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Topic Review
Efficiency of Industrial Based on Network DEA Method
There are two main methods to study the efficiency of industrial sectors. The first is parametric method represented by stochastic frontier method (SFA). The other is the more widely used non-parametric method represented by data envelopment analysis (DEA), which makes up for the shortcomings of the SFA method. It does not need to specify a certain functional relationship between input and output. The operation process of the Chinese provincial industrial system consists of four stages, namely the production (P) stage, wastewater treatment (WWT) stage, solid waste treatment (SWT) stage, and sulfur dioxide treatment (SDT) stage. Based on this structure, a four-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model is developed to evaluate the eco-efficiency, production efficiency, wastewater treatment efficiency, solid waste treatment efficiency, and sulfur dioxide treatment efficiency of provincial industrial systems in China, considering the undesirable output and variable returns to scale (VRS). 
  • 890
  • 24 May 2022
Topic Review
Homothetic Behavior of Betweenness Centralities
       In mathematics, a homothetic behavior is characterized by a transformation of an affine space by a factor λ and results in an invariance of this space form or configuration, albeit its overall scale changes. In this sense, if two objects or parts of those objects have distinct sizes, but conserve the same appearance, they can be considered homothetic. In networks, the occurrence of homothetic behaviors would imply that a section of the network, when modelled independently, ought to retain a certain regularity in their distribution of centrality hierarchies (visual similitude) when compared to a larger section, independently modelled as well, that contains it. Hence, the smaller network maintains its overall proportions (configuration, hierarchies and values) across scales. This visual similitude was perceived while apposing several Normalized Angular Choice (NACH) models, a Space Syntax’ derivative from mathematical betweenness. Network homotheties, due to their invariability in form and value, can be used as an alternative to extensive network generalization for the construction of large spatial networks. Hence, data maps can be constructed sooner and more accurately as “pieces of a puzzle”, since each individual lesser scale graph possesses a faster processing time.
  • 830
  • 21 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Global Financial Crisis Impact on SA Car Sales
In both developed and developing nations, with South Africa (SA) being one of the latter, the motor vehicle industry is one of the most important sectors. The SA automobile industry was not unaffected by the 2007/2008 global financial crisis (GFC).
  • 806
  • 16 May 2023
Topic Review
Chatbot-Based Natural Language Interfaces for Data Visualisation
Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR), particularly for advanced visualisations, expanding guidance strategies beyond current limitations, adopting intelligent visual mapping techniques, and incorporating more sophisticated interaction methods. 
  • 702
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Requirements of Compression in Key-Value Stores
A key–value store is a de facto standard database for unstructured big data. Key–value stores, such as Google’s LevelDB and Meta’s RocksDB, have emerged as a popular solution for managing unstructured data due to their ability to handle diverse data types with a simple key–value abstraction. Simultaneously, a multitude of data management tools have actively adopted compression techniques, such as Snappy and Zstd, to effectively reduce data volume.
  • 690
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Machine Learning for Hydropower Generation
Hydropower is the most prevalent source of renewable energy production worldwide. As the global demand for robust and ecologically sustainable energy production increases, developing and enhancing the current energy production processes is essential. In the past decade, machine learning has contributed significantly to various fields, and hydropower is no exception. All three horizons of hydropower models could benefit from machine learning: short-term, medium-term, and long-term. Dynamic programming is used in the majority of hydropower scheduling models.
  • 667
  • 27 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Non-Malleable Codes
The notion of non-malleable codes was introduced in 2010 by Dziembowski, Pietrzak, and Wichs, for relaxing the notion of error-correction and error-detection. Informally, a code is non-malleable if the message contained in a modified code-word is either the original message, or a completely unrelated value. Non-malleable codes provide a useful and meaningful security guarantee in situations where traditional error-correction and error-detection is impossible; for example, when the attacker can completely overwrite the encoded message. Although such codes do not exist if the family of "tampering functions" F is completely unrestricted, they are known to exist for many broad tampering families F.
  • 656
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Resampling under Complex Sampling Designs
In principle, survey data are an ideal context to apply resampling methods to approximate the (unknown) sampling distribution of statistics, due to both a usually large sample size and data of controlled quality. However, survey data cannot be generally assumed independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) so that any resampling methodologies to be used in sampling from finite populations must be adapted to account for the sample design effect. A principled appraisal is given and discussed here.
