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Topic Review
Steel Fibers on Tensile Properties of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete
Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is an advanced cement-based material with excellent mechanical properties and durability. However, with the improvement of UHPC’s compressive properties, its insufficient tensile properties have gradually attracted attention.
  • 252
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Denoising Techniques for High-Performance MEMS Microphones
The MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) microphone is a representative device among the MEMS family, which has attracted substantial research interest, and those tailored for human voice have earned distinct success in commercialization. With the advancement of microphone technology and the market, microphones have become carriers for various intelligent applications, therefore demanding higher criteria in noise suppression. For instance, a hearing aid should suppress ambient noise while delivering relevant sounds to the user. Additionally, in specific environments, the noise performance of microphones is crucial for communication and intelligent voice-related needs such as voice activation and speech recognition.
  • 192
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Effect of Wettability Parameters on Enhanced OIl Recovery
Modifying reservoir surface wetting properties is an appealing topic to the upstream oil and gas industry for enhancing hydrocarbon recovery, as the shifting of reservoir rock surface wetting from oil-wet to water-wet has enhanced the oil recovery (EOR) by as much as 70–80%. Wettability is defined as the ability of a fluid to stay in contact with a solid surface preferentially to another immiscible fluid present due to intermolecular interactions. The cohesive and adhesive forces describe the intermolecular interaction between solids and liquids. Cohesive force attracts similar molecules; adhesive force attracts different molecules. The balance of adhesive and cohesive forces of the oil–water–rock phase defines the wettability conditions of reservoir rocks. The wettability condition of reservoir rocks is one of the most critical factors influencing fluid flow in porous media, subsequently impacting the overall hydrocarbon recovery efficiency. Based on their wettability characteristics, oil reservoirs are divided into water-wet, oil-wet, mixed-wet, and intermediate-wet. Many experimental studies have contributed to the understanding of the wettability alteration mechanism. Despite the extensive research, concerns about a lack of understanding of the wettability alteration mechanisms in various reservoir conditions still exist. Microfluidic technologies, with microfabrication and reservoir micromodels, revolutionize researchers'  understanding of wettability alteration during enhanced oil recovery, surpassing traditional core-based experiments and offering real-time insights into geochemical changes.
  • 428
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Digital Twins Concept Integration in Livestock Farming
The potential application of the digital twins concept and its principles to all industries, including agriculture, has been the subject of considerable research interest. Since livestock farming is one of the mainstays of the agricultural industry, contributing to food security as well as employment and income generation, digital twins appear to be a promising technology to address issues related to the intensive nature of livestock production systems, which are typically characterized by high levels of input and output.
  • 126
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Technologies for Plasmon-Based Fluorescence Enhancement
Fluorescence is a widely used phenomenon in various scientific and technological fields, including biology, chemistry, medicine, and materials science. The fluorescence signal provides valuable information about molecular interactions, concentrations, and structural changes. Fluorescence exhibits numerous valuable applications, encompassing the detection of single molecules, fluorescence nanoscopy, biological labeling, and optoelectronic device functionality, among many others. Fluorescence enhancement is imperative for enhancing the sensitivity and precision of a wide range of scientific and technological applications that heavily rely on fluorescence detection. It is a crucial requirement to elevate the performance and reliability of these applications.
  • 137
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Crucial Technologies of Digital Thread Implementation
The digital thread is identified as an integrated information flow using recognized authoritative data sources (e.g., requirements, system architecture, technical data packages (TDP), 3D CAD models) connecting all stages of the product lifecycle. The objective of the digital thread is to establish an integrated framework that consolidates all stages of the product lifecycle and systems, facilitating efficient and effective lifecycle measurements and supporting a data-driven approach.
  • 213
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Anomaly Detection in Autonomous Robotic Missions
An anomaly in autonomous robotic missions (ARM) is a deviation from the expected behaviour, performance, or state of the robotic system and its environment, which may impact the mission’s objectives, safety, or efficiency; and this anomaly can be caused either by system faults or the change in the environmental dynamics of interaction. The nuanced understanding of anomaly categories facilitates a more strategic approach, ensuring that detection methods are more effective in addressing the specific nature of the anomaly.
  • 435
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
IIoT and Other Industry 4.0 Technologies in O&G
Spare parts warehousing in the oil and gas industry is essential for offshore production. With the introduction of Industry 4.0 and its subsequent technological tools, new functions are enabled in industrial logistics activities. Efficiency, visibility, optimization, and productivity are often mentioned as benefits of successful Industry 4.0 technology implementation in logistics activities.
  • 108
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Supercritical CO2 Power Technology
In the late 1960s, a handful of inspired researchers predicted the great potential of supercritical CO2 (“sCO2”) cycles for the production of electricity and highlighted the prospects for dramatic reductions in component sizes and efficiency increases. Since then, considerable development programs have been deployed around the world to “tame” this new technology. 
  • 160
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Characterization Technique for Exosomes
Exosomes distributed by extracellular vesicles carry various information highly consistent with cells, becoming a new type of biomarker for tumor screening. However, although conventional characterization technologies can quantify size and morphology for exosomes, they are limited in related fields such as function tracing, protein quantification at unit point, and microstructural information.
  • 185
  • 08 Mar 2024
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