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Topic Review
Water Treatment Using Functional Composites
Due to its low cost, biosorption technology has been extensively carried out to treat heavy metal-laden wastewater using biosorbents. The studies on heavy metal biosorption mechanisms and the simulation of mathematical modeling on the biosorption process have enhanced scientific understanding about the binding between target metal cations and the functional group on different surfaces of biomasses as a biosorbent.
  • 522
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Aerosol Characteristics on the Himalayan Energy Budget
The extensive work on the increasing burden of aerosols and resultant climate implications shows a matter of great concern.
  • 514
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Pipes in Drinking Water Distribution System
The inner walls of the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) are expected to be clean to ensure a safe quality of drinking water. Complex physical, chemical, and biological processes take place when water comes into contact with the pipe surface. 
  • 514
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Modeling of Two-Phase Volumetric Expanders
Two-phase expansion is the process where a fluid undergoes a pressure drop through or in the liquid–vapor dome. Due to the volume increase in volumetric expanders, a pressure drop occurs in the fluid resulting in flashing phenomena occurring. These phenomena have been studied before in other processes such as two-phase flows or static flash. However, this has not been extensively studied in volumetric expanders and is mostly neglected.
  • 513
  • 28 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Ammonia Inhibition
Anaerobic digestion is one of the most widely used treatment methods for animal manure. Chicken manure has high methane production potential and is thus a suitable substrate for biogas plants.
  • 513
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Biomaterials in 3D Printing
Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, encompasses a wide range of techniques for applications ranging from on-demand production to functional prototypes. 3D printing is mainly used in industrial sectors such as aerospace, automotive, medical, dental, construction, art and fashion. Fossil fuel-based materials, such as plastics and metals, as well as concrete, etc., are widely used to produce 3D-printed products. Innovative 3D technologies using new bio-based renewable materials have shown promising results for everyday applications, opening up new opportunities for sustainable 3D printing in the future.
  • 510
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Hydrothermal Carbonization of Agricultural Biogas Production Process
In agricultural biogas plants, besides biogas, the by-product digestate is also produced. Due to its high moisture content and organic origin, it can successfully be applied in the hydrothermal carbonization process to avoid the fate of landfilling. The type of feedstock and the parameters of the hydrothermal conversion (HTC) process, such as temperature, pressure and residence time, affects the physical and chemical characteristics of hydrochar. Therefore, its possible application might be as a biofuel, fertilizer, soil improver, adsorber, or catalyst. 
  • 508
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Circular Design Strategy for Bio-Based Food Packaging Preproduction
The success factor of the industrial transition to circularity is that this new economy model is regenerative by design. The Circular Design Guide prepared by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation in cooperation with IDEO distinguishes six circular design strategies: Two circular design strategies are directly applicable in food packaging: smart material choice, considering a product’s end-of-life treatment in the choice of materials and inputs (for example, durable, biodegradable, recycled or recyclable materials) and closed loop or take back, referring to collections of old or used products and recovering the value of the materials by recycling or reusing them to make new products. The smart material choice circular design strategy (the choice of packaging material), which is applied in the preproduction life cycle stage, directly correlates with all circular re-strategies: firstly, packaging material savings (reduce) could be achieved if optimal material properties and minimum material usage were applied.
  • 505
  • 08 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Permeable Pavement Systems for Stormwater Management
There has been growing interest in the field of permeable pavement systems (PPS), especially in the scope of stormwater management as a sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS). Slight modifications within the PPS layers or incorporation of innovative filters could result in improved contaminant removal efficiency. In addition maintenance procedures were proven effective in mitigating clogging effects, mostly occurring at the upper 1.5–2.5 cm of the PPS. Although partial replacement of the PPS mix design with recycled aggregates improved the overall permeability, the compressive strength was slightly compromised. 
  • 500
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Development of Energy, Water, and Environment Systems
Sustainability has become a broad societal goal, aiming to ensure that human beings coexist safely and harmoniously with nature over a longer time. The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy is coming to an end. The development and merits of sustainable energy supply, advanced technology, and economic features have received significant attention over the past. Since 2002, the Sustainable Development of Energy, Water, and Environment Systems (SDEWES) conferences have become a significant meeting venue for researchers to introduce, discuss, share, and disseminate novel concepts and ideas.
