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Topic Review
Anticancer Small-Molecule Agents Targeting Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 1A
Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) canonically delivers amino acyl tRNA to the ribosomal A site during the elongation stage of protein biosynthesis. Yet paradoxically, the oncogenic nature of this instrumental protein has long been recognized. Consistently, eEF1A has proven to be targeted by a wide assortment of small molecules with excellent anticancer activity, among which plitidepsin has been granted approval for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Meanwhile, metarrestin is under clinical development for metastatic cancers.
  • 309
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Anticancer Targeted Drug Delivery Nanotechnology
The construction of nanosized drug delivery systems possesses tremendous potential due to their ability to improve the solubility of poorly soluble drugs and to reduce metabolism by dissolving them in their hydrophobic or hydrophilic compartment. In addition, nanomedicine holds the advantages of passive targeting ability due to an enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, a large surface-to-volume ratio for drug loading, a tunable size for modification, a prolonged plasma half-life and a different biodistribution profile compared to conventional chemotherapy. Typical nano-based delivery vehicles include liposome, micelle, dendrimer, inorganic vector, nanogel and nanoemulsion, while novel nanocarriers also contain biomimetic reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL), exosome and the hybrid nanoparticle, which come from the mixture of nanomaterials. Each of these nanotools displays its unique physiochemical properties and possesses the ability for further modification of active targeting ligands.
  • 790
  • 11 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Antifoaming Agent for Lubricating Oil
In the process of using lubricating oil, it is inevitable that bubbles will be produced, which can not only accelerate the oil’s oxidation and shorten the oil change cycle but also reduce its fluidity and lubricity, aggravate the wear of mechanical parts and produce an air lock that interrupts the oil pump supply and causes an oil shortage accident.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Antifungal Azoles by Transition Metal Coordination
Coordination compounds featuring one or more antifungal azole (AA) ligands constitute an interesting family of candidate molecules, given their medicinal polyvalence and the viability of drug complexation as a strategy to improve and repurpose available medications.
  • 223
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Activity of Calixarenes/Related Macrocycles
Calixarenes have been shown to have antimicrobial effects since the 1950s. These properties are exemplified through their applications as prodrugs, drug delivery agents and biofilm inhibitors. A particularly important development in recent years has been their ability to engage in multivalent interactions with proteins, thus inhibiting cellular aggregation.
  • 1.2K
  • 12 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Activity of Gemini Surfactants
Gemini cationic surfactants (GS) are constructed from two alkylammonium monomeric salts linked by a spacer.They exhibit significant surface, aggregation and antimicrobial properties. Due to the fact that, in order to achieve the desired utility effect, the minimal concentration of compounds are used, they are in line with the principle of greenolution (green evolution) in chemistry. The obtained results indicate that the synthesized compounds are effective microbicides with a broad spectrum of biocidal activity and are active against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, yeast Candida albicans, molds Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum. These compounds constitute a new, interesting class of microbicides with a broad spectrum of biocidal activity.
  • 655
  • 28 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Activity of Nitroaromatic Derivatives
Searching for new and efficient pharmaceuticals is a constant struggle for medicinal chemists. New substances are needed in order to treat different pathologies affecting the health of humans and animals, and these new compounds should be safe, effective and have the fewest side effects possible. Some functional groups are known for having biological activity; in this matter, the nitro group (NO2) is an efficient scaffold when synthesizing new bioactive molecules. Nitro compounds display a wide spectrum of activities that include antineoplastic, antibiotic, antihypertensive, antiparasitic, tranquilizers and even herbicides, among others.
  • 709
  • 14 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Coatings with Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Antimicrobial coatings are utilized in the surface modification of yarns and materials designed for use in medical and dental applications. Various physical and chemical methods are employed to create these coatings, ensuring the development of efficient, homogeneous, and uniform layers on diverse surfaces and materials. For these coatings to be effective, they must incorporate active compounds that can combat a wide array of microorganisms, including those that have developed resistance to antibiotics. Examples of such active compounds include metallic nanoparticles such as silver, copper, and gold, as well as nanoparticles of metal oxides such as zinc, titanium, and aluminum. Upon the application of these coatings to medical materials, extensive testing and characterization procedures are undertaken, which will be thoroughly detailed in this entry. It is crucial to emphasize that the absence of proper characterization and testing of nanoparticles in antimicrobial coatings could lead to the absence of standards, norms, or procedures necessary to safeguard human health and the environment. Despite their widespread application in the medical field, concerns have been raised regarding the potential toxicity of nanoparticles to living organisms.
  • 179
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Effects of Cannabinoids
The development of new antibiotics is urgently needed to combat the threat of bacterial resistance. New classes of compounds that have novel properties are urgently needed for the development of effective antimicrobial agents. The extract of Cannabis sativa L. has been used to treat multiple ailments since ancient times. Its bioactivity is largely attributed to the cannabinoids found in its plant. Researchers are searching for new anti-infective agents that can treat various infections. Although its phytocannabinoid ingredients have a wide range of medical benefits beyond the treatment of infections, they are primarily associated to psychotropic effects. Different cannabinoids have been demonstrated to be helpful against harmful bacteria, including Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, combination therapy involving the use of different antibiotics has shown synergism and broad-spectrum activity. 
  • 529
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Masks as Personal protective equipment
Shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) is often projected in response to public health emergencies such as infection outbreaks and pandemics. Respiratory protective devices (RPDs), namely medical face masks and respirators, are considered the last defence for the front-line healthcare workers. To contribute to the mitigation of RPDs shortage, new technology such as antimicrobial treated PPE that can reduce the risks of fomite during the donning and doffing process with an extended lifespan gets increasingly prevalent.
  • 489
  • 21 Jun 2022
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