  • 556
  • 31 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Multi-View Stereo Method
As a 3D reconstruction method, multi-view stereoscopic (MVS) plays a vital role in 3D computer vision, and has a wide range of applications in the fields of virtual reality, augmented reality, and autonomous driving. With the rapid development of deep learning technology in the field of computer vision, the learning-based multi-view stereo method has produced advanced results.
  • 496
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Chaotic Intermittency
Chaotic intermittency is characterized by a signal that alternates aleatory between long regular (pseudo-laminar) phases and irregular bursts (pseudo-turbulent or chaotic phases).
  • 491
  • 16 Jun 2023
Topic Review
3D Estimation Using an Omni-Camera and a Spherical-Mirror
There is a novel approach for estimating the 3D information of an observed scene utilizing a monocular image based on a catadioptric imaging system employing an omnidirectional camera and a spherical mirror. Researchers aim to develop a method that is independent of learning and makes it possible to capture a wide range of 3D information using a compact device.
  • 468
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Generating Primes
In computational number theory, a variety of algorithms make it possible to generate prime numbers efficiently. These are used in various applications, for example hashing, public-key cryptography, and search of prime factors in large numbers. For relatively small numbers, it is possible to just apply trial division to each successive odd number. Prime sieves are almost always faster.
  • 465
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Mathematical Background of 5D model of the aorta
Visualization is crucial for the display and understanding of medical image data. For diagnostic and surgical planning, radiologists and surgeons must be able to evaluate the data appropriately. Many imaging systems’ data can incorporate both functional and structural information, resulting in 4D datasets. When the image contains spectral information, it can be extended to 5D in some circumstances. Overall, 5D imaging reveals more information than 4D imaging.
  • 440
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Fluid-Structure Interaction Methods in Biomechanics
Fluid-structure interaction algorithms are utilized to examine how the human circulatory system functions by simulating blood flow and capturing mechanical responses within blood vessels. These sophisticated algorithms take into account interactions between fluid dynamics, vessel walls, heart walls, and valves. By combining advanced medical imaging techniques with fluid-structure interaction models, it becomes possible to customize these models for individual patients. 
  • 440
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Łukaszyk-Karmowski Metric
The Łukaszyk–Karmowski metric (LK-metric) defines a distance between two random variables or vectors. LK-metric is not a metric as it does not satisfy the identity of indiscernibles axiom of the metric; for the same random variables, its value is greater than zero, providing they are not both degenerated.
  • 416
  • 20 May 2024
Topic Review
Robust Appointment Scheduling in Healthcare
The quality and experience of healthcare systems affect the economy and prosperity of cities all over the world. Governments of several countries are struggling to improve the efficiency of their healthcare systems and decrease healthcare spending costs.
  • 393
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Mathematical Lower Bounds for City Logistics Distribution Network
By considering the intra-echelon connection of facilities within the same layer of echelon, researchers propose a new distribution network design model by reformulating the classical quadratic assignment problem (QAP). To minimize the overall transportation costs, the proposed model jointly optimizes two types of decisions to enable agile distribution with dynamic “shortcuts”
  • 392
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Mathematical Modeling and Electric Vehicle
The estimated range of an electric vehicle is a variable value. The assessment of this power reserve is possible by various methods, and the results of the assessment by these methods will be quite different. Thus, building a model based on these cycles is an extremely important task for manufacturers of electric vehicles.
  • 389
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Shape-Informed Dimensional Reduction in Airfoil/Hydrofoil Modeling Approachs
Parametric models have been widely used in pertinent literature for reconstructing, modifying and representing a wide range of airfoil and/or hydrofoil profile geometries. Design spaces corresponding to these models can be exploited for modeling and profile-shape optimization under various performance criteria. Accuracy requirements, along with the need for modeling local features, often lead to high-dimensional design spaces that hinder the process of shape optimization and design through analysis.
  • 369
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Water Molecules and Electroconvection on Salt Ion Transport
Electrodialysis has gained global recognition as a water purification method with the potential to enhance the overall efficiency of the purification process. The efficiency of electrodialysis depends strongly on the hydrodynamics of the process, as the advent of new high performance membranes on the world market removes the kinetic limitations associated with membranes and shifts the stage that determines the economic efficiency of desalination towards the liquid phase.
  • 345
  • 31 Jan 2024
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