation to the field might eliminate photoinhibition and enhance vanilla growth and production. 
  • 2.8K
  • 11 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Proteins/Enzymes from Animal Sources
Animal proteins are good sources of protein for human, due to the composition of necessary amino acids. The quality of food depends significantly on the properties of protein inside, especially the gelation, transportation, and antimicrobial properties. Interestingly, various kinds of molecules co-exist with proteins in foodstuff, and the interactions between these can significantly affect the food quality.
  • 2.8K
  • 29 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Whey Proteins
Whey proteins have implications in different fields related to human life quality. The aim of this overview was to present the basic chemistry of β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, and lactotransferrin - main proteins of bovine whey. 
  • 2.8K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Biography
Carol Gilligan
Carol Gilligan (/ˈɡɪlɪɡən/; born November 28, 1936) is an American feminist, ethicist, and psychologist best known for her work on ethical community and ethical relationships. Gilligan is a professor of Humanities and Applied Psychology at New York University and was a visiting professor at the Centre for Gender Studies and Jesus College at the University of Cambridge until 2009. She is k
  • 2.8K
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
The Seed and the Metabolism Regulation
Seeds are the reproductive units of higher plants. They have a significant place in agriculture and plant diversity maintenance. Because they are dehydrated, they can remain viable in the environment for centuries. The dry seed is a metabolically inactive organism, but well organized to protect its components and enter intensive repair to restore metabolic activities upon imbibition for the completion of germination. 
  • 2.8K
  • 28 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Integrated Microfluidic-Based Platforms
Integrated microfluidic platforms (IMPs) refer to diagnostic or analytic platforms that utilize, in part, a microfluidic-based system to facilitate the combination of several different steps of medical diagnoses toward full or partial automation. The integration of microfluidics in novel diagnostic technologies takes advantage of micrometric-scale fluids behaving very differently than fluids at volumes seen in our everyday lives. The two main types of currently existing microfluidic systems are continuous-flow and droplet-based systems that can both be further classified based on their respective materials and detection methods.
  • 2.8K
  • 24 Sep 2021
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