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Topic Review
Magnetic Fields in Biotechnological Processes Using Eukaryotic Organisms
Despite the growing prevalence of using living organisms in industry, the control of biotechnological processes remains highly complex and constitutes one of the foremost challenges in these applications. The usage of electromagnetic fields offers a great opportunity to control various biotechnological processes by alternating growth and cell metabolism without influencing the characteristics of the cultivation medium or the products of the biotechnological process.
  • 214
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Pharmaceuticals in Water
The presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment presents a challenge to modern science. The most significant impact this can induce is the emergence of antibiotic resistance, which can lead to a global health emergency. It is important to note that the impact of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment is not limited to antibiotic resistance. Pharmaceuticals can also affect the behaviour and reproductive systems of aquatic organisms, with cascading effects on entire ecosystems.
  • 213
  • 23 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Methodologies for Wind Field Reconstruction in the U-SPACE
The main methodologies used to reconstruct wind fields in the U-SPACE have been analyzed. The SESAR U-SPACE program aims to develop an Unmanned Traffic Management system with a progressive introduction of procedures and services designed to support secure access to the air space for a large number of drones. Some of these techniques were originally developed for reconstruction at high altitudes, but successively adapted to treat different heights. A common approach to all techniques is to approximate the probabilistic distribution of wind speed over time with some parametric models, apply spatial interpolation to the parameters and then read the predicted value.
  • 213
  • 23 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Renewable Energy Transition
The renewable energy transition of oil- and gas-producing countries has specific peculiarities due to the ambivalent position of these countries in the global energy market, both as producers and consumers of energy resources. This task becomes even more challenging when the share of oil and gas in the country’s GDP is very high. These circumstances pose serious challenges for long-term energy policy development and require compromising decisions to better align the existing and newly created energy policies of the country. The scale, scope, and pace of changes in the transition process must be well balanced, considering the increasing pressure of economic and environmental factors.
  • 213
  • 10 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Recycled Paper Sludge for Energy Applications
Recycled paper sludge (RPS), a paper production by-product, is an excellent lignocellulosic biomass source for bioethanol production due to its high cellulose content and negative cost. Converting RPS to bioethanol aligns with circular economy (CE) concepts and is key in achieving Agenda 2020 for America’s forest, wood, and paper industries. Paper is a well-explored material, including its production process, waste product, and properties.
  • 213
  • 30 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Phytosanitary Rules for the Movement of Olive
Phytosanitary legislation involves government laws that are essential to minimize the risk of the introduction and diffusion of pests, especially invasive non-native species, as a consequence of the international exchange of plant material, thus allowing us to safeguard agricultural production and biodiversity of a territory.
  • 212
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
River Chief Information-Sharing System Practice in China
Controling river water pollution is one of the complex ecoenvironmental challenges facing China’s development today. The river chief information-sharing system (RCISS) in China is an institutional innovation carried out by the government to promote collaborative water governance in the era of big data. In China, the RCISS is primarily practiced at the provincial level. A three-dimensional and intelligent information-management system would be established according to the work plan of the RCS.
  • 212
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Factors Affecting N2O Emissions from Wastewater Treatment Plants
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) generate significant amounts of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas with a global warming potential (GWP) 273 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2), contributing to ozone layer depletion and climate change. Therefore, even small amounts of N2O emissions can significantly contribute to total greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Thus, it can be concluded that the minimization of N2O emissions and the identification of the factors controlling these emissions constitute a great challenge.
  • 209
  • 07 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Soil Phytomining
Phytomining (PM) is defined as the process of using plants capable of bio-extracting metals from soil in order to explore them economically. This relatively new, innovative method has been gathering significant attention in both the academic and commercial domains. Conventional mining methods are often economically unviable when applied to lean ores, and they can lead to secondary pollution in soil—a situation that applies to all excavated metals. On the other hand, PM is an environmentally friendly and economically viable solution that addresses the growing demands for metal resources, while simultaneously contributing to energy production by harnessing biomass energy. 
  • 209
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Urban Flood Monitoring Technology
Owing to rapid climate change, large-scale floods have occurred yearly in cities worldwide, causing serious damage. General flooding and overflow modeling was performed based on a model that utilizes the flow of water and its geographical characteristics. More detailed geographical data and drainage network information are utilized in urban regions.
  • 208
  • 27 Nov 2023
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