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Topic Review
Microgels for Enhanced Oil Recovery
In todays’ world, there is an increasing number of mature oil fields every year, a phenomenon that is leading to the development of more elegant enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies that are potentially effective for reservoir profile modification. The technology of conformance control using crosslinked microgels is one the newest trends that is gaining momentum every year. This is due to the simplicity of the treatment process and its management, as well as the guaranteed effect in the case of the correct well candidate selection.
  • 298
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Microplastics Derived from Food Packaging Waste
Plastics are commonly used for packaging in the food industry. The most popular thermoplastic materials that have found such applications are polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and polystyrene (PS). Unfortunately, most plastic packaging is disposable. As a consequence, significant amounts of waste are generated, entering the environment, and undergoing degradation processes. They can occur under the influence of mechanical forces, temperature, light, chemical, and biological factors. These factors can present synergistic or antagonistic effects. As a result of their action, microplastics are formed, which can undergo further fragmentation and decomposition into small-molecule compounds. During the degradation process, various additives used at the plastics’ processing stage can also be released. Both microplastics and additives can negatively affect human and animal health.
  • 461
  • 29 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Microplastics Invading Human Organs and Bodily Fluids Systems
Microplastics (MPs), small plastic particles resulting from the degradation of larger plastic items and from primary sources such as textiles, engineered plastic pellets, etc., have become a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. As their prevalence in the natural environment grows, concerns about their potential impacts on human health have escalated.
  • 303
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
MIP Application for the Detection of Cancer Biomarkers
Biomarkers can provide critical information about cancer and many other diseases; therefore, developing analytical systems for recognising biomarkers is an essential direction in bioanalytical chemistry. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been applied in analytical systems to determine biomarkers. The most attractive way to replace natural biological recognition systems is based on applying molecularly imprinted polymers.
  • 450
  • 24 Apr 2023
Topic Review
MIP Application for the Detection of Infectious Diseases
Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based biosensors have enormous potential for disease detection. Infectious diseases can be detected and identified using MIPs, which are imprinted with whole viruses or specific proteins—biomarkers. Simple detection of the virus can be achieved by whole virus surface imprinting because viruses are easily identified by their morphology and surface properties. Other imprinting techniques and related sensitivity of the prepared MIP-based sensors are bulk imprinting, soft lithography, self-assembly, and the particle core-shell (template immobilization technique). Using MIP-based technology, viruses can be detected by a whole virus, as in the case of the Japanese encephalitis virus imprinted in the tetraethyl orthosilicate or hepatitis A virus imprinted in polydopamine (PDA), virus aptamer (e.g., HIV-1 gene imprinted in poly(o-phenylenediamine on ITO), main protein (e.g., spike protein or NS1 (non-structural protein 1—a specific and sensitive biomarker for dengue virus infection) or HIV-p24 (human immunodeficiency virus p24)), epitope (e.g., glycoprotein 41, gp41 (of related protein to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1))) templates. 
  • 325
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
MIPs Preparation by Computational Simulation–Aided
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) are obtained by initiating the polymerization of functional monomers surrounding the template molecule in the presence of crosslinkers and porogens. Usually the best adsorption performance can be obtained by optimizing the polymerization conditions, but the process is time-consuming and labor-intensive. At the same time, the use of a large number of organic reagents in the process of experimental optimization also limits the development and promotion of molecular imprinting technology. Theoretical calculation based on calculation simulation and intermolecular force is an effective method to solve this problem because it is convenient, versatile, environmentally friendly and low in price. It is not affected by the space environment, and the calculation efficiency is high.
  • 697
  • 27 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Mixed-Matrix Membranes for Gas Separation
Nanocomposite membranes, obtained by dispersing solid particles within a polymeric matrix, are referred to as mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) and are potentially capable to exceed the trade-off restrictions between membrane permeability and selectivity, that is an intrinsic trait for polymeric membranes applied to gas separation. Making the most appropriate combination of filler and polymer is an exciting challenge for materials scientists.
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Modification of Glucomannan as an Excipient
Glucomannan (GM) is a polysaccharide generally extracted from the tuber of Amorphophallus konjac. It consists of mannose and glucose residues linked by β-(1-4) and exhibits hydrocolloid characteristics which can be applied as thickening and gelling agents. However, it has poor water resistance and low mechanical strength when used as an excipient in solid form. Several physical and chemical modifications have been carried out to improve these drawbacks. Chemical modification involves the substitution of functional groups in GM’s structure including esterification and etherification. It causes a decrease in its high hydrophilic film behavior and produce water-resistant films. Physical modification involves mixing native GM with other excipients through processes involving milling, moisture, temperature, pressure, radiation, etc. It causes variations to particle size, shape, surface properties, porosity, density, and to functional properties such as swelling capacity and gelation ability
  • 733
  • 26 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Modified Starch-Based Adhesives
Consumer trends towards environmentally friendly products are driving plastics industries to investigate more benign alternatives to petroleum-based polymers. In the case of adhesives, one possibility to achieve sustainable production is to use non-toxic, low-cost starches as biodegradable raw materials for adhesive production. While native starch contains only hydroxyl groups and has limited scope, chemically modified starch shows superior water resistance properties for adhesive applications. Esterified starches, starches with ester substituents, can be feasibly produced and utilized to prepare bio-based adhesives with improved water resistance. Syntheses of esterified starch materials can involve esterification, transesterification, alkylation, acetylation, succinylation, or enzymatic reactions.
  • 2.5K
  • 31 May 2022
Topic Review
Molecular Weight of Polyamides
Polyamides (PAs) undergo local environmental degradation, leading to a decline in their mechanical properties over time. PAs can experience various forms of degradation, such as thermal degradation, oxidation, hydrothermal oxidation, UV oxidation, and hydrolysis. In order to better comprehend the degradation process of PAs, it is crucial to understand each of these degradation mechanisms individually.
  • 539
  • 09 Jan 2024
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