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Topic Review
Machine Learning in Materials Synthesis and Property Prediction
Material innovation plays a very important role in technological progress and industrial development. Traditional experimental exploration and numerical simulation often require considerable time and resources. A new approach is urgently needed to accelerate the discovery and exploration of new materials. Machine learning can greatly reduce computational costs, shorten the development cycle, and improve computational accuracy.
  • 412
  • 13 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Bioactivity of Bisindolylmaleimides and Derivatives
Bisindolylmaleimide (BIM)-type compounds arise from natural sources such as arcyriarubin and are biosynthetically related to indolocarbazoles. BIMs are commonly the immediate synthetic precursors of indolocarbazoles, lacking a central bond between the two aromatic units and making them more flexible and drug-like. Synthetic endeavours within this class of compounds are broad and have led to the development of both remarkably potent and selective protein kinase inhibitors. Clinical BIM examples include ruboxistaurin and enzastaurin, which are highly active inhibitors of protein kinase C-β. While BIMs are widely recognised as protein kinase inhibitors, other modes of activity have been reported, including the inhibition of calcium signalling and antimicrobial activity. BIMs can be highly functionalised or chemically manipulated, which provides the opportunity to generate new derivatives with unique biological profiles. Critically, structural differences can be used to exploit new bioactivity and therefore it is imperative to discover new chemical entities to address new targets. 
  • 319
  • 13 Sep 2023
Topic Review
2D Nanomaterial-Based Flame-Retardant PLA Materials
Poly (lactic acid) or polylactide (PLA) has gained widespread use in many industries and has become a commodity polymer. Its potential as a perfect replacement for petrochemically made plastics has been constrained by its extreme flammability and propensity to flow in a fire. Traditional flame-retardants (FRs), such as organo-halogen chemicals, can be added to PLA without significantly affecting the material’s mechanical properties.
  • 215
  • 13 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Electric Double Layer Based Epidermal Electronics for Healthcare
Epidermal electronics, an emerging interdisciplinary field, is advancing the development of flexible devices that can seamlessly integrate with the skin. These devices, especially Electric Double Layer (EDL)-based sensors, overcome the limitations of conventional electronic devices, offering high sensitivity, rapid response, and excellent stability. Especially, Electric Double Layer (EDL)-based epidermal sensors show great potential in the application of wearable electronics to detect biological signals due to their high sensitivity, fast response, and excellent stability. The advantages can be attributed to the biocompatibility of the materials, the flexibility of the devices, and the large capacitance due to the EDL effect. 
  • 255
  • 13 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Flame Retarding Mechanism of P-FRs in Polyurethane Elastomer
Polyurethane elastomer (PUE) is a typical block polymer with alternately arranges soft and hard segments. Isocyanates and small molecular chain extenders constitute the hard segment, and the soft segment is composed of polyols. Most phosphorous flame retardants for PUE exhibit two flame-retardant mechanisms, including the gas phase and the condensed phase.
  • 249
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Pore-Based Sensing for Virus Particles Detection
Pore-based sensing is a highly sensitive sensing technology for the detection of extremely small particles such as molecules, proteins, and viruses (50–200 nm). Pore-based sensing is conducted by applying an electric field across nanopores, usually made of biomacromolecules, e.g., α-hemolysin or synthetic materials, e.g., graphene and semiconductor. When a particle passes through the pore, changes in the current waveform can be observed. The presence of specific waveform changes indicates the presence of target, and the number of this specific waveform can be used to determine the concentration.
  • 382
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Biological Activity of Flavones, Flavonols, and Aurones
Flavonoids are a widely distributed group of natural polyphenolic compounds that are found in plants usually in glycosylated form and have been shown to possess a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer properties, making them an attractive target for synthesis and further research.
  • 663
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Targeted Therapies
Breast cancer represents the most common cancer type and one of the major leading causes of death in the female worldwide population. Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor (HER2), a transmembrane glycoprotein related to the epidermal growth factor receptor, results in a biologically and clinically aggressive breast cancer subtype. It is also the primary driver for tumor detection and progression and, in addition to being an important prognostic factor in women diagnosed with breast cancer, HER2 is a widely known therapeutic target for drug development. In breast cancer, the overexpression of the HER2 receptor makes it a reliable biomarker and a successful therapeutic target. Several strategies have been developed to target HER2, using various targeting molecules including monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antibody–drug conjugates, small molecules, and peptides.
  • 369
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Catalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Mechanism of MoS2
MoS2 has long been considered a promising catalyst for hydrogen production. At present, there are many strategies to further improve its catalytic performance, such as edge engineering, defect engineering, phase engineering, and so on. However, at present, there is still a great deal of controversy about the mechanism of MoS2 catalytic hydrogen production. For example, it is generally believed that the base plane of MoS2 is inert; however, it has been reported that the inert base plane can undergo a transient phase transition in the catalytic process to play the catalytic role, which is contrary to the common understanding that the catalytic activity only occurs at the edge. Therefore, it is necessary to further understand the mechanism of MoS2 catalytic hydrogen production. 
  • 253
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Improved and Innovative Accident-Tolerant Nuclear Fuel Materials
Since 2011, there has been an international effort to evaluate the behavior of newer fuel rod materials for the retrofitting of existing light water reactors (LWR). These materials include concepts for the cladding of the fuel and for the fuel itself. The materials can be broadly categorized into evolutionary or improved existing materials and revolutionary or innovative materials. The purpose of the newer materials or accident-tolerant fuels (ATF) is to make the LWRs more resistant to loss-of-coolant accidents and thus increase their operation safety. The benefits and detriments of the three main concepts for the cladding are discussed.
  • 348
  • 11 Sep 2023
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