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Topic Review
Syngas Fermentation to Bio-Alcohols
Biomass gasification produces syngas, mainly comprised of CO and H2 along with H2S, CO2, N2, and tar compounds. Inorganic carbon present in syngas as CO and CO2 can be utilized for the production of several value-added chemicals including ethanol, higher alcohols, fuels, and hydrogen using microbial sysytem.
  • 1.5K
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Formal Methods in Healthcare: Improving Safety and Reliability
This research explores the use of formal methods in healthcare, a set of mathematical techniques that provide a rigorous and systematic approach to the design, development, and verification of healthcare systems. The research discusses various types of formal methods and their applications in healthcare, as well as examples of dangerous healthcare accidents that could have been prevented using formal methods. The research also covers the achievements and challenges of using formal methods in healthcare, as well as future directions for research and development in this area. The research concludes that the use of formal methods in healthcare has the potential to improve the safety and reliability of healthcare systems, potentially saving lives and improving the quality of healthcare delivery.
  • 1.5K
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
The Role of Probiotics in Skin Health
By regulating skin health and gut–skin axis interactions, probiotics can be used as potential management tools to suppress and improve skin diseases in multiple ways, including decreasing oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory responses, and keeping immune effects.
  • 1.5K
  • 24 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Lyme Neuroborreliosis in Children
Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is an infectious disease, developing after a tick bite and the dissemination of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes reach the nervous system. The infection occurs in children and adults but with different clinical courses. Adults complain of radicular pain and paresis, while among the pediatric population, the most common manifestations of LNB are facial nerve palsy and/or subacute meningitis.
  • 1.5K
  • 06 Jul 2021
Topic Review
IPF
In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), several factors may have a negative impact on the nutritional status, including an increased respiratory muscles load, release of inflammation mediators, the coexistence of hypoxemia, and physical inactivity. Nutritional abnormalities also have an impact on IPF clinical outcomes. Given the relevance of nutritional status in IPF patients, we sought to focus on some critical issues, highlighting what is known and what should be further learned about these issues. We revised scientific literature published between 1995 and August 2019 by searching on Medline/PubMed and EMBASE databases including observational and interventional studies. We conducted a narrative review on nutritional assessment in IPF, underlining the importance of nutritional evaluation not only in the diagnostic process, but also during follow-up. We also highlighted the need to keep a high level of attention on cardiovascular comorbidities. We also focused on current clinical treatment in IPF with Nintedanib and Pirfenidone and management of gastrointestinal adverse events, such as diarrhea, induced by these antifibrotic drugs. Finally, we concentrated on the importance of pulmonary rehabilitation program, including nutritional assessment, education and behavioral change, and psychological support among its essential components. More attention should be devoted to the assessment of the undernutrition and overnutrition, as well as of muscle strength and physical performance in IPF patients, taking also into account that an adequate clinical management of gastrointestinal complications makes IPF drug treatments more feasible. 
  • 1.5K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant
This entry highlghts the role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on plant nutrition and growth. AMFimproves plant nutrition and helps them to cope with environment stresses. 
  • 1.5K
  • 23 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Construction Site Safety Management with Internet-of-Things
A considerable number of fatalities and injuries are reported in construction projects annually, and the adoption of digital technologies could provide safer construction sites. The adoption of IoT-based technologies in construction projects has offered myriad benefits, especially in the field of construction safety management. Barriers to the adoption of IoT-based technologies in construction site safety management (CSSM) have been studied. Then, the most significant barriers were determined using a comprehensive fuzzy Delphi method. Once the external validity of the findings had been checked through semi-structured interviews, 18 barriers were found to hamper the adoption of IoT-based technologies in CSSM. 
