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Topic Review
Degradation of Rubber and Plastics by Oxidative Metalloenzymes
Biomass wastes are produced daily by different sources, such as residues from forestry, agriculture, and food industry or animal, food, and municipal solid wastes. Bioconversion of this non-edible biomass using microorganisms emerged as a promising green strategy to valorize the non-starch polymers that not only plants but crustaceans as well use to support and protect themselves.
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Microalgae Cultivation
Microalgae is a renewable resource with potential value as a commodity and for combating climate change. Commercial cultivation can be done through open ponds or photobioreactors (PBRs), with open ponds being less expensive. PBRs offer potential better controls but are hindered by cost-related issues. Outdoor PBRs are a promising solution, but challenges related to relying on natural resources remain. Further research is needed to make PBRs commercially viable.
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Quorum Sensing
Quorum sensing (QS) of various microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, microalgae) today attracts the attention of researchers mainly from the point of view of clarifying the biochemical basics of this general biological phenomenon, establishing chemical compounds that regulate it, and studying the mechanisms of its realization. Today the particular attention focused on biotechnological sides of QS application in the elaboration of various prospective biocatalytic systems for different processes carried out under aerobic and anaerobic conditions (synthesis of enzymes, polysaccharides, organic acids, etc.). 
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Smart Parking System Based on Edge-Cloud-Dew Computing Architecture
In a smart parking system, the license plate recognition service controls the car’s entry and exit and plays the core role in the parking lot system. When the Internet is interrupted, the parking lot’s business will also be interrupted. Hence, an Edge-Cloud-Dew architecture for the mobile industry was proposed in order to tackle this critical problem. The architecture has an innovative design, including LAN-level deployment, Platform-as-a-Dew Service (PaaDS), the dew version of license plate recognition, and the dew type of machine learning model training. Based on these designs, the architecture presents many benefits, such as: (1) reduced maintenance and deployment issues and increased dew service reliability and sustainability; (2) effective release of the network constraint on cloud computing and increase in the horizontal and vertical scalability of the system; (3) enhancement of dew computing to resolve the heavy computing process problem; and (4) proposal of a dew type of machine learning training mechanism without requiring periodic retraining, but with acceptable accuracy. 
  • 1.2K
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Fungal Melanin
Synthetic dyes are generally unsafe for human health or the environment, leading to the continuous search and growing demand for natural pigments that are considered safer, biodegrade more easily, and are environmentally beneficial. Among microorganisms, fungi represent an emerging source of pigments due to their many benefits; therefore, they are readily viable on an industrial scale. Among all the bioactive pigments produced by fungi, melanin is an enigmatic, multifunctional pigment that has been studied for more than 150 years. This dark pigment, which is produced via the oxidative polymerization of phenolic compounds, has been investigated for its potential to protect life from all kingdoms, including fungi, from biotic and abiotic stresses.
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Nanoparticle Features That Impact Liver-Targeting and Tolerogenic Effects
Liver-targeting nanoparticles have emerged as a promising platform for the induction of immune tolerance by taking advantage of the liver’s unique tolerogenic properties and nanoparticles’ physicochemical flexibility. Such an approach provides a versatile solution to the treatment of a diversity of immunologic diseases.
  • 1.2K
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Heterogeneous Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Methanation
CO2 methanation offers a promising route for converting CO2 into valuable chemicals and energy fuels at the same time as hydrogen is stored in methane, so the development of suitable catalysts is crucial. Among the noble metal-based catalysts (Ru, Rh, and Pd), Ru-based catalysts show the best catalytic performance. In the non-noble metal catalysts, Ni-based catalysts are the best among Ni-, Co-, and Fe-based catalysts. The factors predominantly affecting catalytic performance are the dispersion of the active metal; the synergy of the active metal with support; and the addition of dopants. 
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Tau Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease and Down Syndrome
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit an almost complete penetrance of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology but are underrepresented in clinical trials for AD. The Tau protein is associated with microtubule function in the neuron and is crucial for normal axonal transport. In several different neurodegenerative disorders, Tau misfolding leads to hyper-phosphorylation of Tau (p-Tau), which may seed pathology to bystander cells and spread.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Next-Generation Sequencing in Neurogenetic Diseases
A wide variety of neurogenetic diseases have been discovered owing to the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The clinical application of NGS significantly accelerated the discovery of disease-causing genes and promoted the understanding of molecular genetic mechanisms associated with hereditary diseases. 
