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Topic Review
Parvovirus B19 Infection and Pregnancy
Parvovirus B19, a member of the Parvoviridae family, is a human pathogenic virus. It can be transmitted by respiratory secretions, hand-to-mouth contact, blood transfusion, or transplacental transmission. Most patients are asymptomatic or present with mild symptoms such as erythema infectiosum, especially in children. In rare cases, moderate-to-severe symptoms may occur, affecting blood cells and other systems, resulting in anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. Non-immune pregnant women are at risk for fetal infection by parvovirus B19, with greater complications if transmission occurs in the first or second trimester. Infected fetuses may not show any abnormalities in most cases, but in more severe cases, there may be severe fetal anemia, hydrops, and even pregnancy loss. 
  • 56
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Maternal Cytomegalovirus Infection
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an enveloped DNA virus that, like other members of the herpes virus family, establishes a lifelong latency period after primary infection and becomes resident in monocytes and granulocytes. For this reason, vertical transmission can occur through primary infection, reactivation of the disease, or even contamination with another strain. CMV infection is spread through contact with contaminated bodily secretions (such as urine, saliva, genital secretions, and breast milk) and generally causes few symptoms in immunocompetent individuals, but can cause serious damage in immunosuppressed individuals, including fetuses. CMV infection is the most common congenital infection worldwide, affecting between 0.7% and 1% of all live births. Approximately 11% of infected newborns are symptomatic at birth, and between 30% and 40% of these are at risk of developing long-term neurological sequelae.
  • 93
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Circulating miRNAs and Preeclampsia
miRNAs are single-stranded non-coding RNAs, 20–24 nt long, which control mRNA expression. Changes in miRNA expression can induce a variation in the relative mRNA level and influence cellular homeostasis, and the strong presence of miRNAs in all body fluids has made them useful biomarkers of several diseases. Preeclampsia is a multifactorial disease, but the etiopathogenesis remains unclear. The functions of trophoblasts, including differentiation, proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis, are essential for a successful pregnancy.
  • 92
  • 01 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis in Adolescence
Endometriosis has a prevalence of 10% worldwide in premenopausal women. Probably, endometriosis begins early in the life of young girls, and it is commonly diagnosed later in life. The prevalence of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) in adolescence is currently unknown due to diagnostic limits and underestimation of clinical symptoms. Dysmenorrhea is a common symptom in adolescents affected by DIE, often accompanied by dyspareunia and chronic acyclic pelvic pain. Ultrasonography—either performed transabdominal, transvaginal or transrectal—should be considered the first-line imaging technique despite the potential for missed diagnosis due to early-stage disease. Magnetic resonance imaging should be preferred in the case of virgo patients or when ultrasonographic exam is not accepted. Diagnostic laparoscopy is deemed acceptable in the case of suspected DIE not responding to conventional hormonal therapy. An early medical and/or surgical treatment may reduce disease progression with an immediate improvement in quality of life and fertility, but at the same time, painful symptoms may persist or even recur due to the surgery itself. 
  • 125
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Nutrients and Additives in Feed of Pregnant Sows
According to the National Research Council (NRC), during gestation, sows have higher nutritional requirements to meet their needs and those of their fetuses. Therefore, an optimal feeding strategy is essential.
  • 89
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Menstrual Blood-Derived Stem Cells for Vaginal Atrophy Management
Risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is a surgical procedure that includes bilateral removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes and is often recommended for individuals who carry breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and 2 (BRCA2) mutations, which are associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC).
  • 62
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Non-Pharmacological Pain Management in Labor
Childbirth is a remarkable, life-changing process and is frequently regarded as an excruciating, physically and emotionally demanding experience that women endure. Labor pain management poses a significant challenge for obstetricians and expectant mothers.
  • 155
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Omental Bursa in Ovarian Cancer
The omental bursa (OB), also referred to as the lesser peritoneal sac, is a natural space situated between the stomach and the pancreas.
  • 62
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Bacterial Vaginosis and Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Among the infectious causes of vulvovaginal symptoms, bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) dominate. Apart from infrequent mixed infections, both are considered independent and caused by unrelated pathogenic mechanisms.
  • 90
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Cancer Tissue-Derived and Peripheral Blood Biomarkers in HGSOC
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is one of the most lethal tumors generally and the most fatal cancer of the female genital tract. The approved standard therapy consists of surgical cytoreduction and platinum/taxane-based chemotherapy, and of targeted therapy in selected patients. The main therapeutic problem is chemoresistance of recurrent and metastatic HGSOC tumors which results in low survival in the group of FIGO III/IV. Therefore, the prediction and monitoring of chemoresistance seems to be of utmost importance for the improvement of HGSOC management. 
  • 64
  • 18 Jan 2024
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