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Structural Health Monitoring of Wind Turbine Blade
The growing demands for electrical energy, especially renewable, is boosting the development of wind turbines equipped with longer composite blades. To reduce the maintenance cost of huge composite parts, the structural health monitoring (SHM) is an approach to anticipate and/or follow the structural behaviour along time. Apart from the development of traditional non-destructive testing methods, in order to reduce the use of intrusive instrumentation there is a growing interest for the development of “self-sensing materials”. An interesting route to achieve this, can be to introduce carbon nanofillers such as nanotubes (CNT) in the composite structures, which enables to create systems that are sensitive to both strain and damage. 
  • 1.5K
  • 08 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Driven Occlusive Diseases
The discovery of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation as a part of the defense mechanisms of the innate immune system has provided new insights into the pathologies of various diseases. Nowadays, NET formation is considered a double-edged sword, as NET remnants induce inflammation and aggregated NETs (aggNETs) reportedly occlude tubular structures like vessels or ducts. In this regard, elucidating the mechanism of NET-dependent occlusions is crucial for the development of new therapeutic approaches.
  • 1.5K
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Dostarlimab
Dostarlimab (JEMPERLI) is a PD-1 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of adult patients, with mismatch repair deficient (dMMR), recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer that has progressed on or following prior therapy with a platinum-containing regimen. As determined by an FDA-approved test this indication was granted rapid approval based on the rate of tumor response and the duration of the response. Continued approval for this indication is conditioned on further confirmatory trials demonstrating and documenting clinical benefit.
  • 1.5K
  • 11 Aug 2022
Topic Review
IEEE P2668 Evaluation for Smart Battery Management Systems
In smart cities and smart industry, a Battery Management System (BMS) focuses on the intelligent supervision of the status (e.g., state of charge, temperature) of batteries (e.g., lithium battery, lead battery). Internet of Things (IoT) integration enhances the system’s intelligence and convenience, making it a Smart BMS (SBMS). However, this also raises concerns regarding evaluating the SBMS in the wireless context in which these systems are installed. Considering the battery application, in particular, the SBMS will depend on several wireless communication characteristics, such as mobility, latency, fading, etc., necessitating a tailored evaluation strategy.  An IEEE P2668-Compatible SBMS Evaluation Strategy (SBMS-ES) was proposed to overcome this issue. The SBMS-ES is based on the IEEE P2668 worldwide standard, which aims to assess IoT solutions’ maturity.
  • 1.5K
  • 15 Sep 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns
There are worldwide curfews, quarantines, and similar restrictions (variously described as stay-at-home orders, shelter-in-place orders, shutdowns or lockdowns) related to the COVID-19 pandemic and established to prevent further spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19. Countries and territories around the world have enforced lockdowns of varying degrees. Some include total movement control while others have enforced restrictions based on time. Mostly, only essential businesses are allowed to remain open. Schools, universities and colleges have closed either on a nationwide or local basis in Template: Education statistics on the COVID-19 pandemic countries, affecting approximately Template: Education statistics on the COVID-19 pandemic per cent of the world's student population. All types of recreational venues and most public places have been affected.
  • 1.5K
  • 09 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Ankle Problems
Ankle problems are very common symptoms which include pain or any discomfort happened in the ankles. Mild ankle pain often could be healed by home treatments though it takes certain time to cure. Specialized physicians are needed when severe ankle pain happens, especially it is kind of injury.
  • 1.5K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Clip (Command)
The clipboard is a buffer that some operating systems provide for short-term storage and transfer within and between application programs. The clipboard is usually temporary and unnamed, and its contents reside in the computer's RAM. The clipboard provides an application programming interface by which programs can specify cut, copy and paste operations. It is left to the program to define methods for the user to command these operations, which may include keybindings and menu selections. When an element is copied or cut, the clipboard must store enough information to enable a sensible result no matter where the element is pasted. Application programs may extend the clipboard functions that the operating system provides. A clipboard manager may give the user additional control over the clipboard. Specific clipboard semantics vary among operating systems, can also vary between versions of the same system, and can sometimes be changed by programs and by user preferences. Windows, Linux and macOS support a single clipboard transaction.
  • 1.5K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Loot System
In video games, a loot system is a method of distributing in-game items amongst a group of players, after having "looted" them.
