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Topic Review
New Settings of CAR-T Cell Therapy for Lymphoma
Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has led to a treatment paradigm shift for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, first with the approval for relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphomas and subsequently for R/R mantle cell and follicular lymphoma. Many efforts are continuously being made to extend the therapeutic setting in the lymphoma field. Several reports are supporting the safety and efficacy of CAR-T cells in patients with central nervous system disease involvement. Anti-CD30 CAR-T cells for the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma are in development and early studies looking for the optimal target for T-cell malignancies are ongoing. Anti-CD19/CD20 and CD19/CD22 dual targeting CAR-T cells are under investigation in order to increase anti-lymphoma activity and overcome tumor immune escape. Allogeneic CAR product engineering is on the way, representing a rapidly accessible ‘off-the-shelf’ and potentially more fit product. 
  • 122
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics of Surgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis
Appropriate surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) is an important measure in preventing surgical site infections (SSIs). Although antimicrobial pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics (PKPD) is integral to optimizing antibiotic dosing for the treatment of infections, there is less research on preventing infections postsurgery. Whereas clinical studies of SAP dose, preincision timing, and redosing are informative, it is difficult to isolate their effect on SSI outcomes. Antimicrobial PKPD aims to explain the complex relationship between antibiotic exposure during surgery and the subsequent development of SSI. It accounts for the many factors that influence the PKs and antibiotic concentrations in patients and considers the susceptibilities of bacteria most likely to contaminate the surgical site. 
  • 169
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Virtual Reality for Rehabilitation of Acquired Cognitive Disorders
Virtual Reality (VR) is presented as a transformative tool that immerses individuals in interactive environments, offering promising opportunities for enhancing cognitive functions and improving quality of life.
  • 164
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Chemistry and Radiochemistry of DOTAZOL
Bisphosphonates are therapeutic agents that have been used for almost five decades in the treatment of various bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, Paget disease and prevention of osseous complications in cancer patients. In nuclear medicine, simple bisphosphonates such as 99mTc-radiolabelled oxidronate and medronate remain first-line bone scintigraphic imaging agents for both oncology and non-oncology indications. In addition, bifunctional bisphosphonates such as DOTAZOL can be tagged with radiometals for theranostic applications.
  • 218
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Heterogeneity of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease with a high incidence and mortality rate. The number of new CRC cases worldwide reached 1.93 million in 2020, ranking third after breast cancer and lung cancer. The number of CRC-related deaths reached 940,000, making it the second most deadly tumor globally. In China, according to the 2016 national cancer statistics published by the National Cancer Center, a total of 4.06 million tumor patients were diagnosed in 2016, with approximately 408,000 being CRC patients. Among these cases, approximately 196,000 CRC patients died, accounting for 8.10% of the total.
  • 177
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Liver Tissue Engineering
The liver is the largest gland in the human body, mediating essential functions in homeostasis, metabolism, serum protein production, storage of glycogen, drug detoxification, immune system, and production and secretion of bile acids. The ultimate goal of liver tissue engineering (LTE)  is to restore partial or total function of the liver during liver failure. A fully functional liver is the ultimate aim of LTE, and functional liver tissue can be used for drug testing. Moreover, LTE has the potential to develop an extracorporeal liver support (ECLS) system performing the essential functions of the liver to reduce mortality or to bridge a patient to a liver transplant. With recent advances in the field of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering holds high potential to progress as an alternative or supplement to LT. A major advance in the LTE area was published by Chhabra and colleagues, reporting the development of a vascularized liver model to understand liver regeneration.
  • 324
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Endocrine Changes Causing Infertility in Obese Males
Overweight and obesity are terms used to describe an abnormal and excessive build-up of body fat that may have a detrimental effect on health. Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body weight per height that is widely used to classify adults as overweight or obese. It is calculated by dividing a person’s body weight (in kilograms) by the square of their height (in meters/m2). The World Health Organization (WHO) defines overweight as a BMI of 25 kg/m2 or above and obesity as a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or above. The rising incidence of obesity has coincided with rising levels of poor reproductive outcomes. The molecular basis for the association of infertility in obese males is now being explained through various mechanisms. Insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and changes in serum and gonadal concentrations of adipokines, like leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and ghrelin have been implicated as causes of male infertility in obese males.
  • 100
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) presents distinct challenges during pregnancy due to its influence on maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. IBD can affect women of reproductive age aspiring for a safe pregnancy. Effective disease control before conception is vital to improve fertility and ensure a healthy pregnancy, thus reducing potential flare-ups. Continuation of IBD treatments during pregnancy and breastfeeding is generally viewed as safe, emphasizing the importance of thorough disease management for both mother and child.
  • 98
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Sudden Death Risk in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
Although substantial progress has been made to prevent sudden cardiac death in repaired tetralogy of Fallot patients, ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death continue to be major causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Greater survival in contemporary cohorts has been attributed to enhanced surgical techniques, more effective management of heart failure, and increased efforts in risk stratification and management of ventricular arrhythmias.
  • 355
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Nanoparticle Features That Impact Liver-Targeting and Tolerogenic Effects
Liver-targeting nanoparticles have emerged as a promising platform for the induction of immune tolerance by taking advantage of the liver’s unique tolerogenic properties and nanoparticles’ physicochemical flexibility. Such an approach provides a versatile solution to the treatment of a diversity of immunologic diseases.
  • 331
  • 05 Jan 2024
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