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Topic Review
Nanocatalysts Used in AOPs for Wastewater Treatment
The increase in population demands for industrialization and urbanization which led to the introduction of novel hazardous chemicals in our environment. The most significant parts of these harmful substances found in water bodies remain in the background, causing a health risk to humans and animals. It is critical to remove these toxic chemicals from the wastewater to keep a cleaner and greener environment. Hence, wastewater treatment is a challenging area these days to manage liquid wastes effectively. Therefore, scientists are in search of novel technologies to treat and recycle wastewater, and nanotechnology is one of them, thanks to the potential of nanoparticles to effectively clean wastewater while also being ecologically benign. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been extensively studied. Advanced oxidation processes can be defined as the processes and technologies which involve the generation of active species such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH) which act as efficient oxidants to decompose pollutants in wastewater treatment. 
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Gaseous Emissions from the Composting Process
Compost can be used in agricultural activities due to its various positive impacts on the physical and chemical properties of the soil, meanwhile reducing utilization of inorganic fertilizers. Composting has also negative environmental impacts, some of them of social concern. This is the case of composting atmospheric emissions, especially in the case of greenhouse gases (GHG) and certain families of volatile organic compounds (VOC). 
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Mechanism of Advanced Oxidation Processes
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) involves the generation of powerful oxidizing radical groups, such as hydroxyl radicals, which function as oxidizing agents and mineralize organic chemical substances into CO2 and H2O. AOPs such as photocatalysis and photo-Fenton have been widely considered to be very effective in removing persistent organic pollutants.
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Mar 2023
Topic Review
TiO2-Based Membranes for Wastewater Treatment
The high separation efficiencies, relative low costs, small footprint, and ease of operation associated with integrated photocatalytic-membrane (IPM) technologies are gaining an all-inclusive attention. Conversely, photocatalysis and membrane technologies face some degree of setbacks, which limit their worldwide application in wastewater settings for the treatment of emerging contaminants.
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Green Bioprocessing of Algae-Derived Biochar
Biochar is a carbonaceous substance that is created from algal biomass by thermal breakdown in an oxygen-absence environment.
  • 1.0K
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Geopolymer Composites Designed for Water and Wastewater Treatment
Since the discovery of geopolymers four decades ago, they have come quite a long way successfully and gained attention, mostly due to the effortlessness for geo-synthesis with lesser emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). Their admirable properties, such as toughness, heat and fire resistance, refractory nature and radiation hardness, altogether make them promising for applications for radioactive waste containment, as well as for pozzolanic action, making them multi-functional. In realism, lots of industrial materials are derived using geopolymers. For example, fiber-based geopolymer composites are regarded as fire-resistant. Quite a lot of geopolymeric composites are positioned in metal tool coatings and the construction of cabinets of airplanes and buildings, with a view to trim down the intensity of inferno incidents. The polymeric chain-like structure of geopolymers contributes higher chemical resistance, lower shrinkage and enhanced resistance to abrasion with high early mechanical strength. This entry describes that applications and interaction of geopolymer.
  • 1.0K
  • 30 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Reuse of Municipal Solid Waste in Construction
Society is highly dependent on natural resources such as rocks (aggregates) and minerals. Although they are an abundant resource on the planet, their recovery is slow in terms of human lifespan, and from this fact, they are considered non-renewable resources. The construction industry currently consumes around 3000 million tons of natural resources annually and is responsible for 34% of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. An alternative to reduce this over-extraction is the substitution of aggregates and cement for municipal solid waste (MSW), which represents the application of the circular economy principles. This approach and the waste management hierarchy are described, with a focus on the Latin America and the Caribbean situation. MSW is composed of several fractions, such as organic waste, paper, cardboard, metals, plastic, and glass, among other valuable materials. Areas of opportunity for their reuse in the construction industry have been demonstrated worldwide: a) plastics as substitutes for aggregates or reinforcing fibers, or replaced construction elements such as bricks; b) glass in the production of concrete, mortar, and asphalt pavement; c) paper as a hygrothermal and lighting regulator in buildings, among others.  
  • 1.0K
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Water Reuse Treatment Technologies
Treating water for water reuse typically involves treating wastewater in several steps consisting of preliminary treatment, primary treatment, and secondary treatment. Tertiary treatment and advanced treatment may be needed for water reuse purposes. 
  • 1.0K
  • 18 May 2023
Topic Review
Hydrogel Adsorbents
The performance of hydrogel adsorbents depends on the constituents of the gels and the functions produced by the polymer networks of the gels. Research on hydrogels utilizing the characteristic functions of polymer networks has increased over the last decade. The functions of polymer networks are key to the development of advanced adsorbents for the removal of various pollutants.
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Electrodialysis Bipolar Membrane for Reverse-Osmosis Concentrate Recovery
Electrochemical processes such as electrodialysis (ED) and electrodialysis bipolar membrane (EDBM) can contribute to soft-water production and the evaluation of waste fluxes. EDBM is a new technology that combines the separation function of electrodialysis with water separation at the bipolar membrane interface, which can convert salts into corresponding acids and bases without adding external components. In this system, anions and cations are separated from wastewater separately and combined with H+ and OH− ions via bipolar membranes to form acidic and alkaline solutions.
  • 992
  • 14 Jan 2022
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