  • 497
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Membrane Bioreactor for Removal of Dyes
Access to clean water is crucial for human health and the advancement of society. However, the decline in water quality has become a serious global issue due to human activities. The United Nations introduced 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with the aim of creating a sustainable future for all humankind. One of the most significant of these goals is “Clean Water and Sanitation for All”. However, the discharge of various contaminants into aquatic environments impedes progress towards achieving SDG6. Among industrial effluents, the textile and dye industries are considered to be major contributors to wastewater production. Dyestuffs, which are synthetic, complex aromatic compounds, and ionizing agents, are widely used as coloring agents in industries such as paper, textiles, food, dyeing, and cooking. Following the dyeing process, approximately 15% of the used dyes remain in the wastewater stream, making the colored wastewater effluent a major concern. Conventional wastewater treatment plants have difficulty in removing such chemicals, resulting in over 200,000 tons of dyes being discharged each year in the environment. The release of dyes results in water pollution with resistant compounds that are not easily broken down by natural degradation processes. Several methods have been established for treating dyes from water bodies, including physicochemical and biological approaches. Physicochemical methods, such as membrane filtration, adsorption, ion exchange, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), and coagulation, have limitations in the removal of dyes due to high cost, inefficiency, and the potential for secondary pollution. In contrast, biological treatment methods, such as membrane bioreactors (MBRs), are cost-effective, safe, environmentally friendly, and efficient for removing dyes. Among the various biological treatment methods, MBRs are regarded as one of the most effective methods for treating wastewater. MBRs are a combination of units for biological degradation and physical filtration
  • 492
  • 21 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Quantifying the UDS Hydraulic and Social Resilience
Various approaches to quantifying resilience have sparked debate in past years. Researcher measures the social and hydraulic resilience of an Urban Drainage System (UDS) using two methodologies, i.e., a proposed index-based framework and a parametric-based Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method. The former positions flexibility as a key property of the resilience concept, and after quantifying four characteristics of a flexible system, measures the flood resilience based on quantifying the two resilience components, i.e., flexibility and resistance; while. The latter calculates the resilience through a linear combination of the actual values and relative weights for different UDS sub-characteristics which best describe the resiliency of the system. 
  • 479
  • 12 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Sea Ice Motion Tracking Based on Satellite Videos
Sea ice tracking is essential for many regional and local level applications, including modeling sea ice distribution, ocean atmosphere, climate dynamics, as well as safe navigation and sea operations. Most operational sea ice monitoring techniques rely on satellite-borne optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors, augmented by scatterometer and passive microwave imagery. Herein, previous ice tracking works are studied and classified into two categories: traditional tracking methods and DL-based tracking. Specifically, traditional ice tracking methods can be broadened to include cross correlation-based, optical flow-based and so on.
  • 475
  • 26 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Exposure Effects Related to Nanomaterial Life Cycles
Nanoparticle-based biosensors are produced and utilized at different scales ranging from laboratory to industrial domains. While incorporating nanomaterials is beneficial to developing high-performance biosensors, at the stages of scale-up and disposal, it may lead to the unmanaged release of toxic nanomaterials. When considering the potential environmental impact and health safety of the scaled-up production of nano biosensors, it is necessary to examine the manufacturing, utilization, and end-of-life disposal of the nanomaterials used. 
  • 474
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Pulsed Flows and Patterned Surfaces Mitigate Membrane Fouling
Patterned membrane surfaces offer a hydrodynamic approach to mitigating concentration polarization and subsequent surface fouling. However, when subject to steady crossflow conditions, surface patterns promote particle accumulation in the recirculation zones of cavity-like spaces. In comparison, a rapidly pulsed crossflow induces mixing mechanisms (i.e., the deep sweep and the vortex ejection) that disrupt recirculation zones and reduce the rate of particle accumulation.
  • 471
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Define–Investigate–Estimate–Map (DIEM) Framework for Modeling Habitat Threats
The DIEM framework illustrates a method of defining threats on the basis of the derived definition, investigating an area using available spatial data, estimating threat severity using the principles used in existing equations, and mapping threats using spatial analysis methods.
  • 468
  • 20 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Bottom Ash Waste Management in Building Industry
MSWIBA development fits into the European Green Deal, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Circular Economy (CE). The combustion of MSW in incineration plants generates more than 30% of secondary waste concerning the inlet stream. The main residue is MSW incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA), which accounts for ca. 90% of MSW incineration solid residues.
  • 468
  • 01 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Micro-Nanotechnology Sensors for Biomedical and Environmental Challenges
Micro- and nanotechnology-enabled sensors have made remarkable advancements in the fields of biomedicine and the environment, enabling the sensitive and selective detection and quantification of diverse analytes. In biomedicine, these sensors have facilitated disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and point-of-care devices. In environmental monitoring, they have played a crucial role in assessing air, water, and soil quality, as well as ensured food safety.
  • 462
  • 13 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Battery Electric Vehicles and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles
During the last few years, electric and hydrogen vehicles have become an alternative to cars that use internal combustion engines. The number of electric and hydrogen vehicles sold has increased due to support from local governments and because car manufacturers will stop the production of internal combustion engines in the near future. The emissions of these vehicles while being driven are zero, but they still have an impact on the environment due to their fuel.
  • 460
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Bioplastics Biodegradation
Bioplastics have entered everyday life as a potential sustainable substitute for commodity plastics. The wide array of biopolymers and commercial blends available make predicting the biodegradation degree and kinetics quite a complex issue that requires specific knowledge of the multiple factors affecting the degradation process. Understanding the material-related and environment-related aspects that determine the actual biodegradation of bioplastics is necessary to harmonize their treatment with biowaste using the typical processing conditions of waste treatment plants.
  • 460
  • 24 Mar 2023
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