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Topic Review
Electrochemical Immunosensor
Electrochemical immunosensors (EI) are systems that combine the analytical power of electrochemical techniques and the high selectivity and specificity of antibodies in a solid phase immunoassay for a target analyte.
  • 2.0K
  • 02 Dec 2021
Topic Review
MXene-Based Membranes
MXene (Figure 1a) is a younger member of the 2D family and has been widely fabricated into both laminar as well as pristine nanosheet membranes using different methods.
  • 526
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Organic Photorefractive Materials
Photorefractive materials are capable of reversibly changing their index of refraction upon illumination. That property allows them to dynamically record holograms, which is a key function for developing an updateable holographic 3D display. The transition from inorganic photorefractive crystals to organic polymers meant that large display screens could be made.
  • 506
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Fabrication of Composite Materials
Composite materials are widely applied in industrial and biomedical fields as structural materials due to their superior comprehensive properties, such as high strength, high stiffness, low weight, corrosion resistance, etc.
  • 621
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Magnetic Elements for Neuromorphic Computing
Neuromorphic computing is also called cognitive or adaptive computing. Brain-inspired computers could work like neuronal networks, be more energy-efficient, and could learn and solve special mathematical problems faster than recent computers. It is assumed to be significantly more energy efficient than, and at the same time expected to outperform, conventional computers in several applications, such as data classification, since it overcomes the so-called von Neumann bottleneck. Artificial synapses and neurons can be implemented into conventional hardware using new software, but also be created by diverse spintronic devices and other elements to completely avoid the disadvantages of recent hardware architecture.
  • 540
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Nonprecious Metal Homogeneously Catalyzed Formic Acid Dehydrogenation
Formic acid (FA) possesses a high volumetric concentration of H2 (53 g L−1). Moreover, it can be easily prepared, stored, and transported. Therefore, FA stands out as a potential liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC), which allows storage and transportation of hydrogen in a safe way. The dehydrogenation to produce H2 and CO2 competes with its dehydration to give CO and H2O. For this reason, research on selective catalytic FA dehydrogenation has gained attention in recent years. Several examples of highly active homogenous catalysts based on precious metals effective for the selective dehydrogenation of FA have been reported. Among them are the binuclear iridium-bipyridine catalysts described by Fujita and Himeda et al. (TOF = 228,000 h−1) and the cationic species [IrClCp*(2,2′-bi-2-imidazoline)]Cl (TOF = 487,500 h−1). However, examples of catalytic systems effective for the solventless dehydrogenation of FA, which is of great interest since it allows to reduce the reaction volume and avoids the use of organic solvents that could damage the fuel cell, are scarce. 
  • 600
  • 30 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Plant-Based Colloidal Delivery Systems
Colloidal delivery systems can be used to alter the gastrointestinal fate of oil-soluble vitamins, such as their chemical stability and bioaccessibility. The effectiveness of these delivery systems depends on their composition and structure. For instance, the bioaccessibility of oil-soluble vitamins (A, D, and E) has been shown to increase with decreasing droplet size in nanoemulsions, which is attributed to the faster release and solubilization of the vitamins when lipid digestion occurs more rapidly.
  • 469
  • 30 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Molecular Imprinting
Molecular imprinting is a technique for creating artificial recognition sites on polymer matrices that complement the template in terms of size, shape, and spatial arrangement of functional groups. The main advantage of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIP) as the polymer for use with a molecular imprinting technique is that they have high selectivity and affinity for the target molecules used in the molding process. 
  • 2.6K
  • 30 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Lead-Free Perovskite Single Crystals
Lead-free perovskites have received remarkable attention because of their nontoxicity, low-cost fabrication, and spectacular properties including controlled bandgap, long diffusion length of charge carrier, large absorption coefficient, and high photoluminescence quantum yield. Compared with the widely investigated polycrystals, single crystals have advantages of lower trap densities, longer diffusion length of carrier, and extended absorption spectrum due to the lack of grain boundaries, which facilitates their potential in different fields including photodetectors, solar cells, X-ray detectors, light-emitting diodes, and so on. 
  • 729
  • 30 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Pd-Based Thin Films for Optical H2 Sensors
Pd-based optical H2 sensors (i.e., sensors employing Pd either as the main sensing material or for only catalyzing the dissociation of H2 before this is absorbed by the main sensing material) rely on probing either (1) intensity changes of the transmittance/reflectance or (2) frequency shifts of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) upon exposure of the sensing element to H2. Transmission/reflection sensors (discussed here) rely on changes in the optical properties of the sensing material upon exposure to H2, which can be easily probed by a simple light detector or a conventional optical spectrophotometer.
  • 441
  • 30 Nov 2021
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