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Topic Review
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Issues in Glioma Imaging
Glial tumors represent the leading etiology of primary brain tumors. Their particularities lie in (i) their location in a highly functional organ that is difficult to access surgically, including for biopsy, and (ii) their rapid, anisotropic mode of extension, notably via the fiber bundles of the white matter, which further limits the possibilities of resection. The use of mathematical tools enables the development of numerical models representative of the oncotype, genotype, evolution, and therapeutic response of lesions.
  • 231
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography
The use of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in the setting of stable coronary artery disease is highly recommended for low-risk patients. High-risk patients, such as symptomatic subjects with prior revascularization, are suggested to be investigated with noninvasive functional tests or invasive coronary angiography.
  • 147
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Exceptional Liver Transplant Indications
Liver transplantation represents the definitive intervention for various etiologies of liver failure and encompasses a spectrum of rare indications crucial to understanding the diverse landscape of end-stage liver disease, with significantly improved survival rates over the past three decades.
  • 104
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Curcumin Inorganic Nanoparticles and its Anti-cancer Potential
Curcumin is a natural compound that has been widely investigated thanks to its various biological properties, including antiproliferative. This molecule acts on different cancers such as lung, breast, pancreatic, colorectal, etc. However, the bioactive actions of curcumin have limitations when its physicochemical properties compromise its pharmacological potential. As a therapeutic strategy against cancer, curcumin has been associated with inorganic nanoparticles. These nanocarriers are capable of delivering curcumin and offering physicochemical properties that synergistically enhance anticancer properties. 
  • 200
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Role of Pocus in Acute Respiratory Failure
Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a challenging condition that clinicians, especially in emergency settings, have to face frequently. Especially in emergency settings, many underlying diseases can lead to ARF and life-threatening conditions have to be promptly assessed and correctly treated to avoid unfavorable outcomes. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) gained growing consideration due to its bedside utilization, reliability and reproducibility even in emergency settings especially in unstable patients.
  • 95
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
ALK-Targeted Therapies in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)+ Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), affecting about 5% of cases, is characterized by a mutation in the ALK gene, leading to poor life expectancy and a high risk of brain metastases. Unmet needs in metastatic NSCLC include the development of treatments that improve survival, reduce toxicity, and effectively address brain metastases. Evaluating Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved ALK inhibitors in advanced NSCLC highlights their unique effectiveness and safety profiles. Crizotinib exhibits notable benefits regarding progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR); however, multiple studies consistently position alectinib as the superior option. Alectinib distinguishes itself with extended PFS, increased central nervous system (CNS) activity, and excellent patient-reported outcomes.
  • 195
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Four-Dimensional Flow Echocardiography in Congenital Heart Disease
Blood speckle tracking echocardiography (BSTE) is a new, promising 4D flow ultrafast non-focal plane imaging technique. BSTE is highly feasible, fast, and easy for visualization of normal/abnormal flow patterns in healthy children and in those with congenital heart disease (CHD). BSTE allows for visualization and basic 2D measures of normal/abnormal vortices forming the ventricles and in the main vessel. Left ventricular vortex characteristics and aortic flow patterns have been described both in healthy children and in those with CHD.
  • 159
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure and CKD
Heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are associated with high mortality. In both disorders, impaired iron homeostasis, mostly in the form of a functional iron deficiency, is a frequent co-morbidity. In HF, functional iron deficiency and management by i.v. iron supplementation have been proven to affect both prognosis and functional capacity. In the same context, iron supplementation is routine for the adequate management of renal anemia in CKD.
  • 120
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Role of NGF in Inflammation and Tumor Growth
Nerve growth factor (NGF) plays a dual role both in inflammatory states and cancer, acting both as a pro-inflammatory and oncogenic factor and as an anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic mediator in a context-dependent way based on the signaling networks and its interaction with diverse cellular components within the microenvironment.
  • 108
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Endocannabinoid System Present in the Glioblastoma Tumour Microenvironment
The highly aggressive and invasive glioblastoma (GBM) tumour is the most malignant lesion among adult-type diffuse gliomas, representing the most common primary brain tumour in the neuro-oncology practice of adults. With a poor overall prognosis and strong resistance to treatment, this nervous system tumour requires new, innovative treatment. GBM is a polymorphic tumour consisting of an array of stromal cells and various malignant cells contributing to tumour initiation, progression, and treatment response. Cannabinoids possess anti-cancer potencies against glioma cell lines and in animal models. To improve existing treatment, cannabinoids as functionalised ligands on nanocarriers were investigated as potential anti-cancer agents. The GBM tumour microenvironment is a multifaceted system consisting of resident or recruited immune cells, extracellular matrix components, tissue-resident cells, and soluble factors. 
  • 773
  • 31 Jan 2024
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