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Topic Review
{001} Faceted Anatase TiO2-Based Composites
For anatase TiO2, the {001} crystal facets are the most reactive because they exhibit unique surface characteristics such as visible light responsiveness, dissociative adsorption, efficient charge separation capabilities and photocatalytic selectivity. In this review, a concise survey of the literature in the field of {001} dominated anatase TiO2 crystals and their composites is presented. Even though the design and morphologically controlled synthesis of TiO2-001 is considered to be a hot spot in scientific research, it still has some drawbacks like its wide band gap and high recombination rate. These drawbacks can easily be overcome by coupling them with other materials to form TiO2-001-based composites. This review focusses on the synthesis, properties and applications of TiO2-001-based composites. 
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Nov 2021
Topic Review
 m6A RNA Methylation Mechanism
Epitranscriptomic modifications can affect every aspect of RNA biology, including stability, transport, splicing, and translation, participate in global intracellular mRNA metabolism, and regulate gene expression and a variety of biological processes. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) as the most prevalent modification contributes to normal embryonic brain development and memory formation. 
  • 982
  • 08 Jun 2022
Topic Review
 Aspergillus and Penicillium Species in Biodegradation of Pesticides
Since filamentous fungi of Penicillium and Aspergillus genera can colonize very diverse niches, and Ascomycota seems to be the dominant phylum within the microbial group in various contaminated substrates, they possess great potential in the remediation of pesticide-contaminated sites. Different species can remove the pesticides at different rates, and to various extents; however, the fungal ability to resist high concentrations of pesticides is almost unparalleled compared to other microbial groups. Their performance may be further improved by applying indigenous strains isolated from pesticide-contaminated soils and sediments. 
  • 432
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
β-Galactosidase Immobilization for Galacto-Oligosaccharide Production
Much attention has recently been paid to β-Galactosidases (β-D-galactoside galactohidrolase; EC 3.2.1.23), commonly known as lactases, due to the lactose intolerance of the human population and the importance of dairy products in the human diet. This enzyme, produced by microorganisms, is being used in the dairy industry for hydrolyzing the lactose found in milk to produce lactose-free milk (LFM). Conventionally, β-galactosidases catalyze the hydrolysis of lactose to produce glucose and galactose in LFM; however, they can also catalyze transgalactosylation reactions that produce a wide range of galactooligosaccharides (GOS), which are functional prebiotic molecules that confer health benefits to human health. In this field, different works aims to identify novel microbial sources of β-galactosidase for removing lactose from milk with the relative GOS production. Lactase extracted from thermophilic microorganisms seems to be more suitable for the transgalactosylation process at relatively high temperatures, as it inhibits microbial contamination. Different immobilization methods, such as adsorption, covalent attachment, chemical aggregation, entrapment and micro-encapsulation, have been used to synthesize lactose-derived oligosaccharides with immobilized β-galactosidases. 
  • 819
  • 29 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Natural Protective Products for Protecting Plants against Insects
Plant protection against insects relies on four main pillars: prevention and biological, chemical, and physical action. The use of chemical insecticides, a common practice, should be avoided unless all other methods have failed due to their potential negative impact on both humans and the environment.
  • 196
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
1,2-cis glycosylation
Controlling the stereoselectivity of 1,2-cis glycosylation is one of the most challenging tasks in the chemical synthesis of glycans. There are various 1,2-cis glycosides in nature, such as α-glucoside and β-mannoside in glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans, microbial polysaccharides, and bioactive natural products. In the structure of polysaccharides such as α-glucan, 1,2-cis α-glucosides were found to be the major linkage between the glucopyranosides. Various regioisomeric linkages, 1→3, 1→4, and 1→6 for the backbone structure, and 1→2/3/4/6 for branching in the polysaccharide as well as in the oligosaccharides were identified. To achieve highly stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation, including α-glucosylation, a number of strategies using inter- and intra-molecular methodologies have been explored.
  • 427
  • 09 Aug 2023
Topic Review
A Scientific Theology
A Scientific Theology is a set of three books by Alister McGrath that explores the parallels between the working assumptions and methods of Christian theology and those of the natural sciences. Scientific Theology is also the "running title" of the project which gave rise to the trilogy. The work is preceded by three volumes that McGrath describes as "landmarks" in the development of his scientific theology: The Genesis of Doctrine: A Study in the Foundations of Doctrinal Criticism, The Foundations of Dialogue in Science and Religion and Thomas F. Torrance: An Intellectual Biography. The trilogy was later summarised in The Science of God. McGrath is working on a "scientific dogmatics" which will deal with the content of Christian theology following the method developed in the trilogy.
  • 471
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Abyssinian genet
The Abyssinian genet (Genetta abyssinica) is a carnivorous mammal belonging to the family Viverridae. Endemic to the highlands of Ethiopia, it is characterized by its sleek, spotted coat and long tail. This nocturnal creature plays a vital role in local ecosystems as an efficient hunter of small vertebrates and insects.
  • 169
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Achillea moschata Wulfen
Achillea moschata Wulfen (Asteraceae) is a suffruticose chamaephyte. It is endemic to the Alpine region and grows between 1400 m and over 3000 m a.s.l. on cliffs, stony ground, and moraines, exclusively on silica. It is known by various common and vernacular names, including erba iva, taneda, daneda, and aneda. The decoction of its flower heads, which represents the drug, is traditionally used to treat digestive tract disorders. The balsamic time coincides with anthesis (July–August).
  • 416
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
Acorus tatarinowii Schott
Acorus tatarinowii Schott (A. tatarinowii) is a natural medicinal plant. It plays an indispensable role in the treatment of diseases by the empirical medicine system and has achieved remarkable curative effects.
  • 545
  • 12 Jun 2023
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