  • 1.2K
  • 18 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Nanoengineering to Modulate Macrophage Polarization
Modulation of macrophage plasticity is emerging as a successful strategy in tissue engineering (TE) to control the immune response elicited by the implanted material. Indeed, one major determinant of success in regenerating tissues and organs is to achieve the correct balance between immune pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution players. In recent years, nanoparticle-mediated macrophage polarization towards the pro- or anti-inflammatory subtypes is gaining increasing interest in the biomedical field. In TE, despite significant progress in the use of nanomaterials, the full potential of nanoparticles as effective immunomodulators has not yet been completely realized. This work discusses the contribution that bioactive inorganic nanoparticles may give to TE applications, helping native or synthetic scaffolds to direct macrophage polarization for skeletal muscle regeneration. 
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Tay-Sachs Disease
Tay-Sachs disease is a rare inherited disorder that progressively destroys nerve cells (neurons) in the brain and spinal cord.  
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Griscelli Syndrome
Griscelli syndrome is an inherited condition characterized by unusually light (hypopigmented) skin and light silvery-gray hair starting in infancy.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Woodhouse-Sakati Syndrome
Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome is a disorder that primarily affects the body's network of hormone-producing glands (the endocrine system) and the nervous system. The signs and symptoms of this condition, which gradually get worse, vary widely among affected individuals, even within the same family.  
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Adaptive Clinical Trials' Bayesian Design
Adaptive designs are attracting a keen interest in several disciplines, from a theoretical viewpoint and also potentially from a practical one, and Bayesian adaptive designs, in particular, have raised high expectations in clinical trials.
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Somatostatin-Dopamine Chimeric Compounds
The growing knowledge of receptor profile expression in Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) has led to synthesis of several chimeric molecules targeting multi-receptors, with a particular interest for SSTs and DRs due to the functional interactions between these receptors. On these assumptions, novel chimeric compounds, embracing somatostatin and dopamine features, were developed opening new routes for NENs treatments.
  • 1.2K
  • 18 Feb 2021
Topic Review
3D Lung Cancer Models
3D models of cancer primarily refer to patient-derived xenografts, spheroids, and organoids and have been established for a variety of cancer types, including lung cancer. 3D lung cancer models have been demonstrated to more accurately model patient cancers and have the potential to advance basic, translational, and clinical studies.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Supply Chain Management in Pandemics
Pandemics cause chaotic situations in supply chains (SC) around the globe, which can lead towards survivability challenges. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented humanitarian crisis that has severely affected global business dynamics. Similar vulnerabilities have been caused by other outbreaks in the past. In these terms, prevention strategies against propagating disruptions require vigilant goal conceptualization and roadmaps. In this respect, there is a need to explore supply chain operation management strategies to overcome the challenges that emerge due to COVID-19-like situations. 
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Bruxism in Down Syndrome Children
Bruxism is defined as “a repetitive jaw-muscle activity that is characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible,” and is distinguished into sleep bruxism (SB) or awake bruxism (AB), depending on its circadian phenotype. Its role in children and adolescents with Down syndrome is still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a narrative review of the literature about bruxism in children and adolescents with Down syndrome to identify the prevalence, risk factors, and possible treatments of this disorder. 
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Cellulose Coarse-Grained
Cellulose is the most common biopolymer and widely used in our daily life. Due to its unique properties and biodegradability, it has been attracting increased attention in the recent years and various new applications of cellulose and its derivatives are constantly being found. The development of new materials with improved properties, however, is not always an easy task, and theoretical models and computer simulations can often help in this process.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Applications of Next-Generation Digital Pathology
Tissue cytometry may provide the methodological basis for next-generation digital pathology, which is the state-of-the-art technology to use and constitutes an enabling factor for precision medicine in clinics as well as in research. Within this review, we are going one step further by addressing the concepts of next-generation digital pathology using imaging-based tissue cytometry, in combination with multiplexing and RNA ISH technologies, as an emerging and central method within precision diagnostics, and discussing various applications.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 May 2021
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