  • 1.5K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Legume Pangenome for Crop Improvement
Legume crops play a crucial role in ensuring global food security. Legume reference genomes have been constructed for soybean, chickpea, common bean, pigeonpea, pea, lupin, peanut, cowpea, and mungbean. However, pangenomes are needed to obtain insights into the genome dynamics, gene-content variation, genetic basis of agronomic-trait variation, and evolutionary relationship in various legumes.
  • 1.5K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Artemisia Glomerata
Artemisia /ˌɑːrtɪˈmiːziə/ is a large, diverse genus of plants with between 200 and 400 species belonging to the daisy family Asteraceae. Common names for various species in the genus include mugwort, wormwood, and sagebrush. Artemisia comprises hardy herbaceous plants and shrubs, which are known for the powerful chemical constituents in their essential oils. Artemisia species grow in temperate climates of both hemispheres, usually in dry or semiarid habitats. Notable species include A. vulgaris (common mugwort), A. tridentata (big sagebrush), A. annua (sagewort), A. absinthium (wormwood), A. dracunculus (tarragon), and A. abrotanum (southernwood). The leaves of many species are covered with white hairs. Most species have strong aromas and bitter tastes from terpenoids and sesquiterpene lactones, which discourage herbivory, and may have had a selective advantage. The small flowers are wind-pollinated. Artemisia species are used as food plants by the larvae of a number of Lepidoptera species. Some botanists split the genus into several genera, but DNA analysis does not support the maintenance of the genera Crossostephium, Filifolium, Neopallasia, Seriphidium, and Sphaeromeria; three other segregate genera -- Stilnolepis, Elachanthemum, and Kaschgaria -- are maintained by this evidence. Occasionally, some of the species are called sages, causing confusion with the Salvia sages in the family Lamiaceae.
  • 1.5K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Gel Ball Shooter
Gel blasters, also known as gel guns, gel shooters, gel markers, hydro markers, hydro blasters, water bead blasters or gelsoft, are toy guns similar in design to airsoft guns, but the projectiles they shoot are 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) superabsorbent polymer water beads (most commonly sodium polyacrylate, colloquially called water beads, hydrogel balls, gel balls, water bullets or simply gels), which are often sold commercially as moisture retainers for gardening and pot/vase floriculture. Gel blasters are often played in CQB-style shooting skirmishes similar to paintball by squads or local clubs of enthusiasts often referred to as "gelballers", but follows an airsoft-like honor-based gameplay umpiring system. MilSim games involving players wearing camouflage and dump pouches are very popular, while "SpeedGel" players are more casual with team jerseys and often wear paintball masks. In addition to safety gear such as eye protections, the sport is heavily regulated on the field and players must adhere to safety rules.
  • 1.5K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Methods
Cells, the basic structures of all living organisms, reside in an extracellular matrix consisting of a complex three-dimensional architecture and interact with neighboring cells both mechanically and biochemically. Cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix interactions form a three-dimensional network that maintains tissue specificity and homeostasis. Important biological processes in a cell cycle are regulated by principles organized by the microenvironment surrounding the cell. The conventional cell culture methods failed to mimic in vivo-like structural organization and are insufficient to examine features such as connectivity of cells, cellular morphology, viability, proliferation, differentiation, gene and protein expression, response to stimuli, and drug/vaccine metabolism. Three-dimensional cell culture studies are very important in terms of reducing the need for in vivo studies and creating an intermediate step.
  • 1.5K
  • 17 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Synthesis of Pyrazolo pyrano oxazoles
A simple and efficient synthetic route to the novel 3a,4-dihydro-3H,7H- and 4H,7H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrano[4,3-c][1,2]oxazole ring systems from 3-(prop-2-en-1-yloxy)- or 3-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde oximes has been developed by employing the intramolecular nitrile oxide cycloaddition (INOC) reaction as the key step.
  • 1.5K
  • 06 Feb 2023
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