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Topic Review
Nanoparticles prevent arbovirus infection
Nanomedicine is a new and emerging research subject that aims to use nanotechnology with the pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences. The use of nanoparticles to develop new vaccines, diagnostic tests, and treatments for infectious diseases is a new alternative to solve important problems in some diseases caused by viruses. Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are a significant public health problem worldwide. Nanoparticles have been widely explored as new vaccine platforms, and vaccination is considered one of the most effective ways to control arbovirus diseases in the human population.  
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Basonym Lactobacillus plantarum) is a good candidate for developing oral vaccines because it survives gastrointestinal conditions transiently colonizing the intestinal tract, it beneficially modulates the mucosal immune responses not only locally (intestinal mucosa) but in distant mucosal sites as well (respiratory mucosa) and there are molecular techniques available for the manipulation of its genome.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Sustainable Management by Rhizobacteria
Rhizobacteria are bacteria from diverse taxonomic genera, which are living in the rhizosphere of plants. Among the rhizobacterial bulk, several genera of bacteria have been proven for plant growth promotion are termed as ‘beneficial rhizobacteria’. There are various modes of action for plant growth promotion through the adoption of beneficial rhizobacteria. The beneficial bacteria also enhance tolerance in plants to various biotic and abiotic stresses caused by the global climate change.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Aegerolysins
Aegerolysins are remarkable proteins. They are distributed over the tree of life, being relatively widespread in fungi and bacteria, but also present in some insects, plants, protozoa, and viruses. Their function, in particular, is intriguing. Aegerolysin proteins are involved in various interactions by recognizing a molecular receptor in the target organism. Despite their abundance in cells of certain developmental stages and their presence in secretomes, only a few aegerolysins have been studied in detail. Formation of pores with various larger non-aegerolysin-like protein partners is one of the possible responses of the aegerolysin-producing organism in competitive exclusion of other organisms from the ecological niche.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Protein-protein Interactions
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are involved in all aspects of cellular functions. The identification and characterisation of PPIs are essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate biological systems and for guiding drug design programs. PPIs can modify the kinetic properties of enzymes, form new binding sites, control the localisation, and change the specificity, among others. The spatial arrangement of protein complexes is determined by the composition of the amino acid of the proteins involved, their concentration, and the free energy of the complex. 
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Bacterial Membrane Vesicles as Smart Drug Delivery Systems
Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are known to be critical communication tools in several pathophysiological processes between bacteria and host cells. Given this situation, BMVs for transporting and delivering exogenous therapeutic cargoes have been inspiring as promising platforms for developing smart drug delivery systems (SDDSs).
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) is a growing global health threat, leading to the search for alternative strategies to combat bacterial infections. Phytochemicals, which are naturally occurring compounds found in plants, have shown potential as antimicrobial agents. The use of nanotechnology combined with antibacterial phytochemicals could help achieve greater antibacterial capacity against ARB by providing improved mechanical, physicochemical, biopharmaceutical, bioavailability, morphological or release properties.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Valuable Biochemicals from Red Microalgae
Red microalgae represent a natural reservoir of beneficial substances with applications in different industrial sectors. They are rich in natural biomolecules known for their antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and anticoagulant activities. Many red microalgae are a source of vitamins, minerals, photochemicals, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a wide spectrum of polysaccharides. The content of their valuable compounds and their activities have turned red microalgae into cellular factories of special interest in food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. 
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Engineering of GH11 Xylanases for Optimal pH Shifting
Endo-1,4-β-xylanases belonging to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) 11 family hydrolyze the β-1,4-glycosidic linkages in the xylan backbone to convert polymeric xylan into xylooligosaccharides. GH11 xylanases play an essential role in sugar metabolism and are one of the most widely used enzymes in various industries, such as pulp and paper, food and feed, biorefinery, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. pH is a crucial factor influencing the biochemical properties of GH11 xylanase and its application in bioprocessing. For the optimal pH shifting of GH11 xylanase in industrial applications, various protein engineering studies using directed evolution, rational engineering, and in silico approaches have been adopted. 
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Alveolar Regeneration in COVID-19 Patients: Network Perspective
Lung alveolar regeneration to repair the damaged tissue and restoration of normal tissue function could be achieved by transplantation of progenitor or stem cells and exosome-mediated delivery of therapeutic agents, including miRNAs. Not only as a biomarker of COVID-19but also as therapeutic agents, miRNAs have proven to play a crucial role in lung damage and repair. miRNAs can either be regulated locally in the lungsor transported to the damaged site by extracellular vehicles (EVs) secreted by stem cells to induce tissue regeneration by decreasing inflammation and apoptosis, stimulating surfactant production, regulating gene expression of junction proteins to repair microvascular permeability, and reducing fibrosis.
