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Topic Review
AI Applications in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) stands out as the predominant malignant neoplasm affecting the pancreas, characterized by a poor prognosis, in most cases patients being diagnosed in a nonresectable stage. Image-based artificial intelligence (AI) models implemented in tumor detection, segmentation, and classification could improve diagnosis with better treatment options and increased survival. 
  • 180
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Correlation of NETs to Atherosclerosis and Implication
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have attracted much attention recently, beyond elemental host immunity, due to their fundamental implication in a variety of pathologic conditions and widespread impactful diseases. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of them, and a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Consequently, years of basic and clinical research were dedicated to shedding light on every possible pathophysiologic mechanism that could be used as an effective prevention and treatment tool to ameliorate its burden. This led to the development of complex and prevention protocols and regimens that are now widely used, with lipid-lowering treatment being the current cornerstone; however, this is not adequate to alleviate the residual cardiovascular risk, which remains prominent. 
  • 114
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
A Regulatory Perspective on Biosimilar Medicines
By definition, biosimilar medicinal products are biological medicinal products that are similar to other biological medicinal products that are already on the market—the reference medicinal products.
  • 293
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Merging Ontologies and Data from Electronic Health Records
The Electronic Health Record (EHR) is a system for collecting and storing patient medical records as data that can be mechanically accessed, hence facilitating and assisting the medical decision-making process. EHRs exist in several formats, and each format lists thousands of keywords to classify patients data. The keywords are specific and are medical jargon; hence, data classification is very accurate. As the keywords constituting the formats of medical records express concepts by means of specific jargon without definitions or references, their proper use is left to clinicians and could be affected by their background, hence the interpretation of data could become slow or less accurate than that desired.
  • 154
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Digital Inclusivity
In the fast-paced digital economy, stakeholders across regions, industries and organisational typologies are recognising the growing significance of adopting customer-centric digital strategies. Inexorably, this necessitates the comprehension of consumer behaviours across a diverse customer spectrum, including individuals with disabilities (PwD).
  • 251
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Cardiomyocytes Contractile Activity on Poly(vinyl-alcohol)/Bioglass Electrospun Scaffolds
Tissue scaffolds are generally used as three-dimensional structural supports destined to mimic the morphological structure and function in regeneration processes. Still, beyond this, they are expected to perform the physiological functions for which each tissue or organ is intended. In the case of cardiac tissue, it brings oxygen through the blood to each part of the body through the contraction of the cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes). This contraction is neurologically stimulated through a voltage and calcium-dependent process denominated excitation-contraction coupling, which is mediated by several factors. In this sense, the composition of the scaffold becomes relevant.
  • 143
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
miR-Based Treatments for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by lung inflammation and increased membrane permeability, which represents the leading cause of mortality in ICUs. Mechanical ventilation strategies are at the forefront of supportive approaches for ARDS. Recently, an increasing understanding of RNA biology, function, and regulation, as well as the success of RNA vaccines, has spurred enthusiasm for the emergence of novel RNA-based therapeutics. The most common types of RNA seen in development are silencing (si)RNAs, antisense oligonucleotide therapy (ASO), and messenger (m)RNAs that collectively account for 80% of the RNA therapeutics pipeline. These three RNA platforms are the most mature, with approved products and demonstrated commercial success. 
  • 188
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
miRNA Regulation in Atherosclerotic and Non-Atherosclerotic Aortic Aneurysms
Aortic aneurysms are a serious health concern as their rupture leads to high morbidity and mortality. Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) exhibit differences and similarities in their pathophysiological and pathogenetic features. AAA is a multifactorial disease, mainly associated with atherosclerosis, characterized by a relevant inflammatory response and calcification. TAA is rarely associated with atherosclerosis and in some cases is associated with genetic mutations such as Marfan syndrome (MFS) and bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). MFS-related and non-genetic or sporadic TAA share aortic degeneration with endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (End-Mt) and fibrosis, whereas in BAV TAA, aortic degeneration with calcification prevails. microRNA (miRNAs) contribute to the regulation of aneurysmatic aortic remodeling. miRNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs, which post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. 
  • 105
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Tomato and Pepper Seeds in Phytopathogenic Bacteria Dissemination
The seed industry plays a crucial role in global food production but it faces a persistent challenge in ensuring the health and quality of seeds, particularly those of tomato and pepper seeds, which represent key seed commodities on the global market. Seeds can serve as potential pathways for the introduction and dissemination of seed-borne bacteria, which may have devastating effects on crop yield, farmers’ remunerability, and food security. Therefore, fungicides and other antimicrobial compounds are extensively used to disinfect the seeds, thus increasing the input of chemicals in the agri-environment. 
  • 192
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
FLASH Radiotherapy
FLASH radiotherapy (RT) is considered one of the most promising revolutions in radiation oncology, placing itself at the intersection of technology, physics, and biology. The unique healthy tissue-sparing effect and, at the same time, the equivalent tumor response have already been identified in vivo for multiple organ systems, such as the lung, brain, skin, intestine, and blood, and even in the first human patient.
  • 171
  • 05 Mar 2024
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