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Fungal Melanin
Synthetic dyes are generally unsafe for human health or the environment, leading to the continuous search and growing demand for natural pigments that are considered safer, biodegrade more easily, and are environmentally beneficial. Among microorganisms, fungi represent an emerging source of pigments due to their many benefits; therefore, they are readily viable on an industrial scale. Among all the bioactive pigments produced by fungi, melanin is an enigmatic, multifunctional pigment that has been studied for more than 150 years. This dark pigment, which is produced via the oxidative polymerization of phenolic compounds, has been investigated for its potential to protect life from all kingdoms, including fungi, from biotic and abiotic stresses.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Heavy Metal Stress Signalling
The mining of heavy metals from the environment leads to an increase in soil pollution, leading to the uptake of heavy metals into plant tissue. The build-up of toxic metals in plant cells often leads to cellular damage and senescence. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to produce plants with improved tolerance to heavy metals for food security, as well as to limit heavy metal uptake for improved food safety purposes.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Cell-Free Protein Synthesis of Unspecific Peroxygenases
Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs, EC 1.11.2.1) are fungal biocatalysts that have attracted considerable interest for application in chemical syntheses due to their ability to selectively incorporate peroxide-oxygen into non-activated hydrocarbons. However, the number of available and characterized UPOs is limited, as it is difficult to produce these enzymes in homologous or hetero-logous expression systems.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Antimicrobial Peptide
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), or host defence peptides, are short proteins in various life forms. AMPs may become a promising substitute or adjuvant in pharmaceutical, biomedical, and cosmeceutical uses. Their pharmacological potential has been investigated intensively, especially as antibacterial and antifungal drugs and as promising antiviral and anticancer agents. AMPs exhibit many properties, and some of these have attracted the attention of the cosmetic industry. AMPs are being developed as novel antibiotics to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens and as potential treatments for various diseases, including cancer, inflammatory disorders, and viral infections. In biomedicine, AMPs are being developed as wound-healing agents because they promote cell growth and tissue repair. The immunomodulatory effects of AMPs could be helpful in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. 
  • 1.1K
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
Microbial Conjugation Studies of Licochalcones&Xanthohumol
Microbial conjugation studies of licochalcones (1–4) and xanthohumol (5) were performed by using the fungi Mucor hiemalis and Absidia coerulea. As a result, one new glucosylated metabolite was produced by M. hiemalis whereas four new and three known sulfated metabolites were obtained by transformation with A. coerulea. Chemical structures of all the metabolites were elucidated on the basis of 1D-, 2D-NMR and mass spectroscopic data analyses. These results could contribute to a better understanding of the metabolic fates of licochalcones and xanthohumol in mammalian systems. Although licochalcone A 4′-sulfate (7) showed less cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines compared to its substrate licochalcone A, its activity was fairly retained with the IC50 values in the range of 27.35–43.07 μM.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Diploid Progenitor Lung Cell Applications
Recent research and development efforts around diploid progenitor lung cells (e.g., FE002-Lu or Walvax-2 sources) consist in qualification for potential use as optimal and renewed vaccine production substrates and, alternatively, for potential therapeutic applications in respiratory tract regenerative medicine. Potentially effective, safe, and sustainable cell therapy approaches for the management of inflammatory lung diseases or affections and related symptoms (e.g., COVID-19 patients and burn patient severe inhalation syndrome) using local homologous allogeneic cell-based or cell-derived product administrations are considered. 
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Applications of Bio-Pigments Synthesized by Marine Bacteria
Marine bacterial species contribute to a significant part of the oceanic population, which substantially produces biologically effectual moieties having various medical and industrial applications. The use of marine-derived bacterial pigments displays a snowballing effect, being natural, environmentally safe, and health beneficial compounds. Marine-derived bacterial pigments serve as valuable products in the food, pharmaceutical, textile, and cosmetic industries due to their beneficial attributes, including anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities. Biodegradability and higher environmental compatibility further strengthen the use of marine bio-pigments over artificially acquired colored molecules. Besides that, hazardous effects associated with the consumption of synthetic colors further substantiated the use of marine dyes as color additives in industries as well. 
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents and Microalgae Growth
Municipal wastewater (MWW) provides a promising platform for microalgae cultivation due to its rich content of essential nutrients. Research has showcased the multifaceted benefits of microalgae-based wastewater treatment, from the potent depollution capabilities of these organisms to their biomass potential for ecofriendly applications. A significant advantage lies in the ability of these systems to promote environmental sustainability without producing secondary pollutants, aligning with the circular economy model. 
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles Based Sensor
The development of a sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for the detection of trace levels of cocaine is described in this paper. NanoMIPs for cocaine detection, synthesized using a solid phase, were applied as the sensing element. The nanoMIPs were first characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering and found to be ~148.35 ± 24.69 nm in size, using TEM. The nanoMIPs were then covalently attached to gold screen-printed electrodes and a cocaine direct binding assay was developed and optimized, using EIS as the sensing principle. EIS was recorded at a potential of 0.12 V over the frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 50 kHz, with a modulation voltage of 10 mV. The nanoMIPs sensor was able to detect cocaine in a linear range between 100 pg mL-1 and 50 ng mL-1 (R2 = 0.984; p-value = 0.00001) and with a limit of detection of 0.24 ng mL-1 (0.70 nM). The sensor showed no cross-reactivity toward morphine and a negligible response toward levamisole after optimizing the sensor surface blocking and assay conditions. The developed sensor has the potential to offer a highly sensitive, portable and cost-effective method forcocaine detection.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Fish Vaccines
Vaccination studies in aquaculture systems are strategically associated with the economically and environmentally sustainable management of aquaculture production worldwide. Historically, most licensed fish vaccines have been developed as inactivated pathogens combined with adjuvants and provided via immersion or injection. In comparison, live vaccines can simulate a whole pathogenic illness and elicit a strong immune response, making them better suited for oral or immersion-based therapy methods to control diseases. Advanced approaches in vaccine development involve targeting specific pathogenic components, including the use of recombinant genes and proteins. Vaccines produced using these techniques, some of which are currently commercially available, appear to elicit and promote higher levels of immunity than conventional fish vaccines. These technological advancements are promising for developing sustainable production processes for commercially important aquatic species.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Apr 2023
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